1、 AASHTO Drainage Manual Volume 1Policy 2014 American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials 444 North Capitol St., NW, Suite 249 Washington, DC 20001 www.transportation.org 2014 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved.ii 2014 b
2、y the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. All rights reserved. This book, or parts thereof, may not be reproduced in any form without written permission of the publisher. Printed in the United States of America. ISBN 978-1-56051-564-7 2014 by the American Association
3、of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved.iii AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF STATE HIGHWAY AND TRANSPORTATION OFFICIALS EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE 20132014 OFFICERS: PRESIDENT: Michael W. Hancock, P.E., Kentucky VICE PRESIDENT: John Cox, Wyoming SECRETARY-TREASURER: Carlos Braceras, Utah E
4、XECUTIVE DIRECTOR: Bud Wright, Washington, DC REGIONAL REPRESENTATIVES: REGION I: Chris Clement, New Hampshire Shailen Bhatt, Delaware REGION II: Sherri LeBas, Louisiana John Schroer, Tennessee REGION III: Paul Trombino, Iowa Ann L. Schneider, Illinois REGION IV: John Halikowski, Arizona Malcolm Dou
5、gherty, California IMMEDIATE PAST PRESIDENT: Michael P. Lewis, Rhode Island 2014 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved.iv AASHTO TECHNICAL COMMITTEE ON HYDROLOGY AND HYDRAULICS OFFICERS ANDREA HENDRICKSON, Minnesota, Chair KARUNA PUJARA, Maryla
6、nd, Vice-Chair JOE KROLAK, Federal Highway Administration, Secretary MEMBERS Region 1 Karuna Pujara (Vice-Chair) Chief, Highway Hydraulics Division Maryland State Highway Administration Office of Highway Development Joined: 2005 Doug Morse Civil Engineer Roadway Design New York State Department of T
7、ransportation Joined: 2008 Steve Sisson Civil Engineer - Roadway Design Delaware Department of Transportation Road Design Section Joined: 2008 Region 2 Rick Renna State Hydraulics Engineer Florida Department of Transportation Joined: 2001 Stephen Kindy, P.E. Senior Project Delivery Engineer Virginia
8、 Department of Transportation Joined: 2010 Darrin Holmes Hydraulics Engineer Engineering Division, Technical Section West Virginia Department of Transportation Joined: 2011 2014 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved.v Region 3 Andrea Hendrickso
9、n (ATCHH Chair) State Hydraulic Engineer Minnesota Department of Transportation Joined: 2005 Jim Richardson Road Design Leader Bureau of Design, Road Section Kansas Department of Transportation Joined: 1996 Matt OConnor Bridge Hydraulic Engineer Illinois Department of Transportation Joined: 2001 Mer
10、ril E. Dougherty Hydraulic Engineering Supervisor Indiana Department of Transportation Joined: 1994 Region 4 Te Ngo Roadway Drainage Engineer Roadway Design Division Oklahoma Department of Transportation Joined: 1991 Bill Bailey Hydraulics Engineer Wyoming Department of Transportation Joined: 1994 G
11、lenn DeCou Headquarters Hydraulic Engineer Office of State Highway Drainage Design California Department of Transportation Joined: 1994 Lotwick Reese State Hydraulics Engineer Idaho Department of Transportation 3311 West State Street Joined: 1996 Amy Ronnfeldt Hydraulics Engineer Texas Department of
12、 Transportation Joined: 2006 Associate Members Hani Farghaly Senior Hydrotechnical Engineer Design reference to procedures in Volume Two; and overview of the subject. Volume Two chapters can generally be grouped in the five parts listed below: Part 1, General (Chapters 15). Introduction, permits and
13、 certifications, data collection, documentation, and software chapters provide recommended guidelines and procedures that apply to all topics discussed in this Manual. Part 2, Planning and Environment (Chapters 68). Planning and location, surface water environment and wetlands provide guidelines for
14、 procedures that are normally accomplished before design with the interaction of a hydraulics engineer. Part 3, Highway Hydraulic Design (Chapters 915). Hydrology, channels, culverts, energy dissipators, storm drainage systems, storage facilities, and pump stations 2014 by the American Association o
15、f State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved.xi chapters provide design procedures for facilities typically designed by highway hydraulic engineers. Part 4, Bridge Hydraulic Design and Floodplains (Chapters 1619). Stream stability, bridges, channel and stream bank stabilization,
16、and coastal zone chapters provide design procedures for facilities typically designed by bridge hydraulic engineers. Part 5, Construction and Maintenance (Chapters 2022). The erosion and sediment control chapter provides guidelines for hydraulic engineers to provide assistance in these areas. Volume
17、 Two chapters provide the following: Reference to policy, criteria, and standards in Volume One. Design Procedures that the TCHH determined were frequently used have either: o step-by-step procedures and design examples that can be worked by hand; o step-by-step procedures and design examples that c
18、an be solved with the FHWA Hydraulic Toolbox, FHWA HY-8, and other public domain software; or o reference to worked examples for procedures (e.g., storm drain design, bridge design, and coastal engineering) that are commonly solved with software that requires substantial expertise. References to rec
19、ommended guidelines for less common procedures. 2014 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved.xii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS AASHTOs Technical Committee on Hydrology and Hydraulics (TCHH) wishes to acknowledge the contributions made by numerous parties that
20、 helped make the AASHTO Drainage Manual possible. Many associates contributed advice, provided resource information, and otherwise assisted in the development of this Manual. The TCHH wishes to express their gratitude to the following former committee members who were involved in the development of
21、this Manual: Brooks Booher, Mark Burkhead, Michael Fazio, Preston Helms, Dave Henderson, Rae Van Hoven, Roy Mills, David Moses, Rich Phillips, and Norm Schips. The TCHH also wishes to thank the many individuals who provided comments and feedback during the preparation of this Manual, including the f
22、ollowing: Dan Ghere, Larry Arneson, and Bart Bergendahl. Finally, special thanks go to Roy Jorgensen Associates, Inc. for their invaluable assistance in compiling and organizing this document. 2014 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved.VOLUME O
23、NE CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 2014 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. 2014 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved.CHAPTER 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS Section Page 1.1 PURPOSE . 1-1 1.2 SCOPE 1-1 1.
24、3 U.S. CUSTOMARY UNITS . 1-1 1.4 MANUAL FORMAT . 1-2 1.5 MANUAL USE 1-2 1.6 REFERENCES . 1-3 1.7 CONTENT QUESTIONS . 1-3 1.8 ERRORS, ADDITIONS, AND UPDATES 1-3 2014 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved.Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 PURPOSE The Am
25、erican Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) Technical Committee on Hydrology and Hydraulics (TCHH), previously established as a Task Force in 1970, has produced a series of drainage manuals and guides. The TCHH produced this manual as part of their continuing work to as
26、sist the Standing Committee on Highways, Subcommittee on Design, in developing guidelines and in formulating policy. This publication supersedes the 2005 AASHTO publication, Model Drainage Manual. The AASHTO Drainage Manual provides transportation agencies with guidelines for establishing state-spec
27、ific policy and procedures for the design of highway drainage facilities. 1.2 SCOPE The TCHH has incorporated its numerous years of experience into this drainage manual to provide guidance on most aspects of highway drainage. Design, concepts, practices, manuals, policies, and procedures are condens
28、ed and written for use by the hydraulics engineer. Where appropriate, relevant existing AASHTO guidelines, including parts of the Highway Drainage Guidelines, are included or referenced. Due to significant topographical, climatological, and political differences throughout the nation, it is impossib
29、le to develop a meaningful and useful design manual that is a consensus document. Policies, criteria, and information that the agency may wish to use in the development of policy documents are included within each chapter and will require the States review for alteration or acceptance. Changes in th
30、e criteria or other portions of the manual are encouraged, and the recommended policies and criteria are not meant as recommended minimum standards, nor do they necessarily reflect an AASHTO consensus. This manual has been developed to provide hydraulics engineers with a basic working knowledge of h
31、ydrology and hydraulics. All basic design elements are included such that the hydraulics engineer can design highway drainage with minimal assistance. However, this manual cannot provide guidance on complex hydrologic or hydraulic problems, and it is no substitute for experience or engineering judgm
32、ent. 1.3 U.S. CUSTOMARY UNITS This manual has been published entirely in U.S. Customary units of measurement. Several factors influenced the decision to publish this document in U.S. Customary units: Substantially all states have reverted to U.S. Customary units of measure. The large amount of data
33、that is required prohibits a dual unit document. 2014 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved.1-2 AASHTO Drainage Manual, Volume One “Policy” Many of the empirical equations were originally developed using U.S. Customary units. 1.4 MANUAL FORMAT
34、The manual is divided into two volumes. Volume One “Policy” provides states with guidelines or examples for drainage design policies, criteria, and standards. Volume Two “Procedures” provides hydrologic and hydraulic design procedures that are frequently used by highway hydraulics engineers. Volume
35、One chapters can generally be grouped into the five parts listed below: Part 1, General (Chapters 15). The introduction and chapters on legal aspects, data collection, and documentation provide recommended policies that apply to all drainage topics. Chapter 5 discusses the use of computer software f
36、or hydraulic analysis and design. Part 2, Planning and Environment (Chapters 68). Chapters on planning and location, surface water environment, and wetlands provide guidelines for policies and practices that are normally accomplished with the interaction of a hydraulics engineer before design. Part
37、3, Highway Hydraulic Design (Chapters 915). Chapters pertaining to hydrology, channels, culverts, energy dissipators, storm drainage systems, storage facilities, and pump stations provide design policies for facilities typically designed by highway hydraulics engineers. Part 4, Bridge Hydraulic Desi
38、gn and Floodplains (Chapters 1619). Chapters on stream stability, bridges, channel and stream bank stabilization, and coastal zone provide design policies for facilities typically designed by bridge hydraulics engineers. Part 5, Construction and Maintenance (Chapters 2022). Chapters about erosion an
39、d sediment control, construction, and maintenance provide guidelines for hydraulics engineers to provide assistance in these areas. Volume One chapters provide the following: guideline policy, criteria, and standard practices; reference to procedures in Volume Two; and overview of the subject. 1.5 M
40、ANUAL USE Volume One “Policy” has been written to provide examples of policies, criteria, and practices for highway agency use in establishing agency-specific processes and procedures. Some policies may not apply to a specific geographic region (e.g., coastal zone and wetlands). Specific design valu
41、es are provided for use on new construction or 2014 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved.Introduction 1-3 reconstruction projects. States are encouraged to supplement these guideline policies with agency-specific design policies, methods, and
42、standards. 1.6 REFERENCES References are provided for all recommended procedures and where the hydraulics engineer may need more detailed source material. The references are listed in alphabetical order at the end of each chapter. Most reference documents are available on the internet and can be eas
43、ily found with a search engine. A few website addresses are provided for hard-to-locate documents or software. The hydraulics engineer should be knowledgeable in the use of the referenced items and be familiar with the issuing agencys website. 1.7 CONTENT QUESTIONS Questions on a particular chapter
44、or design procedure must be referred to the originating publications listed in the chapter references. AASHTO is not prepared to provide user services or answer questions. It is assumed that the agency is familiar with and competent in hydrology and hydraulics. Information can be obtained by contact
45、ing various State and Federal agencies (e.g., USGS, NRCS, FHWA, State highway departments, water resource agencies, FEMA, USACE), and colleges and universities. 1.8 ERRORS, ADDITIONS, AND UPDATES If errors are discovered in the manual, they should be reported to AASHTO so that corrections can be mad
46、e. Also, if states develop modifications and additions to the manual that would be of use to other agencies, copies should be submitted to AASHTO for inclusion in future updates. AASHTO does plan to issue updated changes to the manual. Updated versions of the manual will be distributed by AASHTO. 20
47、14 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved.VOLUME ONE CHAPTER 2 LEGAL ASPECTS 2014 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. 2014 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation
48、 Officials.All rights reserved.CHAPTER 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Section Page 2.1 INTRODUCTION 2-1 2.1.1 Purpose 2-1 2.1.2 Overview 2-1 2.1.3 Order of Authority . 2-1 2.1.4 Related Publications 2-2 2.2 FEDERAL LAWS 2-2 2.2.1 General Laws . 2-2 2.2.2 Drainage . 2-2 2.2.3 Significant Laws 2-3 2.3 WATERS OF
49、THE UNITED STATES REGULATIONS . 2-4 2.3.1 Constitutional Power 2-4 2.3.2 Federal Agencies 2-4 2.3.2.1 U.S. Coast Guard (USCG) . 2-4 2.3.2.2 U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) . 2-5 2.3.2.3 Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) . 2-6 2.3.2.4 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) . 2-6 2.4 FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE (U.S. FWS) . 2-7 2.4.1 Requirements . 2-7 2.4.2 U.S. FWS Role . 2-7 2.5 NATIONAL FLOOD INSURANCE PROGRAM . 2-7 2.5.1 Flood Insurance 2-7 2.5.2 Flood Disast
