1、ACI 346-09Reported by ACI Committee 346Specification forCast-in-Place Concrete PipeAn ACI StandardSpecification for Cast-in-Place Concrete PipeFirst PrintingAugust 2009ISBN 978-0-87031-336-3American Concrete InstituteAdvancing concrete knowledgeCopyright by the American Concrete Institute, Farmingto
2、n Hills, MI. All rights reserved. This materialmay not be reproduced or copied, in whole or part, in any printed, mechanical, electronic, film, or otherdistribution and storage media, without the written consent of ACI.The technical committees responsible for ACI committee reports and standards stri
3、ve to avoid ambiguities,omissions, and errors in these documents. In spite of these efforts, the users of ACI documents occasionallyfind information or requirements that may be subject to more than one interpretation or may beincomplete or incorrect. Users who have suggestions for the improvement of
4、 ACI documents arerequested to contact ACI. Proper use of this document includes periodically checking for errata atwww.concrete.org/committees/errata.asp for the most up-to-date revisions.ACI committee documents are intended for the use of individuals who are competent to evaluate thesignificance a
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8、d with its use. ACI does not make any representations with regard tohealth and safety issues and the use of this document. The user must determine the applicability of allregulatory limitations before applying the document and must comply with all applicable laws and regulations,including but not li
9、mited to, United States Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) healthand safety standards.Order information: ACI documents are available in print, by download, on CD-ROM, through electronicsubscription, or reprint and may be obtained by contacting ACI.Most ACI standards and committee r
10、eports are gathered together in the annually revised ACI Manual ofConcrete Practice (MCP).American Concrete Institute38800 Country Club DriveFarmington Hills, MI 48331U.S.A.Phone: 248-848-3700Fax: 248-848-3701www.concrete.orgACI 346-09 supersedes ACI 346-01 and was adopted and published August 2009.
11、Copyright 2009, American Concrete Institute.All rights reserved including rights of reproduction and use in any form or by anymeans, including the making of copies by any photo process, or by electronic ormechanical device, printed, written, or oral, or recording for sound or visual reproduc-tion or
12、 for use in any knowledge or retrieval system or device, unless permission inwriting is obtained from the copyright proprietors.346-1ACI Committee Reports, Guides, Manuals, StandardPractices, and Commentaries are intended for guidance inplanning, designing, executing, and inspecting construction.Thi
13、s Commentary is intended for the use of individuals whoare competent to evaluate the significance and limitations of itscontent and recommendations and who will acceptresponsibility for the application of the material it contains.The American Concrete Institute disclaims any and allresponsibility fo
14、r the stated principles. The Institute shall notbe liable for any loss or damage arising therefrom.Reference to this Commentary shall not be made in contractdocuments. If items found in this document are desired by thelicensed design professional to be a part of the contractdocuments, they shall be
15、restated in mandatory language.ACI 346-09The Architect/Engineer can make this specification applicable to anyproject by citing it in the Project Specification. Supplements can be madeby designating or specifying individual project requirements as needed.This document must be used in conjunction with
16、 ACI 301. Inclusion of thisdocument in a Project Specification, with mandatory checklist items, willprovide necessary default values for mandatory checklist items in ACI 301.Keywords: cast-in-place concrete pipe (CIPCP); circumferential cracking;concrete pipe; longitudinal cracking; no-joint pipe.CO
17、NTENTS(mandatory portion follows)Part 1General, p. 346-11.1Scope1.2Definitions1.3Referenced standards1.4System description1.5SubmittalsPart 2Products, p. 346-22.1MaterialsPart 3Execution, p. 346-33.1Preparation3.2Construction3.3Repair3.4Field quality control(nonmandatory portion follows)Notes to Spe
18、cifier, p. 346-4General notesForeword to Checklists, p. 346-4Mandatory Requirements Checklist, p. 346-5Optional Requirements Checklist, p. 346-5Submittals Checklist, p. 346-6(mandatory portion follows)PART 1GENERAL1.1Scope1.1.1 This specification covers construction of earth-supported cast-in-place
19、concrete pipe (CIPCP). This specifi-cation covers construction of CIPCP with a diameter up to120 in.1.1.2 CIPCP shall conform to ACI 301, Section 1 forgeneral concrete requirements, Section 4 for concretemixture design, and Section 5 for concrete handling or asspecified in Contract Documents.1.2Defi
20、nitionsThis list supplements ACI 301, Section 1.2. Defined forgeneral use in these specifications are the following:backfillfill starting at top of pipe and continuing tosurface or finished grade or subgrade.bouldersrocks having any dimension larger than 12 in.Contract Documentsa set of documents su
21、pplied byOwner to Contractor as the basis for construction; thesedocuments contain contract forms, contract conditions,specifications, drawings, addenda, and contract changes.differential displacementlinear offset distance betweentwo pieces of pipe measured along plane of crack.earthsoil or rock oth
22、er than flowable granular materials.jettingwater densification of backfill accomplished bythe use of a jet pipe to which a hose is attached, carrying acontinuous supply of water under pressure to the lift ofbackfill material to be densified.Dale V. Anderson Keith Jolly Anthony M. Sorcic James M. Wil
23、lsonRobert D. Gofonia Alfred L. Kaufman, Jr. Patrick L. StiehrCurtiss W. GilleyChairEric T. MoranSecretarySpecification for Cast-in-Place Concrete PipeAn ACI StandardReported by ACI Committee 346346-2 ACI STANDARDmetal finishfinish imparted to interior of pipe bycasting machine and hand-troweling de
24、vices manufacturedfrom metal.offset tolerancesdifference in pipe thickness, trans-verse and longitudinal, resulting from metal form used incasting process.over excavationprocess by which material unsuitablefor CIPCP is removed and replaced with engineered fill priorto trench excavation.pipe haunchei
25、ther side of pipe, extending to a pointvertically approximately 25 degrees above springline.repairprocess by which cracks and defects in concretesurfaces are corrected to bring pipe into conformance withthis specification.sensitive claysclays with an undisturbed strength that isat least 10 times gre
26、ater than remolded or reworked strength.soffituppermost portion of inside cross section of pipe.trenchan excavation in ground engineered for placementof pipe.trench formsemicircular bed of trench shaped to providefull, firm, and continuous support throughout the bottom ofthe pipe from pipe haunch to
27、 pipe haunch.trench form envelopearea of soil adjacent to and underpipe, required to provide lateral support and bedding supportneeded for CIPCP.trench gradedesign invert elevation minus wallthickness of pipe.1.3Referenced standards1.3.1 ACI standards301-05 Standard Specifications for Structural Con
28、crete1.3.2 ASTM standardsA615-03 Standard Specification for Deformed and PlainBillet-Steel Bars for Concrete ReinforcementC171-07 Standard Specification for Sheet Materials forCuring ConcreteC309-07 Standard Specification for Liquid Membrane-Forming Compounds for Curing ConcreteC497-05 Standard Test
29、 Methods for Concrete Pipe,Manhole Sections, or TileD698-07e1Standard Test Methods for Laboratory Compac-tion Characteristics of Soil Using StandardEffort (12,400 ft-lbf/ft3(600 kN-m/m3)1.4System descriptionCIPCP shall be constructed underground as a continuousconcrete conduit that has no steel rein
30、forcement or seamsexcept as specified. CIPCP is used to convey irrigationwater, storm water, or industrial waste under a maximuminternal operating head of 15 ft and external loads as subse-quently discussed.1.5Submittals1.5.1 Pipe geometry reportsPipe dimensions shall be asspecified in Table 1.5.1.
31、When a design differs fromTable 1.5.1, provide a pipe geometry report. Report shallspecify inside and outside dimensions and include minimumwall thickness and additional sacrificial thickness needed forabrasion.1.5.2 Concrete mixtureSubmit a concrete mixture reportas specified in ACI 301.1.5.3 Test
32、reportsSubmit a test report of results andrecommendations when load testing, as specified in 3.4.1, orhydrostatic testing, as specified in 3.4.2, is required inContract Documents.1.5.4 SealantsSubmit sealant material when repair ofcircumferential cracks as specified in 3.3.2, or longitudinalcracks a
33、s specified in 3.3.3, is required in Contract Documents.1.5.5 Quality assuranceSubmit a quality assurance planthat addresses pipe geometry, concrete mixture, concretecuring process, geotechnical conditions, test reports, andrepair methods as required by the Contract Documents.PART 2PRODUCTS2.1Materi
34、als2.1.1 Concrete2.1.1.1 SlumpSlump shall be within limits shown inTable 2.1.1.1.2.1.1.2 Compressive strengthfc shall not be less than4000 psi except for irrigation pipe, which shall not be lessthan 3000 psi, unless specified otherwise.2.1.1.3 Sulfate resistanceWhen sulfate resistance isrequired, th
35、e concrete mixture shall be proportioned asspecified in the Contract Documents.2.1.2 Reinforcement dowelDowel shall be ASTM A615Grade 40 or greater.2.1.3 SealantChemically cured elastomeric material asspecified in the Contract Documents.2.1.4 Polyethylene filmPolyethylene film complyingwith ASTM C17
36、1 with the exception, nominal thickness of0.0015 in.2.1.5 Curing compoundPigmented membrane curingcompound shall conform to ASTM C309.Table 1.5.1Pipe dimensionsPipe diameter, in. Wall thickness, in.24, 27, and 30 336 3.542 448 554 5.560 666 6.572 778 7.584 890 8.596 9102 10108 10.5114 11120 12SPECIF
37、ICATION FOR CAST-IN-PLACE CONCRETE PIPE 346-3PART 3EXECUTION3.1Preparation3.1.1 Trench3.1.1.1 ExcavationExcavate trench to establish gradeand alignment. Trench shall be shaped to outside diameter ofpipe to provide trench form. Trench form shall provide a full,firm, and continuous support by undistur
38、bed earth, rock, orcompacted fill. Trench form shall be stable and free ofprotrusions, mud, debris, and running water. Maintain trenchform moisture in a manner such that water does not escapethe wet concrete. Remove boulders projecting into the trenchto at least 6 in. beyond trench form. Fill the re
39、sulting void inaccordance with 3.1.1.3 or with concrete.3.1.1.2 Unstable soilsStabilize or over excavatenoncohesive, unstable strata, or lenses of loose sand, silt, orother noncohesive soils within trench form. Reconstruct asengineered fill.3.1.1.2.a Sensitive clays in trench form shall bestabilized
40、 or over excavated and trench form reconstructedas engineered fill.3.1.1.3 Trench repairReconstitute the grade by fillingvoids with sand, pea gravel, crushed rock, or noncohesivesoil. Compact material used to reconstitute the grade to aminimum of 95% maximum dry density in accordance withASTM D698,
41、unless specified otherwise.3.1.1.4 Backfill materialIn-place backfill materialshall meet compaction requirement, as specified in ContractDocuments.3.2Construction3.2.1 Tolerances and geometry3.2.1.1 Horizontal and vertical alignment3.2.1.1.a GradeDeparture from and return to a gradeshall not exceed
42、1 in. per 10 linear ft. Maximum departureshall be limited to 1-1/2 in.3.2.1.1.b AlignmentDeparture from and return toestablished alignment shall not exceed 2 in. per 10 linear ft.Maximum departure shall be limited to 4 in.3.2.1.2 Wall thicknessWall thickness shall be asshown in Table 1.5.1. Grade an
43、d alignment shall becontrolled so that pipe wall thickness is uniform. Wall thick-ness tolerance is 0 and +0.07 the inside diameter.3.2.1.3 Pipe diameter tolerancesinside diameter ofpipe at any point shall not be less than 98% of design diameter.3.2.1.4 Offset tolerancesOffset tolerances shall be as
44、indicated in Table 3.2.1.4.3.2.2 Concrete placement3.2.2.1 Placement methodConstruct the pipe mono-lithically. Concrete shall be vibrated, rammed, tamped, orworked until thoroughly consolidated. Sufficiently wet soiladjacent to the pipe so that it does not absorb water from theconcrete or expand upo
45、n additional wetting.3.2.2.2 Construction joint3.2.2.2.a Cold jointAt the end of concrete placementor any stoppage requiring a casting machine to pull awayfrom pipe construction, leave the pipe end in a rough conditionat a slope of approximately 45 degrees from soffit to invert,with 24 in. long No.
46、4 reinforcement dowels embeddedaround the pipe circumference as specified. Place the dowelsat 12 in. intervals for pipe sizes up to 72 in. in diameter andat 18 in. intervals for pipe sizes 78 to 120 in. in diameter. Within30 minutes before pipe casting resumes, thoroughly clean thepipe end surface o
47、f foreign materials, coatings, and loose ordefective concrete and thoroughly wet the surface. Cast a tie-incap over the joint across the top of pipe from trench wall totrench wall. The tie-in cap shall be a minimum length of 24 in.and centered over the joint. Thickness shall be 1.5 times the wallthi
48、ckness, as indicated in Table 1.5.1.3.2.2.2.b CollarMake the joint for connections toanother pipe or structure by squaring off the end of theCICIP. Excavate the trench form along the sides and bottomof pipe to permit casting of concrete collar. Collar shall be aminimum length of 24 in. and centered
49、on joint. Collar thick-ness shall be 1.5 times wall thickness shown in Table 1.5.1.Collar shall extend around the full circumference of pipe.3.2.2.3 FinishInterior surface of pipe shall receive ametal finish.3.2.3 Curing, backfilling, and cleanup3.2.3.1 CuringUse one of the methods specified in3.2.3.2 for exterior curing and use the method specified in3.2.3.3 for interior curing of the pipe.3.2.3.2 Exterior curingThe pipe shall be cured bypolyethylene film or pigmented membrane-curing methods.3.2.3.2.a Polyethylene film
