1、GUIDE DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS FOR BRIDGE TEMPORARY WORKS 2nd Edition | 2017 GSBTW-2 | ISBN 978-1-56051-642-2 American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials 444 North Capitol Street, NW, Suite 249 Washington, DC 20001 202-624-5800 phone/202-624-5806 fax www.transportation.org Cover
2、photos: Top: Utah 4500 South Bridge over I-215. Its temporary staging area for first SPMT move in Salt Lake City, Utah, September 7, 2007. Photo provided by the Utah DOT. Bottom: Temporary staging area for SPMT move for the Utah Pioneer Crossing over I -15, Lehi, Utah, September 9, 2009. Photo provi
3、ded by the Utah DOT. 2017 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law. 2017 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of a
4、pplicable law.i AASHTO EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE 20162017 Voting Members OFFICERS: PRESIDENT: David Bernhardt, Maine* VICE PRESIDENT: John Schroer, Tennessee* SECRETARY-TREASURER: Carlos Braceras, Utah EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR: Bud Wright, Washington, D. C. REGIONAL REPRESENTATIVES: REGION I: Leslie Richards, P
5、ennsylvania Pete Rahn, Maryland REGION II: Charles Kilpatrick, Virginia James Bass, Texas REGION III: Randall S. Blankenhorn, Illinois Patrick McKenna, Missouri REGION IV: Carlos Braceras, Utah Mike Tooley, Montana IMMEDIATE PAST PRESIDENT: vacant *Elected at the 2016 Annual Meeting in Boston, Massa
6、chusetts Nonvoting Members Executive Director: Bud Wright, Washington, DC 2017 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.ii This page is intentionally left blank. 2017 by the American Association of St
7、ate Highway and Transportation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.iii HIGHWAY SUBCOMMITTEE ON BRIDGES AND STRUCTURES, 2016 GREGG FREDRICK, Chair BRUCE V. JOHNSON, Vice Chair JOSEPH L. HARTMANN, Federal Highway Administration, Secretary PATRICIA J. BUSH, AASH
8、TO Liaison ALABAMA, Eric J. Christie, William “Tim” Colquett, Randall B. Mullins ALASKA, Richard A. Pratt ARIZONA, David B. Benton, David L. Eberhart, Pe-Shen Yang ARKANSAS, Charles “Rick” Ellis CALIFORNIA, Susan Hida, Thomas A. Ostrom, Dolores Valls COLORADO, Behrooz Far, Stephen Harelson, Jessica
9、Martinez CONNECTICUT, Timothy D. Fields DELAWARE, Barry A. Benton, Jason Hastings DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, Donald L. Cooney, Konjit C. “Connie” Eskender, Richard Kenney FLORIDA, Sam Fallaha, Dennis William Potter, Jeff Pouliotte GEORGIA, Bill DuVall, Steve Gaston HAWAII, James Fu IDAHO, Matthew Farrar
10、ILLINOIS, Tim A. Armbrecht, Carl Puzey INDIANA, Anne M. Rearick IOWA, Ahmad Abu-Hawash, Norman L. McDonald KANSAS, Mark E. Hoppe, John P. Jones KENTUCKY, Mark Hite, Marvin Wolfe LOUISIANA, Arthur DAndrea, Paul Fossier, Zhengzheng “Jenny” Fu MAINE, Jeffrey S. Folsom, Wayne Frankhauser, Michael Wight
11、MARYLAND, Earle S. Freedman, Jeffrey L. Robert, Gregory Scott Roby MASSACHUSETTS, Alexander K. Bardow, Thomas Donald, Joseph Rigney MICHIGAN, Matthew Jack Chynoweth, David Juntunen MINNESOTA, Arielle Ehrlich, Kevin Western MISSISSIPPI, Austin Banks, Justin Walker, Scott Westerfield MISSOURI, Dennis
12、Heckman, Scott Stotlemeyer MONTANA, Kent M. Barnes, David F. Johnson NEBRASKA, Mark Ahlman, Fouad Jaber, Mark J. Traynowicz NEVADA, Troy Martin, Jessen Mortensen NEW HAMPSHIRE, David L. Scott, Peter Stamnas NEW JERSEY, Xiaohua “Hannah” Cheng, Nagnath “Nat” Kasbekar, Eli D. Lambert NEW MEXICO, Ted L.
13、 Barber, Raymond M. Trujillo, Jeff C. Vigil NEW YORK, Wahid Albert, Richard Marchione NORTH CAROLINA, Brian Hanks, Scott Hidden, Thomas Koch NORTH DAKOTA, Terrence R. Udland OHIO, Alexander B.C. Dettloff, Timothy J. Keller OKLAHOMA, Steven Jacobi, Walter Peters OREGON, Bruce V. Johnson, Tanarat Poti
14、suk, Hormoz Seradj PENNSYLVANIA, James M. Long,Thomas P. Macioce, Lou Ruzzi PUERTO RICO, (Vacant) RHODE ISLAND, Georgette Chahine SOUTH CAROLINA, Barry W. Bowers, Terry B. Koon, Jeff Sizemore SOUTH DAKOTA, Steve Johnson TENNESSEE, John S. Hastings, Wayne J. Seger TEXAS, Bernie Carrasco, Jamie F. Far
15、ris, Gregg A. Freeby U.S. DOT, Joseph L. Hartmann UTAH, Carmen Swanwick, Cheryl Hersh Simmons, Joshua Sletten VERMONT, James LaCroix, Wayne B. Symonds VIRGINIA, Prasad L. Nallapaneni, Kendal R. Walus WASHINGTON, Tony M. Allen, Thomas E. Baker, Bijan Khaleghi WEST VIRGINIA, Ahmed Mongi, Billy Varney
16、2017 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.iv WISCONSIN, Scot Becker, William C. Dreher, William Olivia WYOMING, Paul G. Cortez, Gregg C. Frederick, Michael E. Menghini GOLDEN GATE BRIDGE, HIGHWAY
17、AND TRANSPORTATION DISTRICT, Kary H. Witt MDTA, Dan Williams N.J. TURNPIKE AUTHORITY, Richard J. Raczynski N.Y. STATE BRIDGE AUTHORITY, Jeffrey Wright PENN. TURNPIKE COMMISSION, James Stump U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY, Phillip W. Sauser, Christopher H. Westbrook U.S. COAST GU
18、ARD, Kamal Elnahal U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREFOREST SERVICE, John R. Kattell KOREA, Eui-Joon Lee, Sang-Soon Lee SASKATCHEWAN, Howard Yea TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD, Waseem Dekelb 2017 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication i
19、s a violation of applicable law.v GUIDE DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS FOR BRIDGE TEMPORARY WORKS TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION 1INTRODUCTION 1.1SCOPE 1-1 1.2RELATED PUBLICATIONS 1-1 1.3DEFINITIONS . 1-2 1.4METRIC CONVERSIONS 1-3 SECTION 2FALSEWORK 2.1FALSEWORK DRAWINGS . 2-1 2.2MATERIALS AND MANUFACTURED COMPON
20、ENTS 2-2 2.2.1General . 2-2 2.2.2Structural Steel . 2-2 2.2.2.1Identification and Properties . 2-2 2.2.2.2Salvaged Steel 2-3 2.2.2.3Welding 2-3 2.2.3Wood 2-4 2.2.3.1Allowable Stresses . 2-4 2.2.3.2Modification Factors 2-4 2.2.3.3Used Lumber 2-4 2.2.4Other Materials . 2-5 2.2.5Manufactured Components
21、 . 2-5 2.2.5.1General . 2-5 2.2.5.2Maximum Loadings and Deflections . 2-5 2.2.5.3Factor of Safety 2-6 2.3LOADS . 2-6 2.3.1General . 2-6 2.3.2Loads and Load Combinations . 2-6 2.3.2.1Loads and Load Designation 2-6 2.3.2.2Load Combinations and Load Factors 2-7 2.3.2.3Load and Resistance Factored Desig
22、n 2-8 2.3.2.4Allowable Stress Design . 2-10 2.3.3Dead and Live Loads 2-10 2.3.3.1Dead Load 2-10 2.3.3.2Live Load . 2-10 2.3.3.2.1Construction Live Load 2-11 2.3.3.2.2Impact 2-11 2.3.3.3Minimum Vertical Load . 2-11 2.3.4Construction Loads . 2-11 2.3.4.1Construction Dead Load . 2-11 2.3.4.2Material Lo
23、ads 2-12 2.3.4.3Personnel and Equipment Load 2-12 2.3.4.3.1General . 2-12 2017 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.vi 2.3.4.3.2Individual Personnel Load . 2-12 2.3.4.3.3Uniformly Distributed Load
24、s . 2-13 2.3.4.3.4Concentrated Loads 2-13 2.3.4.4Horizontal Construction Load, C h2-14 2.3.4.5Equipment Reactions, C R. 2-14 2.3.4.5.1Rated Equipment 2-14 2.3.4.5.2Non-Rated Equipment 2-14 2.3.4.5.3Impact 2-15 2.3.5Environmental Loads 2-15 2.3.5.1Risk Category . 2-15 2.3.5.2Wind . 2-15 2.3.5.2.1Desi
25、gn Wind Speed 2-15 2.3.5.2.2Frameworks without Cladding . 2-15 2.3.5.2.3Accelerated Wind Region 2-16 2.3.5.3Snow . 2-16 2.3.5.4Earthquake 2-16 2.3.5.4.1Applicability 2-16 2.3.5.4.2Use of ASCE 7 . 2-17 2.3.5.4.3Other Standards for Earthquake Resistant Design . 2-17 2.3.5.5Stream Flow . 2-17 2.3.5.6Ic
26、e Loads 2-18 2.4DESIGN . 2-18 2.4.1General . 2-18 2.4.2Deflection . 2-19 2.4.3Slenderness . 2-19 2.4.4Overturning and Sliding . 2-19 2.4.5Steel Beam Grillages 2-20 2.4.6Proprietary Shoring Systems 2-20 2.4.7Traffic Openings . 2-21 2.5FOUNDATIONS 2-22 2.5.1General . 2-22 2.5.2Footings 2-22 2.5.3Pile
27、Foundations . 2-24 2.5.4Foundations for Heavy-Duty Shoring Systems 2-24 SECTION 3FORMWORK 3.1MATERIALS AND FORM ACCESSORIES 3-1 3.1.1General . 3-1 3.1.2Sheathing 3-1 3.1.3Structural Supports . 3-3 3.1.4Prefabricated Formwork . 3-3 3.1.5Stay-in-Place Formwork . 3-3 3.1.6Form Accessories . 3-3 3.2LOAD
28、S . 3-4 3.2.1Vertical Loads 3-4 3.2.2Lateral Pressure of Fluid Concrete . 3-4 3.2.2.1Form Pressure . 3-4 3.2.2.2Form PressureReduced Hydrostatic Head 3-5 3.2.3Horizontal Loads 3-6 2017 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication is a vi
29、olation of applicable law.vii 3.3DESIGN . 3-6 3.3.1General . 3-6 3.3.2Allowable Stresses 3-7 3.3.3Deflection . 3-7 3.3.4Safety Factors for Form Accessories 3-7 SECTION 4TEMPORARY RETAINING STRUCTURES 4.1GENERAL 4-1 4.2TYPES OF RETAINING STRUCTURES . 4-1 4.3LATERAL EARTH PRESSURES . 4-1 4.3.1Cantilev
30、er Walls . 4-2 4.3.1.1Wall Movement Necessary for Active Pressures . 4-2 4.3.1.2Active Pressures . 4-2 4.3.1.3At-Rest Pressures . 4-3 4.3.1.4Passive Pressures 4-4 4.3.2Braced Excavations 4-5 4.3.3Surcharge Pressures 4-13 4.4STABILITY 4-13 4.5COFFERDAMS 4-13 4.5.1Cantilever Walls . 4-13 4.5.2Braced C
31、offerdams . 4-14 APPENDICES APPENDIX AMAXIMUM DESIGN VALUES FOR UNGRADED STRUCTURAL LUMBER A-1 APPENDIX BAISC PROVISIONS FOR WEBS AND FLANGES WITH CONCENTRATED FORCES . B-1 B.1Flange Local Bending B-1 B.2Web Local Yielding . B-1 B.3Web Local Crippling . B-2 B.4Web Sideway Buckling B-3 B.5Web Compres
32、sion Buckling B-4 B.6Web Panel Zone Shear . B-4 B.7Unframed Ends of Beams and Girders B-5 B.8Additional Stiffener Requirements for Concentrated Forces . B-5 B.9Additional Doubler Plate Requirements for Concentrated Forces . B-6 APPENDIX CSELECT ASCE 7 WIND PROVISIONS . C-1 C.1Basic Wind Speed, V . C
33、-1 C.2Design Wind Force, F C-1 C.3Velocity Pressure Exposure Coefficient, K ZC-2 C.4Topographic Factor, K zt. C-2 C.5Wind Directionality Factor, K dC-3 C.6Gust Effect Factor, G . C-3 C.7Force Coefficient, C fC-3 C.8Projected Area, A fC-3 APPENDIX DSELECT ASCE 7 SEISMIC PROVISIONS D-1 D.1Risk-Targete
34、d Maximum Considered Earthquake, MCE R. D-1 D.2Site Class and Site Coefficients, F aand F vD-1 D.3Design Spectral Acceleration Parameters, S DSand S D1D-2 D.4Estimate Fundamental Period of Falsework, T aD-2 D.5Seismic Response Coefficient, C s . D-2 2017 by the American Association of State Highway
35、and Transportation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.viii D.6Seismic Base Shear and Equivalent Lateral Force, V and F eq. D-2 APPENDIX ESAMPLE WIND AND SEISMIC CALCULATIONS E-1 APPENDIX FFOUNDATION INVESTIGATION AND DESIGN F-1 F.1Subsurface Investigation F-
36、1 F.2Relative Density of Granular Deposits . F-1 F.3Consistency of Cohesive Soils . F-2 F.4Unified Soil Classification System . F-3 F.5Potential Problem Soils F-4 F.6Extended Foundation F-5 F.7AASHTO and ASTM Reference Standards F-5 APPENDIX GCONVERSION OF EQUATIONS FROM US CUSTOMARY UNITS TO SI MET
37、RIC UNITS G-1 REFERENCES . R-1 2017 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.ix GUIDE DESIGN SPECIFICATION FOR BRIDGE TEMPORARY WORKS LIST OF FIGURES Figure 4.3.2-1Apparent Earth Pressure Distribution
38、s for Anchored Walls Constructed from the Top Down in Cohesionless Soils . 4-6 Figure 4.3.2-2Apparent Earth Pressure Distributions for Anchored Walls Constructed from the Top Down in Soft to Medium Stiff Cohesive Soils . 4-7 Figure 4.3.2-3Unfactored Simplified Earth Pressure Distributions for Perman
39、ent Non-Gravity Cantilevered Walls with Discrete Vertical Wall Elements . 4-8 Figure 4.3.2-4Unfactored Simplified Earth Pressure Distribution and Design Procedures for Permanent Non-Gravity Cantilevered Walls with Continuous Vertical Wall Elements Embedded in Granular Soil Modified after Teng (1962)
40、 . 4-9 Figure 4.3.2-5Unfactored Simplified Earth Pressure Distributions for Temporary Non-Gravity Cantilevered Walls with Discrete Vertical Wall Elements . 4-10 Figure 4.3.2-6Unfactored Simplified Earth Pressure Distributions for Temporary Non-Gravity Cantilevered Walls with Continuous Vertical Wall
41、 Elements 4-11 Figure C.1(a)Basic Wind Speeds for Occupancy Category II Buildings and Other Structures C-6 Figure C.1(b)Basic Wind Speeds for Occupancy Category III and IV Buildings and Other Structures C-8 Figure C.2Topographic Multipliers for Exposure C . C-10 Figure D.1(a)S 1Risk-Adjusted Maximum
42、 Considered Earthquake (MCE R ) Ground Motion Parameter for the Conterminous United States for 1.0 sec Spectral Response Acceleration (5 Percent of Critical Dumping), Site Class B . D-3 Figure D.1(b)S 1Risk-Adjusted Maximum Considered Earthquake (MCE R ) Ground Motion Parameter for the Conterminous
43、United States for 1.0 sec Spectral Response Acceleration (5 Percent of Critical Dumping), Site Class B . D-4 Figure D.2S 1Risk-Adjusted Maximum Considered Earthquake (MCE R ) Ground Motion Parameter for Alaska for 1.0 sec Spectral Response Acceleration (5 Percent of Critical Dumping), Site Class B .
44、 D-5 Figure D.3S 1Risk-Adjusted Maximum Considered Earthquake (MCE R ) Ground Motion Parameter for Hawaii for 1.0 sec Spectral Response Acceleration (5 Percent of Critical Dumping), Site Class B . D-6 Figure D.4S 1Risk-Adjusted Maximum Considered Earthquake (MCE R ) Ground Motion Parameter for Puert
45、o Rico and the United States Virgin Islands for 1.0 sec Spectral Response Acceleration (5 Percent of Critical Dumping), Site Class B . D-7 Figure E.1Falsework Tower Elevation . E-2 Figure E.2Falsework Tower Elevation . E-7 2017 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Official
46、s. All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.x GUIDE DESIGN SPECIFICATION FOR BRIDGE TEMPORARY WORKS LIST OF TABLES Table 2.1-1Minimum Mechanical Properties of Structural Steel by Shape, Strength, and Thickness . 2-2 Table C2.2.2.2.1Early ASTM Steep Specifications 2-3 Table 2
47、.3.2.2-1Load Combinations and Load Factors 2-9 Table 2.3.4.3.3-1Classes of Working Surfaces for Combined Uniformly Distributed Loads 2-13 Table 2.3.4.3.4-1Minimum Concentrated Personnel and Equipment Loads 2-13 Table 2.5.2-1Presumptive Soil-Bearing Values 2-23 Table 2.5.2-2Ground Water-Level Modific
48、ation Errors . 2-23 Table C3.1.2-1Form Materials with Data Sources for Design and Specification . 3-2 Table 3.2.2.2-1Chemistry Factor, F c. 3-6 Table 3.2.2.2-2Unit Weight Factor, F w. 3-6 Table 3.3.4-1Minimum Safety Factors of Formwork . 3-7 Table A.1Maximum Design Values for Ungraded Structural Lum
49、ber . A-1 Table C.1Velocity Pressure Coefficient, K zC-3 Table C.2Wind Directionality Factor, K d. C-4 Table C.3Force Coefficients for Trussed Towers, C f. C-4 Table C.4Force Coefficients for Open Signs & Lattice Frameworks, C fC-4 Table C.5Force Coefficients for Solid Freestanding Walls and Signs C-5 Table D.1 Site Coefficient, F aD-1 Table D.2 Site Coefficient, F vD-1 Table E.1Velocity Pr
