1、First Edition 2012G UIDE SPECIFICATIONS FOR and Strengthening of Concrete Bridge ElementsDesign of Bonded FRP Systems for Repair 2012 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.ISBN: 978-1-56051-560-9 Pu
2、b Code: FRPS-1 444 North Capitol Street, NW Suite 249 Washington, DC 20001 202-624-5800 phone/202-624-5806 fax www.transportation.org 2012 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law. iiiEXECUTIVE COMMIT
3、TEE 20112012 Voting Members Officers: President: Kirk T. Steudle, P.E., Michigan Vice President: Michael P. Lewis, Rhode Island Secretary-Treasurer: Carlos Braceras, Utah Regional Representatives: REGION I: Beverley K. Swaim-Staley, Maryland, One-Year Term James P. Redecker, Connecticut, Two-Year Te
4、rm REGION II: Robert St. Onge, South Carolina, One-Year Term Eugene Conti, North Carolina, Two-Year Term REGION III: Kevin Keith, Missouri, One-Year Term Mark Gottlieb, Wisconsin, Two-Year Term REGION IV: Francis G. Ziegler, P.E., North Dakota, One-Year Term John Cox, Wyoming, Two-Year Term Nonvotin
5、g Members Immediate Past President: Susan Martinovich, P.E., Nevada AASHTO Executive Director: John C. Horsley, Washington, DC 2012 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.ivHIGHWAY SUBCOMMITTEE ON BR
6、IDGES AND STRUCTURES 2012 MALCOLM T. KERLEY, Chair BRUCE V. JOHNSON, Vice Chair M. MYINT LWIN, Federal Highway Administration, Secretary RAJ AILANEY, Federal Highway Administration, Assistant Secretary KELLEY REHM, AASHTO Liaison KEITH PLATTE, AASHTO Liaison ALABAMA, John F. “Buddy” Black, Eric J. C
7、hristie, William “Tim” Colquett ALASKA, Richard A. Pratt ARIZONA, Jean A. Nehme ARKANSAS, Carl Fuselier CALIFORNIA, Barton J. Newton, Susan Hida, Michael Keever COLORADO, Mark A. Leonard, Michael G. Salamon CONNECTICUT, Timothy D. Fields DELAWARE, Barry A. Benton, Jason Hastings, Douglass Robb DISTR
8、ICT OF COLUMBIA, Ronaldo T. “Nick” Nicholson, L. Donald Cooney, Konjit “Connie” Eskender FLORIDA, Sam Fallaha, Dennis Golabek, Jeff Pouliotte GEORGIA, Paul V. Liles, Jr. HAWAII, Paul T. Santo IDAHO, Matthew M. Farrar ILLINOIS, D. Carl Puzey, Tim Armbrecht INDIANA, Anne M. Rearick IOWA, Norman L. McD
9、onald KANSAS, Loren R. Risch, James J. Brennan KENTUCKY, Mark Hite, Marvin Wolfe LOUISIANA, Hossein Ghara, Arthur DAndrea, Paul Fossier MAINE, David B. Sherlock, Jeffrey S. Folsom, Wayne Frankhauser MARYLAND, Earle S. Freedman, Jeffrey L. Robert MASSACHUSETTS, Alexander K. Bardow, Shoukry Elnahal, W
10、alter P. Heller MICHIGAN, David Juntunen, Matthew Chynoweth MINNESOTA, Nancy Daubenberger, Kevin Western MISSISSIPPI, Nick J. Altobelli, Justin Walker MISSOURI, Dennis Heckman, Scott B. Stotlemeyer MONTANA, Kent M. Barnes NEBRASKA, Mark J. Traynowicz, Mark Ahlman, Fouad Jaber NEVADA, Mark P. Elicegu
11、i, Todd Stefonowicz NEW HAMPSHIRE, Mark W. Richardson, David L. Scott NEW JERSEY, Eli “Dave” Lambert III NEW MEXICO, Raymond M. Trujillo, Jeff C. Vigil NEW YORK, Richard Marchione, Wahid Albert NORTH CAROLINA, Greg R. Perfetti NORTH DAKOTA, Terrence R. Udland OHIO, Timothy J. Keller, Jawdat Siddiqi
12、OKLAHOMA, Robert J. Rusch, Walter Peters, John A. Schmiedel OREGON, Bruce V. Johnson, Hormoz Seradj PENNSYLVANIA, Thomas P. Macioce, Lou Ruzzi PUERTO RICO, (Vacant) RHODE ISLAND, David Fish SOUTH CAROLINA, Barry W. Bowers, Jeff Sizemore SOUTH DAKOTA, Kevin Goeden TENNESSEE, Wayne J. Seger, Henry Pat
13、e TEXAS, Gregg A. Freeby, Keith L. Ramsey U.S. DOT, M. Myint Lwin, Raj Ailaney UTAH, Carmen Swanwick, Joshua Sletten VERMONT, Wayne B. Symonds VIRGINIA, Kendal “Ken” Walus, Prasad L. Nallapaneni, Julius F. J. Volgyi, Jr. WASHINGTON, Jugesh Kapur, Tony M. Allen, Bijan Khaleghi WEST VIRGINIA, Gregory
14、Bailey WISCONSIN, Scot Becker, Beth A. Cannestra, William C. Dreher WYOMING, Keith R. Fulton, Paul G. Cortez, Michael E. Menghini GOLDEN GATE BRIDGE, HIGHWAY AND TRANSPORTATION DISTRICT, Kary H. Witt MDTA, Dan Williams N.J. TURNPIKE AUTHORITY, Richard J. Raczynski N.Y. STATE BRIDGE AUTHORITY, Willia
15、m J. Moreau PENN. TURNPIKE COMMISSION, James L. Stump U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERSDEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY, Phillip W. Sauser, Christopher H. Westbrook U.S. COAST GUARD, Kamal Elnahal U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREFOREST SERVICE, Tom Gillens ALBERTA, Lloyd Atkin KOREA, Eui-Joon Lee, Sang-Soon Lee NEWF
16、OUNDLAND, Peter Lest ONTARIO, Bala Tharmabala SASKATCHEWAN, Howard Yea TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD, Waseem Dekelbab 2012 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.v FOREWORD Guide Specifications for D
17、esign of Bonded FRP Systems for Repair and Strengthening of Concrete Bridge Elements, First Edition (2012) is based on two National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) reports. It was primarily developed from NCHRP Report 655, Recommended Guide Specifications for Repair and Strengthening of
18、 Concrete Bridge Elements (2010). Subsequently, Section 4, “Members under Shear and Torsion,” was modified based on the results of NCHRP Report 678, Design of FRP Systems for Strengthening Concrete Girders in Shear (2011). Additional background information on the Guide Specifications and specific de
19、sign examples can be found in the above-mentioned NCHRP documents. AASHTO Subcommittee on Bridges and Structures 2012 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.vi ACKNOWLEDGMENTS AASHTO would like to ex
20、press our special thanks to the authors of the NCHRP reports from which these Guide Specifications were developed: NCHRP Report 655 Abdul-Hamid Zureick, Georgia Institute of Technology Bruce R. Ellingwood, Georgia Institute of Technology Andrzej S. Nowak, University of NebraskaLincoln Dennis R. Mert
21、z, University of Delaware Thanasis C. Triantafillou, University of Patras NCHRP Report 678 Abdeldjelil Belarbi, Missouri University of Science and Technology Sang-Wook Bae, Missouri University of Science and Technology Ashraf Ayoub, University of Houston Daniel Kuchma, University of Illinois at Urba
22、na-Champaign Amir Mirmiran, Florida International University Ayman Okeil, Louisiana State University Furthermore, the first-edition reviews and contributions of the following members of the T-6 Technical Committee on Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites are also acknowledged: Paul V. Liles, Jr. Chair
23、, Georgia Department of Transportation David B. Sherlock, Vice Chair, Maine Department of Transportation Jeffrey L. Robert, Maryland Department of Transportation Wahid Albert, New York Department of Transportation Sam Fallaha, Florida Department of Transportation Matthew Chynoweth, Michigan Departme
24、nt of Transportation Timothy J. Keller, Ohio Department of Transportation Michael Keever, California Department of Transportation Lou Triandafilou, U.S. Department of Transportation AASHTO would also like to thank Jim Gutierrez of the California Department of Transportation for his tremendous help i
25、n the review process for both NCHRP reports. 2012 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.vii PREFACE This new AASHTO publication, Guide Specifications for Design of Bonded FRP Systems for Repair and
26、Strengthening of Concrete Bridge Elements, First Edition (2012), comprises five sections: Section 1General Requirements Section 2Material Requirements Section 3Members under Flexure Section 4Members under Shear and Torsion Section 5Members under Combined Axial Force and Flexure A list of references
27、is included at the end of each section. AASHTO Publications Staff November 2012 2012 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.SECTION 1: GENERAL REQUIREMENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS 1-i 1.1SCOPE . 1-1 1.2APP
28、LICATION OF FRP . 1-1 1.2.1General . 1-1 1.2.2Surface Preparation 1-2 1.2.3Inspection, Evaluation, and Acceptance 1-2 1.3DEFINITIONS . 1-3 1.3.1Symbols and Notation 1-3 1.4DESIGN BASIS . 1-6 1.4.1Design Objectives 1-6 1.4.2Maximum Concrete Strength . 1-6 1.4.3FRP Design Properties . 1-6 1.4.4Strengt
29、hening Requirement 1-6 1.5LIMIT STATES . 1-7 1.5.1Service Limit States . 1-7 1.5.2Strength Limit States 1-8 1.5.3Extreme-Event Limit States . 1-8 1.5.4Fatigue Limit State . 1-8 1.6LOADS AND LOAD COMBINATIONS . 1-9 1.6.1Loads 1-9 1.6.2Load Combinations 1-9 1.6.3Bridge Load Ratings and Evaluation . 1-
30、9 1.7REFERENCES . 1-9 2012 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.SECTION 1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS 1-1 1.1SCOPE These Guide Specifications are intended for therepair and strengthening of reinforced and
31、 prestressedhighway bridge structures using externally bonded fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composite systems. TheseGuide Specifications supplement the AASHTO LRFDBridge Design Specifications, Sixth Edition, 2012(AASHTO LRFD). Except where specifically providedbelow, all provisions of AASHTO LRFD s
32、hall apply. These Guide Specifications state only the minimumrequirements necessary to provide for public safety andare not intended to supplant proper training or theexercise of judgment by the Engineer of Record. TheOwner or the Engineer of Record may require thestructural design or the quality of
33、 materials andconstruction to exceed the minimum requirements. These specifications employ the Load andResistance Factor Design (LRFD) methodology, inwhich the load and resistance factors have beendeveloped from structural reliability theory based oncurrent probabilistic/statistical models of loads
34、andstructural performance. Seismic design shall be in accordance with either theprovisions in the appropriate sections of AASHTOLRFD or the provisions in the AASHTO GuideSpecifications for LRFD Seismic Bridge Design. Except where specifically provided below, allprovisions of the LRFD Bridge Construc
35、tionSpecifications shall apply. C1.1 Article 1.1 discusses the scope of the Guide Specifications, their applicability, and their limitations. This Article is analogous to the opening articles, Articles X.1, of each of the sections of AASHTO LRFD. The commentary is not intended to provide a complete
36、historical background concerning the development of these or previous Specifications, nor is it intended to provide a detailed summary of the studies and research data reviewed in formulating the provisions of the Specifications. However, references to North American and international guidelines (AC
37、I 440.2R-08, 2008; ISIS Canada Design Manuals, 2001; fib technical report bulletin 14, fib 2001; CNR-DT 200, 2006; JSCE, 2001; and AFGC, 2003) as well as relevant research data dealing with externally bonded FRP reinforcement for reinforced and prestressed concrete structures are provided for those
38、who wish to study the background material in depth. NCHRP Report 609 presents recommended construction specifications concerning the use of externally bonded FRP reinforcement for strengthening concrete structures. The commentary directs attention to other documents that provide suggestions for carr
39、ying out the requirements and intent of these Guide Specifications. However, the commentary and references herein are not part of these Guide Specifications. 1.2APPLICATION OF FRP 1.2.1General In general, procedures for the installation of FRPsystems are developed by the manufacturer and can varybet
40、ween different systems. Two optional types ofexternally bonded FRP systems are available. The firsttype consists of dry fiber-fabric sheets saturated with anepoxy resin. This type of system is referred to as the wet-layup technique. The second type of system consists ofprecured fiber/resin laminates
41、 (manufacturer fabricated),which are bonded to the concrete surface with anadhesive resin. The wet-layup system is the moreversatile of these systems because the fabric/cloth isflexible and can conform to most shapes in the field.Installation procedures may also vary depending on thetype and conditi
42、on of the structure to be strengthened.The application of FRP systems will not stop the ongoingcorrosion of existing steel reinforcement. The cause ofcorrosion to internal steel reinforcement should beaddressed and corrosion-related deterioration should berepaired prior to application of any FRP sys
43、tem. 2012 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.GUIDE SPECIFICATIONS FOR DESIGN OF BONDED FRP SYSTEMS 1-2 FOR REPAIR AND STRENGTHENING OF CONCRETE BRIDGE ELEMENTS 1.2.2Surface Preparation The concre
44、te surface should be prepared to aminimum concrete surface profile (CSP) 3 as defined bythe ICRI-surface-profile chips (ICRI 03732, NCHRPReport 609). Localized out-of-plane variations, includingform lines, should not exceed 1/32in. or the tolerancesrecommended by the FRP system manufacturer,whicheve
45、r is smaller. Holes and voids should be filledwith a compatible epoxy paste (thickened epoxy/putty).It is recommended that surface preparation beaccomplished using abrasive or water-blastingtechniques. All laitance, dust, dirt, oil, curing compound,existing coatings, and any other matter that couldi
46、nterfere with the bond between the FRP system andconcrete substrate should be removed. When fibers are wrapped around corners, the cornersshould be rounded to a minimum 1/2in. radius to preventstress concentrations in the FRP system and voidsbetween the FRP system and the concrete. Rough edgesshould
47、 also be smoothed by grinding or with putty priorto FRP application. C1.2.2 The bond behavior of the FRP system is highly dependent on a sound concrete substrate and on the workmanship of the installation; either one or both can significantly influence the integrity of the FRP strengthening system.
48、Proper preparation and profiling of the concrete substrate is necessary to achieve optimum bond strength. Improper surface preparation can lead to premature debonding or delamination. 1.2.3Inspection, Evaluation, and Acceptance C1.2.3 FRP strengthening is usually performed onstructurally deficient o
49、r damaged RC beams. Before astrengthening procedure is implemented, the extent ofdeficiency and suitability of FRP strengthening should beevaluated. Systems considered for FRP strengtheningshould be inspected by a licensed engineer or qualifiedinspector knowledgeable in FRP systems and installationprocedures. The following should be recorded at the timeof installation: Date and time of installation; Ambient temperature, relative humidity, and generalweather observations and surface temperature o
