1、COPYRIGHT ACI International (American Concrete Institute)Licensed by Information Handling ServicesComposite and Hybrid Systems Editors Riyad S. Aboutaha Joseph M. Bracci A international- SP- 196 Dedicated to a leader in Engineering Practice and Education -Walter P. Moore, Jr. COPYRIGHT ACI Internati
2、onal (American Concrete Institute)Licensed by Information Handling ServicesDISCUSSION of individual papers in this symposium may be submitted in accordance with general requirements of the AC1 Publication Policy to AC1 headquarters at the address given below. Closing date for submission of discussio
3、n is May 1, 2001. All discussion approved by the Technical Activities Committee along with closing remarks by the authors will be published in the September/October 2001 issue of either AC1 Structural Journal or AC1 Materials Journal depending on the subject emphasis of the individual paper. The Ins
4、titute is not responsible for the statements or opinions expressed in its publications. Institute publications are not able to, nor intended to, supplant individual training, responsibility, or judgment of the user, or the supplier, of the information presented. The papers in this volume have been r
5、eviewed under Institute publication procedures by individuals expert in the subject areas of the papers. Copyright O 2000 AMERICAN CONCRETE INSTITUTE P.O. Box 9094 Farmington Hills, Michigan 48333-9094 All rights reserved including rights of reproduction and use in any form or by any means, includin
6、g the making of copies by any photo process, or by any electronic or mechanical device, printed or written or oral, or recording for sound or visual reproduction or for use in any knowledge or retrieval system or device, unless permission in writing is obtained from the copyright proprietors. Cover
7、Photo: “Relocating beam plastic hinge region by use of headed bars.” Courtesy of Riyad S. Aboutaha Printed in the United States of America Editorial production: *” omas Library of Congress catalog card number: 00-108802 COPYRIGHT ACI International (American Concrete Institute)Licensed by Information
8、 Handling ServicesPREFACE This special publication is in memory of the late professor Walter P. Moore, Jr., a pioneer structural engineer in composite systems, and a leading structural engi- neering educator. The first paper in this publication documents his professional career and highlights his co
9、ntributions in the design and construction of composite systems. In 1998, AC1 Committee 335, Composite and Hybrid Systems, sponsored four technical sessions in Houston, Texas, and Los Angeles, California. The papers presented in these sessions covered a wide range of practical case studies and resea
10、rch projects on steel-concrete and polymer-concrete composite systems. These papers should be of interest to practicing engineers, educators, and researchers in that they demonstrate the effective use of different materials for the construction of composite structures. Bahram Shahrooz was chairman o
11、f AC1 Committee 335 when ths venture was proposed, and at the time of the sessions. Riyad S. Aboutaha, Joseph M. Bracci, Gajanan M. Sabnis, and Sam X. Ya0 served as moderators for these sessions. Acknowledgments The editors would like to thank the authors and presenters for their contribu- tions to
12、the four technical sessions and this volume, the reviewers of the original manuscripts for their constructive comments and suggestions, and the AC1 staff for their great help in organizing the sessions and preparing this special publication. Special thanks are also due to the members of AC1 Committe
13、e 335 for their sup- port of this project. Riyad S. Aboutaha Joseph M. Bracci Editors COPYRIGHT ACI International (American Concrete Institute)Licensed by Information Handling ServicesCONTENTS In Tribute to Walter P. Moore, Jr.-A Leader in Composite Building Design and Engineering Education by L. W.
14、 Slade 1 Analytical Modeling of Through Beam Connection Detail by A. Elremaily and A. Azizinamini 5 Advanced Composites for the Navy Waterfront Infrastructure by L. J. Malvar . 17 Comparison of ACI, AISC, and Basic Methods for CFTs by B. M. Shahrooz and W. Zhang 29 An Experimental Evaluation of High
15、-Strength Square CFT Columns by A. H. Varma, J. M. Ricles, R. Sause, B. K. Hull, and L. W. Lu . 51 Push-Out Behavior of Rectangular Concrete-Filled Steel Tubes by M. A. Parsley, J. A, Yura, and J. O. Jirsa 87 Equivalent Damping Factor of Composite RCS Frames by H. Kuramoto and I. Nishiyama . 109 Sho
16、uld I Use AC1 3 18 or LRFD for Designing Composite Columns? by R. W. Furlong . 125 Study of Structural Safety of Reinforced Concrete Flexural and Compression Members by S. A. Mirza 141 Behavior of a New Steel-Concrete Hybrid Frame System by R. S. Aboutaha 175 Hybrid RC Frame-Steel Wall Systems by Y,
17、 L. Mo and S. F. Perng 189 V Previous page is blank COPYRIGHT ACI International (American Concrete Institute)Licensed by Information Handling ServicesSTD=ACI SP-LSb-ENGL 2000 Obb2SqS 055qbbL 33T m In Tribute to Walter P. Moore, Jr. A Leader in Composite Building Design and Engineering Education by L
18、ee W. Slade, P.E. Walter P. Moore, Jr., Ph.D., PE, NAE, was an internationally-respected structural engineer and educator who left a deep imprint on the way that major buildings are designed and on the way that students are educated to design them. He designed a broad spectrum of major buildings thr
19、oughout the United States and was an industry leader in the incorporation of composite technologies into important structures. He advocated the combination of structural steel and reinforced concrete into composite elements that were superior in performance, economy, and constructability. Dr. Moore
20、also taught a generation of designers how to collaborate and embrace new technologies and new materials. For 40 years Walter P. Moore, Jr. was associated with Walter P. Moore and Associates, Inc., the Houston-based structural and civil engineering practice that his father established in 193 l. As Pr
21、esident and Chairman of the firm from 1975 until 1995, Dr. Moore expanded the horizons of the firm and helped it establish a reputation as a national leader in the design of high-rise buildings and sports facilities. Dr. Moore personally designed a number of award-winning buildings including the soa
22、ring steel cantilevered amphitheater at Miller Outdoor Theater in Houstons Hermann Park. He led teams that delivered a succession of high-profile structures, including the crowned 60-story headquarters tower of NationsBank in uptown Charlotte, North Carolina, at completion the third tallest concrete
23、 frame building in the world. Dr. Moores success was built on his core beliefs. He believed in life-long learning. He felt that the most innovative and meaningful contribution came from those with a strong foundation of technical training, overlain with practical experience, input from industry, and
24、 continued curiosity. He earned his Ph.D. in structural engineering from the University of Illinois at Urbana after earning his Bachelorsand Master of Science degrees at Rice University. His commitment to learning continued throughout his life as he served as an adjunct professor at Rice, teaching c
25、ourses in both theoretical structural design and pragmatic practice issues. He served on engineering curriculum advisory boards at Rice as well as Texas A concrete filled tubes; connections; finite element 5 COPYRIGHT ACI International (American Concrete Institute)Licensed by Information Handling Se
26、rvicesSTD-AC1 SP-LSb-ENGL 2000 Obb29V9 055Vbbb 711 m 6 Elremaily and Azizinamini Ahmed Elremaily is a Ph.D. candidate at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln. He is a registered Professional Engineer in the State of Nebraska. His areas of expertise include large scale testing, finite element analysis,
27、 and dynamic analysis and seismic design of buildings. Atorod Azizinamini is an Associate Professor of Civil Engineering and the director of the National Bridge Research Organization (NaBRO) at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln. He is also the chairman of the Steel Bridge committee of the American
28、Society of Civil Engineers and is a member of several other committees related to bridge engineering. INTRODUCTION Composite construction consisting of concrete filled tube (CFT) columns with relatively thin-walled steel tubes, has been used in building construction in U.S. and far east. In general,
29、 in this type of construction, steel beams are framed to columns at each floor level. Detail and design criteria for connecting steel beams to CFT columns are almost non-existent. On the other hand the economy of this type of connection depends, to a large degree, on utilizing a suitable Connection
30、detail. The overall objectives of the investigations being conducted are to develop an economical connection detail for connecting steel beams to CFT columns and to provide accompanying design provisions. A previous pilot study on a specific connection detail referred to as a through beam connection
31、 detail was conducted at University of Nebraska-Lincoln by Azizinamini and Parakash (2). Another study by Alostaz and Schneider (3) was recently completed at University of Illinois. This study examined the feasibility of using several connection details and concluded that the behavior of the through
32、 connection detail was the best. A combination of analytical and experimental studies is being conducted to provide a thorough understanding of the behavior of the through beam connection detail. A three dimensional nonlinear finite element model was generated for the connection using ANSYS (1) fini
33、te element program. The experimental results were used to verify and fine tune the numerical model. The theoretical model was then used to identify the elements that control the joint behavior and evaluate their contributions to the connection strength. COPYRIGHT ACI International (American Concrete
34、 Institute)Licensed by Information Handling Services STD-AC1 SP-L7b-ENGL 2000 m Obb2747 0554bb7 858 m Composite and Hybrid Systems 7 TEST SPECIMEN A cruciform shaped specimen representing an interior connection in a plane he was tested to understand the force transfer mechanism. Details of the test
35、specimen are shown in Figure 1. The specimen consisted of a concrete filled tube column and a steel beam passed through the column. The upper and lower portions of this cruciform type test specimen represent the distance from the floor to mid-heights of the lower and upper stories. The length of the
36、 beam represents the distance to the inflection point on each side, which is assumed to be half the span. Loads were applied at the beam ends to simulate member shears at inflection points which occur under lateral loading of the frame. Axial load was applied on the column to represent the reaction
37、of upper stories due to gravity loads. The magnitude of the axial load was taken as 20% of the squash load, Po, given by the following equation: P“ = A. composites; fiber-reinforced plastics, infrastructure; reinforced concrete; structural upgrade 17 Previous page is blank COPYRIGHT ACI Internationa
38、l (American Concrete Institute)Licensed by Information Handling ServicesSTD=ACI SP-LSb-ENGL 2000 Obb2747 0554b77 7T7 M 18 Malvar Dr. L. Javier Malvar is a Research Materials/Structural Engineer at the Naval Facilities Engineering Service Center. He has been involved with composite materials for infr
39、astructure applications since 1992. INTRODUCTION Since 1992, the US. Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Service Center (NFESC), has been involved in the study and use of advanced fiber reinforced plastic (FRP) composites for its waterfront infrastructure applications. Advanced composites presented s
40、ignificant durability advantages for waterfront construction when compared to traditional materials, such as wood and steel. However, an understanding of these materials, and their short and long-term characteristics, was necessary to optimize their use in the areas where their properties made them
41、best suited. The present paper shows a summary of development, test & evaluation, and application of these materials within the Navy infrastructure. BACKGROUND In fiscal year 1991 critical U.S. Navy waterfront deficiencies amounted to a total of $1.3 billion, of which $61 3 million were related to p
42、ier upgrades and repairs, and an estimated $2 19 million were needed for new construction. About 75% of all Navy piers and wharves were over 40 years old and required increased repair and maintenance. Most of the deficiencies were due to corrosion, in particular to corrosion of steel reinforcement.
43、To prevent this corrosion, the use of galvanized and epoxy-coated reinforcing bars (rebars) was investigated. A recent alternative was the use of corrosion-resistant fiber reinforced plastic (FRP) components including reinforcing bars, prestressing tendons, structural shapes, and unidirectional or w
44、oven fabrics. All of these were already commercially available but were used with restraint due to the limited knowledge of their long-term behavior and the lack of uniform codes or design guidelines. In the meantime research was advancing rapidly and several demonstration structures had been constr
45、ucted in Europe. In Japan, a government-sponsored national research project on the use of new materials in construction was focusing on the use of continuous fiber products in concrete construction. In 1992 the Naval Facilities Engineering Service Center (NFESC) started investigating the potential o
46、f these new materials for Navy waterfront idkastructure applications. FRP reinforcing bars for concrete reinforcement were first evaluated. COPYRIGHT ACI International (American Concrete Institute)Licensed by Information Handling ServicesSTD-AC1 SP-LSb-ENGL 2000 H Obb2799 0559b78 b33 m Composite and
47、 Hybrid Systems 19 In 1994 NFESC established the Advanced Waterfront Technology Test Site (AWTTS), to enable U.S. researchers to demonstrate their state-of-the-art composite applications on a waterfront reinforced concrete structure. This structure represents a typical Navy pier designed to withstan
48、d the highest existing Navy crane loads. It uses FRP materials as structural members or components. A parallel effort involved the assessment of structural upgrades using carbon FRP sheets. In 1995 all components of the AWTTS were completed. Prestressing technology using graphite tendons was demonst
49、rated in pile and deck construction. The feasibility of all-composite structural components was proven. Mechanical properties of FRF reinforcing bars had been evaluated. Structural upgrade using CFRP sheets was very successful and was scheduled for full-scale field applications. A first compendium was published in December 1995 covering research results through that date l-121. In 1996 half scale tests of composite upgrades were completed on the AWTTS reinforced concrete decks. Composite upgrades of operating piers at NAVSTA Norfolk, San Diego, and Pearl Harbor, were started. Additi
