1、ACI 440.6M-08Reported by ACI Committee 440Specification for Carbon and GlassFiber-Reinforced Polymer BarMaterials for Concrete ReinforcementAn ACI StandardSpecification for Carbon and Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Bar Materials for Concrete ReinforcementFirst PrintingJuly 2008ISBN 978-0-87031-290-8
2、American Concrete InstituteAdvancing concrete knowledgeCopyright by the American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI. All rights reserved. This materialmay not be reproduced or copied, in whole or part, in any printed, mechanical, electronic, film, or otherdistribution and storage media, withou
3、t the written consent of ACI.The technical committees responsible for ACI committee reports and standards strive to avoid ambiguities,omissions, and errors in these documents. In spite of these efforts, the users of ACI documents occasionallyfind information or requirements that may be subject to mo
4、re than one interpretation or may beincomplete or incorrect. Users who have suggestions for the improvement of ACI documents arerequested to contact ACI. Proper use of this document includes periodically checking for errata atwww.concrete.org/committees/errata.asp for the most up-to-date revisions.A
5、CI committee documents are intended for the use of individuals who are competent to evaluate thesignificance and limitations of its content and recommendations and who will accept responsibility for theapplication of the material it contains. Individuals who use this publication in any way assume al
6、l risk andaccept total responsibility for the application and use of this information.All information in this publication is provided “as is” without warranty of any kind, either express or implied,including but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability, fitness for a particular purp
7、ose ornon-infringement.ACI and its members disclaim liability for damages of any kind, including any special, indirect, incidental,or consequential damages, including without limitation, lost revenues or lost profits, which may resultfrom the use of this publication.It is the responsibility of the u
8、ser of this document to establish health and safety practices appropriate tothe specific circumstances involved with its use. ACI does not make any representations with regard tohealth and safety issues and the use of this document. The user must determine the applicability of allregulatory limitati
9、ons before applying the document and must comply with all applicable laws and regulations,including but not limited to, United States Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) healthand safety standards.Order information: ACI documents are available in print, by download, on CD-ROM, throu
10、gh electronicsubscription, or reprint and may be obtained by contacting ACI.Most ACI standards and committee reports are gathered together in the annually revised ACI Manual ofConcrete Practice (MCP).American Concrete Institute38800 Country Club DriveFarmington Hills, MI 48331U.S.A.Phone: 248-848-37
11、00Fax: 248-848-3701www.concrete.orgACI 440.6M-08 was adopted April 30, 2008, and published June 2008.Copyright 2008, American Concrete Institute.All rights reserved including rights of reproduction and use in any form or by anymeans, including the making of copies by any photo process, or by electro
12、nic ormechanical device, printed, written, or oral, or recording for sound or visual reproductionor for use in any knowledge or retrieval system or device, unless permission in writingis obtained from the copyright proprietors.440.6M-1Specification for Carbon and Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Bar M
13、aterials for Concrete ReinforcementAn ACI StandardReported by ACI Committee 440ACI 440.6M-08This Material Specification covers provisions governing testing, evaluation,and acceptance of carbon and glass fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) barsused as reinforcement for concrete.Keywords: carbon fiber; con
14、crete; concrete construction; FRP reinforcedconcrete; fiber-reinforced polymer reinforcement; glass fiber; specification.CONTENTSSection 1Scope, p. 440.6-2Section 2Referenced documents, p. 440.6-2Section 3Terminology, p. 440.6-2Section 4Classification, p. 440.6-2Section 5Ordering information, p. 440
15、.6-3Section 6Materials and manufacture, p. 440.6-3Sections 7Physical properties, p. 440.6-3Section 8Mechanical properties, p. 440.6-4Section 9Durability properties, p. 440.6-4Section 10Other requirements, p. 440.6-5Section 11Sampling, p. 440.6-5Section 12Rejection, p. 440.6-5Section 13Product certif
16、ication, p. 440.6-5Section 14Markings, p. 440.6-6Tarek Alkhrdaji Russell Gentry James G. Korff Andrea ProtaCharles E. Bakis Janos Gergely Michael W. Lee Hayder A. RasheedLawrence C. Bank*William J. Gold Maria Lopez de Murphy Sami H. RizkallaAbdeldjelil Belarbi Nabil F. Grace Ibrahim M. Mahfouz Morri
17、s SchupackBrahim Benmokrane Mark F. Green Orange S. Marshall Rajan SenLuke A. Bisby Zareh B. Gregorian Amir Mirmiran Khaled A. SoudkiGregg J. Blaszak Doug D. Gremel*Ayman S. Mosallam Samuel A. Steere III*Timothy E. Bradberry*Shawn P. Gross John J. Myers Gamil S. TadrosGordon L. Brown Jr. H. R. (Trey
18、) Hamilton III Antonio NanniJay A. ThomasVicki L. Brown Issam E. Harik Kenneth Neale Houssam A. ToutanjiRaafat El-Hacha Kent A. Harries John P. Newhook J. Gustavo TumialanGarth J. Fallis*Mark P. Henderson*Ayman M. Okeil Milan VatovecAmir Z. Fam Bohdan N. Horeczko Carlos E. Ospina*Stephanie L. Walkup
19、Edward R. Fyfe Vistasp M. Karbhari Max L. Porter David WhiteJohn P. BuselChairCarol K. Shield*Secretary*Contributing authors.Task group Chair.The committee also thanks Nick Carino, Bernard Drouin, Jack Lesko, and Renato Parretti for their contributions.440.6M-2 ACI STANDARDSECTION 1SCOPE1.1 This spe
20、cification describes permitted constituentmaterials, limits on constituent volumes, and minimumperformance requirements for carbon and glass fiber-reinforcedpolymer (FRP) bars to be used as reinforcement fornonprestressed concrete.1.2 Only carbon and glass FRP bars are covered by thisspecification.1
21、.3 FRP bars made of more than one fiber type (hybridFRP) are not covered by this specification.1.4 Pultruded FRP bars with no external surface enhancement(that is, plain or smooth bars) to facilitate bond with concreteare not covered by this specification. Similarly, hollow FRPbars are not considere
22、d due to lack of documented perfor-mance as reinforcement for concrete.1.5 Plain FRP bars used as dowels (that is, devices thattransfer shear across concrete joints) where the intendedfunction requires slip of the dowel are not covered by thisspecification.1.6 This specification does not cover prema
23、nufacturedgrids and gratings made with FRP materials. FRP matsresulting from assembly of deformed FRP bars, however, arecovered by this document.1.7 This specification does not cover FRP bars when usedfor external and near-surface-mounted strengtheningapplications.1.8 The text of this specification
24、references notes and foot-notes that provide explanatory material. These notes andfootnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not beconsidered as requirements of the specification.SECTION 2REFERENCED DOCUMENTS2.1ASTM standardsA615/A615M-08a Standard Specification for Deformedand Plain Ca
25、rbon-Steel Bars forConcrete ReinforcementC904-01(2006) Standard Terminology Relating toChemical-Resistant Nonmetallic MaterialsD570-98(2005) Standard Test Method for WaterAbsorption of PlasticsD2584-02 Standard Test Method for Ignition Lossof Cured Reinforced ResinsD3171-06 Standard Test Methods for
26、 ConstituentContent of Composite MaterialsD4475-02(2008) Standard Test Method for ApparentHorizontal Shear Strength of PultrudedReinforced Plastic Rods by the Short-Beam MethodD5117-03 Standard Test Method for Dye Penetra-tion of Solid Fiberglass ReinforcedPultruded StockD5229/ Standard Test Method
27、for MoistureD5229M-92(2004) Absorption Properties and EquilibriumConditioning of Polymer MatrixComposite MaterialsD7205/ Standard Test Method for TensileD7205M-06 Properties of Fiber Reinforced PolymerMatrix Composite BarsE1356-03 Standard Test Method for Assignment ofthe Glass Transition Temperatur
28、es byDifferential Scanning CalorimetryE1640-04 Standard Test Method for Assignment ofthe Glass Transition Temperature byDynamic Mechanical Analysis2.2ACI reportThe following test methods from ACI 440.3R,*“GuideTest Methods for Fiber-Reinforced Polymers (FRPs) forReinforcing or Strengthening Concrete
29、 Structures,” arereferenced. Because these test methods are not written inmandatory language, purchaser and manufacturer shall agreeon the protocols to be used.B.3 Test method for bond strength of FRP bars by pullouttestingB.4 Test method for transverse shear strength of FRP barsB.5 Test method for
30、strength of FRP bent bars and stirrupsat bend locationsB.6 Accelerated test method for alkali resistance of FRPbarsB.12 Test method for determining the effect of corner radiuson tensile strength of FRP barsSECTION 3TERMINOLOGY3.1DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in this specification, refer t
31、oASTM C904.3.2Definitions of terms specific to this specificationcommercial-grade materiala material formulated forand used in industrial (not consumer) applications.production lotany lot of FRP bar produced from start tofinish with the same constituent materials used in the sameproportions without
32、changing any production parameter,such as cure temperature or line speed.property, guaranteeda characteristic value provided bythe manufacturer no greater than the mean minus threestandard deviations of at least the required number of samplestested according to a specified test method. This definiti
33、on isapplicable to tensile strength, shear strength (perpendicular tothe bar), bond strength, and strength of bent bars.property, nominala value provided by the manufac-turer no greater than the mean of at least the required numberof samples tested according to a specified method. This defi-nition i
34、s applicable to tensile elastic modulus, moistureabsorption, and resistance to alkaline environment.SECTION 4CLASSIFICATION4.1 FRP bars shall be classified according to fiber composi-tion with the first letter of the acronym designating fibertype as follows:CFRP: carbon fiber-reinforced polymer barG
35、FRP: glass fiber-reinforced polymer bar*ACI Committee 440, 2004, “Guide Test Methods for Fiber-Reinforced Polymers(FRPs) for Reinforcing or Strengthening Concrete Structures (ACI 440.3R-04),”American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, 40 pp.SPECIFICATION FOR CARBON AND GLASS FRP BAR MATERIALS
36、 FOR CONCRETE REINFORCEMENT 440.6M-3SECTION 5ORDERING INFORMATION5.1 The purchaser shall specify the following:The classification of bar (see Note 1);The method for creating the deformed bar surface;The bar size;The bar length; andFor bent bars, the shape of the bend, the radius of thebend, and the
37、length of the legs.(Note 1The bar classificationCFRP or GFRPcorre-sponds to given constituents and the minimum mechanicalproperties in this specification.)SECTION 6MATERIALS AND MANUFACTURE6.1FibersFibers shall be in the form of unidirectional rovings (glassfibers) or unidirectional tows (carbon fib
38、ers) of given sizeand mass (see Note 2). Fiber sizings and coupling agents shallbe compatible with the resin system used to impregnate them.(Note 2The fiber type and fiber amount determine thephysical and mechanical properties of the FRP bar.)6.2Matrix resins6.2.1 Vinylester and epoxy resin systems
39、are permittedprovided the finished product meets the physical anddurability requirements of this specification. Blending ofvinylester and epoxy resins is permitted.6.2.2 The base polymer in the resin system shall notcontain any polyester.6.2.3 Styrene is permitted to be added to the polymer resindur
40、ing processing. Added styrene shall be less than 10% bymass of the polymer resin. The amount of styrene, as a masspercentage of the polymer resin, added during processingshall be reported.6.2.4 Constituent content of resin shall be determined byASTM D3171.6.3Fillers and additives6.3.1 Only commercia
41、l-grade inorganic fillers such askaolin clay, calcium carbonate, and alumina trihydrate arepermitted, and shall not exceed 20% by mass of the polymerresin constituent.6.3.2 Only commercial-grade additives and process aids,such as release agents, low-profile shrink additives, initiators,promoters, ha
42、rdeners, catalysts, pigments, fire retardants,and ultraviolet inhibitors are permitted and depend on theprocessing method. Shrink additives, if used, shall be lessthan 10% by mass of the polymer resin.6.3.3 Only commercial-grade inorganic or organicnonwoven surfacing mats or veils are permitted.6.4M
43、anufacturing process6.4.1 The manufacturer shall produce FRP bars usingvariations of the pultrusion process.6.4.2 Process or material modifications are not permittedduring the production of a single lot.6.4.3 The manufacturer shall document the process usedand report the date of production and produ
44、ction lot size.SECTION 7PHYSICAL PROPERTIES7.1Fiber contentThe fiber content shall be measured by ASTM D3171 orD2584. When ASTM D3171 is used, fiber content shall notbe less than 55% by volume. When ASTM D2584 is used,fiber content shall not be less than the fraction by mass corre-sponding to 55% by
45、 volume. The manufacturer shall reportthe fiber content of the end product by volume or by mass inaccordance with the method used.7.2Glass transition temperatureThe glass transition temperature Tgof the resin shall not beless than 100 C (see Note 3). The glass transition tempera-ture shall be measur
46、ed on a coupon cut from the as-producedbar using either the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)method in ASTM E1356 or the dynamic mechanical analysis(DMA) method in ASTM E1640. When using the DSCmethod, test results for both the first scan (according toASTM E1356) and the second scan shall be r
47、eported.(Note 3This temperature does not represent the maximumpermitted service temperature, and is intended for purchasersquality assurance only. ACI 440.1R*does not currentlydesignate maximum service temperatures of FRP bars. Indi-vidual manufacturers should be consulted to determine theappropriat
48、e maximum service temperature for each product.)7.3Bar sizes7.3.1 Only FRP bars of solid round or elliptical cross-section shape are allowed.7.3.2 The size of FRP bars shall be consistent with standardsizes for steel reinforcing bars given in ASTM A615/A615Mand as listed in Table 7.1.7.3.3 The calcu
49、lated diameter of an FRP bar is equivalentto that of a smooth round bar having the same area as theFRP bar measured by ASTM D7205/D7205M.7.3.4 When the FRP bar is of elliptical shape, the minimumand maximum outside dimensions of the bar cross sectionshall be provided in addition to the calculated diameter.The calculated diameter of elliptical FRP bars is equivalentto that of a solid round bar having the same cross-sectionalarea as determined according to ASTM D7205/D7205M.*ACI Committee 440, 2006, “Guide for the Design and Construction of Structu
