1、ACI 318M-14Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318M-14) and Commentary (ACI 318RM-14)Reported by ACI Committee 318An ACI Standard Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318M-14)An ACI StandardCommentary on Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 3
2、18RM-14)An ACI ReportReported by ACI Committee 318Randall W. Poston, Chair Basile G. Rabbat, SecretaryVOTING MAIN COMMITTEE MEMBERSNeal S. AndersonFlorian G. BarthRoger J. BeckerKenneth B. BondyDean A. BrowningJames R. CagleyNed M. ClelandW. Gene Corley*Ronald A. CookCharles W. DolanAnthony E. Fiora
3、toCatherine E. FrenchRobert J. FroschLuis E. GarciaBrian C. GerberS. K. GhoshDavid P. GustafsonJames R. HarrisTerence C. HollandShyh-Jiann HwangJames O. JirsaDominic J. KellyGary J. KleinRonald KlemencicCary KopczynskiColin L. LoboPaul F. MlakarJack P. MoehleLawrence C. NovakGustavo J. Parra-Montesi
4、nosDavid M. RogowskyDavid H. SandersGuillermo SantanaThomas C. SchaefferStephen J. SeguirantAndrew W. TaylorJames K. WightSharon L. WoodLoring A. Wyllie Jr.VOTING SUBCOMMITTEE MEMBERSRaul D. BerteroAllan P. BommerJohn F. BonacciPatricio BonelliSergio F. BreaJoAnn P. BrowningNicholas J. CarinoDavid D
5、arwinJeffrey J. DragovichKenneth J. ElwoodLisa R. FeldmanHarry A. GleichH. R. Trey HamiltonR. Doug HootonKenneth C. HoverSteven H. KosmatkaMichael E. KregerJason J. KrohnDaniel A. KuchmaAndres LepageRaymond LuiLeRoy A. LutzJoe MaffeiDonald F. MeinheitFred MeyerSuzanne Dow NakakiTheodore L. NeffViral
6、 B. PatelConrad PaulsonJose A. PincheiraCarin L. Roberts-WollmannMario E. RodrguezBruce W. RussellM. Saiid SaiidiAndrea J. SchokkerJohn F. SilvaJohn F. StantonRoberto StarkBruce A. SuprenantJohn W. WallaceW. Jason WeissFernando V. YezINTERNATIONAL LIAISON MEMBERSF. Michael BartlettMathias BrewerJose
7、f FarbiarzLuis B. Fargier-GabaldonAlberto GiovambattistaHector HernandezAngel E. HerreraHector Monzon-DespangEnrique PasquelPatricio A. PlacenciaOscar M. RamirezFernando Reboucas StucchiCONSULTING MEMBERSSergio M. AlcocerJohn E. BreenNeil M. HawkinsH. S. LewJames G. MacGregorRobert F. MastJulio A. R
8、amirezCharles G. Salmon*ACI 318M-14 supersedes ACI 318M-11, and published March 2015.Copyright 2015, American Concrete Institute.All rights reserved including rights of reproduction and use in any form or by any means, including the making of copies by any photo process, or by electronic or mechanic
9、al device, printed, written, or oral, or recording for sound or visual reproduc-tion or for use in any knowledge or retrieval system or device, unless permission in writing is obtained from the copyright proprietors.1*Deceased.First PrintingMarch 2015ISBN: 978-1-942727-11-8Building Code Requirements
10、 for Structural Concrete and CommentaryCopyright by the American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI. All rights reserved. This material may not be reproduced or copied, in whole or part, in any printed, mechanical, electronic, film, or other distribution and storage media, without the written
11、consent of ACI.The technical committees responsible for ACI committee reports and standards strive to avoid ambiguities, omissions, and errors in these documents. In spite of these efforts, the users of ACI documents occasionally find information or requirements that may be subject to more than one
12、interpretation or may be incomplete or incorrect. Users who have suggestions for the improvement of ACI documents are requested to contact ACI via the errata website at http:/concrete.org/Publications/DocumentErrata.aspx. Proper use of this document includes periodically checking for errata for the
13、most up-to-date revisions.ACI committee documents are intended for the use of individuals who are competent to evaluate the significance and limitations of its content and recommendations and who will accept responsibility for the application of the material it contains. Individuals who use this pub
14、lication in any way assume all risk and accept total responsibility for the application and use of this information.All information in this publication is provided “as is” without warranty of any kind, either express or implied, including but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability
15、, fitness for a particular purpose or non-infringement.ACI and its members disclaim liability for damages of any kind, including any special, indirect, incidental, or consequential damages, including without limitation, lost revenues or lost profits, which may result from the use of this publication
16、.It is the responsibility of the user of this document to establish health and safety practices appropriate to the specific circumstances involved with its use. ACI does not make any representations with regard to health and safety issues and the use of this document. The user must determine the app
17、licability of all regulatory limitations before applying the document and must comply with all applicable laws and regulations, including but not limited to, United States Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) health and safety standards.Participation by governmental representatives i
18、n the work of the American Concrete Institute and in the development of Institute standards does not constitute governmental endorsement of ACI or the standards that it develops.Order information: ACI documents are available in print, by download, on CD-ROM, through electronic subscription, or repri
19、nt and may be obtained by contacting ACI.Most ACI standards and committee reports are gathered together in the annually revised ACI Manual of Concrete Practice (MCP).American Concrete Institute38800 Country Club DriveFarmington Hills, MI 48331Phone: +1.248.848.3700Fax: +1.248.848.3701www.concrete.or
20、gPREFACE TO ACI 318M-14The “Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete” (“Code”) provides minimum requirements for the materials, design, and detailing of structural concrete buildings and, where applicable, nonbuilding structures. This Code addresses struc-tural systems, members, and connec
21、tions, including cast-in-place, precast, plain, nonprestressed, prestressed, and composite construction. Among the subjects covered are: design and construction for strength, serviceability, and durability; load combi-nations, load factors, and strength reduction factors; structural analysis methods
22、; deflection limits; mechanical and adhesive anchoring to concrete; development and splicing of reinforcement; construction document information; field inspection and testing; and methods to evaluate the strength of existing structures. “Building Code Requirements for Concrete Thin Shells” (ACI 318.
23、2) is adopted by reference in this Code.The Code user will find that ACI 318-14 has been substantially reorganized and reformatted from previous editions. The principal objectives of this reorganization are to present all design and detailing requirements for structural systems or for indi-vidual me
24、mbers in chapters devoted to those individual subjects, and to arrange the chapters in a manner that generally follows the process and chronology of design and construction. Information and procedures that are common to the design of members are located in utility chapters.The quality and testing of
25、 materials used in construction are covered by reference to the appropriate ASTM standard speci-fications. Welding of reinforcement is covered by reference to the appropriate American Welding Society (AWS) standard.Uses of the Code include adoption by reference in a general building code, and earlie
26、r editions have been widely used in this manner. The Code is written in a format that allows such reference without change to its language. Therefore, background details or suggestions for carrying out the requirements or intent of the Code provisions cannot be included within the Code itself. The C
27、ommentary is provided for this purpose.Some of the considerations of the committee in developing the Code are discussed within the Commentary, with emphasis given to the explanation of new or revised provisions. Much of the research data referenced in preparing the Code is cited for the user desirin
28、g to study individual questions in greater detail. Other documents that provide suggestions for carrying out the requirements of the Code are also cited.Technical changes from ACI 318-11 to ACI 318-14 are outlined in the May 2014 issue of Concrete International.Transition keys showing how the code w
29、as reorganized are provided on the ACI website on the 318 Resource Page under Topics in Concrete.KEYWORDSadmixtures; aggregates; anchorage (structural); beam-column frame; beams (supports); building codes; cements; cold weather construction; columns (supports); combined stress; composite constructio
30、n (concrete and steel); composite construc-tion (concrete to concrete); compressive strength; concrete construction; concrete slabs; concretes; construction joints; conti-nuity (structural); construction documents; contraction joints; cover; curing; deep beams; deflections; earthquake-resistant stru
31、ctures; embedded service ducts; flexural strength; floors; folded plates; footings; formwork (construction); frames; hot weather construction; inspection; isolation joints; joints (junctions); joists; lightweight concretes; load tests (structural); loads (forces); materials; mixing; mixture proporti
32、oning; modulus of elasticity; moments; pipe columns; pipes (tubing); placing; plain concrete; precast concrete; prestressed concrete; prestressing steels; quality control; reinforced concrete; reinforcing steels; roofs; serviceability; shear strength; shear walls; shells (structural forms); spans; s
33、plicing; strength; strength analysis; stresses; structural analysis; structural concrete; structural design; structural integrity; T-beams; torsion; walls; water; welded wire reinforcement.NOTES FROM THE PUBLISHERACI Committee Reports, Guides, and Commentaries are intended for guidance in planning,
34、designing, executing, and inspecting construction. This commentary (318RM-14) is intended for the use of individuals who are competent to evaluate the significance and limitations of its content and recommendations and who will accept responsibility for the application of the information it contains
35、. ACI disclaims any and all responsibility for the stated principles. The Institute shall not be liable for any loss or damage arising there from. Reference to this commentary shall not be made in construction documents. If items found in this commentary are desired by the Architect/ Engineer to be
36、a part of the construction documents, they shall be restated in mandatory language for incorporation by the Architect/Engineer.The materials, processes, quality control measures, and inspections described in this document should be tested, monitored, or performed as applicable only by individuals ho
37、lding the appropriate ACI Certification or equivalent.ACI 318M-14, Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete, and ACI 318RM-14, Commentary, are presented in a side-by-side column format. These are two separate but coordinated documents, with Code text placed in the left column and the corre
38、sponding Commentary text aligned in the right column. Commentary section numbers are preceded by an “R” to further distinguish them from Code section numbers.The two documents are bound together solely for the users convenience. Each document carries a separate enforceable and distinct copyright.Ame
39、rican Concrete Institute Copyrighted Material www.concrete.orgBUILDING CODE REQUIREMENTS FOR STRUCTURAL CONCRETE (ACI 318M-14) AND COMMENTARY (ACI 318RM-14) 3INTRODUCTIONThis Commentary discusses some of the considerations of Committee 318 in developing the provisions contained in “Building Code Req
40、uirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318-14),” hereinafter called the Code or the 2014 Code. Emphasis is given to the explanation of new or revised provisions that may be unfamiliar to Code users. In addition, comments are included for some items contained in previous editions of the Code to make
41、the present commentary inde-pendent of the previous editions. Comments on specific provisions are made under the corresponding chapter and section numbers of the Code.The Commentary is not intended to provide a complete historical background concerning the development of the Code, nor is it intended
42、 to provide a detailed rsum of the studies and research data reviewed by the committee in formulating the provisions of the Code. However, references to some of the research data are provided for those who wish to study the background material in depth. As the name implies, “Building Code Requiremen
43、ts for Structural Concrete” is meant to be used as part of a legally adopted building code and as such must differ in form and substance from documents that provide detailed specifica-tions, recommended practice, complete design procedures, or design aids.The Code is intended to cover all buildings
44、of the usual types, both large and small. Requirements more stringent than the Code provisions may be desirable for unusual construction. The Code and Commentary cannot replace sound engineering knowledge, experience, and judgment.A building code states only the minimum requirements necessary to pro
45、vide for public health and safety. The Code is based on this principle. For any structure, the owner or the licensed design professional may require the quality of materials and construction to be higher than the minimum requirements necessary to protect the public as stated in the Code. However, lo
46、wer standards are not permitted.The Commentary directs attention to other documents that provide suggestions for carrying out the requirements and intent of the Code. However, those documents and the Commentary are not a part of the Code.The Code has no legal status unless it is adopted by the gover
47、nment bodies having the police power to regulate building design and construction. Where the Code has not been adopted, it may serve as a reference to good practice even though it has no legal status.The Code provides a means of establishing minimum standards for acceptance of designs and constructi
48、on by legally appointed building officials or their designated repre-sentatives. The Code and Commentary are not intended for use in settling disputes between the owner, engineer, archi-tect, contractor, or their agents, subcontractors, material suppliers, or testing agencies. Therefore, the Code ca
49、nnot define the contract responsibility of each of the parties in usual construction. General references requiring compli-ance with the Code in the project specifications should be avoided since the contractor is rarely in a position to accept responsibility for design details or construction require-ments that depend on a detailed knowledge of the design. Design-build construction contractors, however, typically combine the design and construction responsibility. Gener-ally, the contract documents should contain all of the neces-sary requirements to ensure compliance with the
