1、AASHTO Guidelines for Traffic Data ProgramsAmerican Association of State Highway and Transportation Offi cialsAASHTO Guidelines for Traffic Data ProgramsCopyright 2009, by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation O cials. All Rights Reserved. Printed in the United States of Ameri
2、ca. Th is book, or parts thereof, may not be reproduced in any form without writ-ten permission of the publishers. 2009 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.AcknowledgmentsThis work was sponsored b
3、y the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, in cooperation with the Federal Highway Administration, and was conducted in the National Coopera-tive Highway Research Program. Thanks to the authors Anita Vandervalk-Ostrander, Cambridge Systematics, Inc., Tallahassee, Flori
4、da; Shawn Turner, Texas Transportation Institute, College Station, Texas; Mark Hallenbeck, Washington State Transportation Center, Seattle, Washington; Joe Wilkinson, Chaparral Systems Corporation, Santa Fe, New Mexico.DisclaimerAny opinions and conclusions expressed or implied in the report are tho
5、se of the research agency. They are not necessarily those of the Transportation Research Board, the National Academies, or the program sponsors. 2009 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law. 2009 by t
6、he American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.GUIDELINES FOR TRAFFIC DATA PROGRAMS vExecutive Committee20082009Voting MembersOfficers:President: Allen Biehler, PennsylvaniaVice President: Larry L. “Butch” Brown
7、, Sr., MississippiSecretary-Treasurer: Carlos Braceras, UtahRegional Representatives:REGION I: Carolann Wicks, Delaware, One-Year TermJoseph Marie, Connecticut, Tw o - Ye a r Te r mREGION II: Larry L. “Butch” Brown, Mississippi, One-Year TermDan Flowers, Arkansas, Tw o - Ye a r Te r mREGION III: Kir
8、k T. Steudle, Michigan, One-Year TermNancy J. Richardson, Iowa, Tw o - Ye a r Te r mREGION IV: Rhonda G. Faught, New Mexico, One-Year TermWill Kempton, California, Tw o - Ye a r Te r mNonvoting MembersImmediate Past President: Pete K. Rahn, MissouriAASHTO Executive Director: John Horsley, Wa s h i n
9、 g t o n , D C 2009 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.vi GUIDELINES FOR TRAFFIC DATA PROGRAMSStanding Committee on Planning20082009Chair, Debra L. Miller, Kansas, (785) 296-3461Vice Chair, Susan
10、 P. Mortel, Michigan, (517) 373-0343Secretary, Ronald D. McCready, AASHTO, (202) 624-5807State MemberAlabamaDon T. Arkle, P.E.Robert J. Jilla, P.E. AlaskaRon KingJeffery OttesenArizonaRakesh TripathiArkansasScott E. BennettAlan MeadorsCaliforniaJoan SollenbergerColoradoJennifer FinchConnecticutCharl
11、es S. BaroneH. James BoiceGerald T. JenningsDelawareRalph ReebDistrict of ColumbiaKarina RicksFloridaW. David LeeKathleen NeillGeorgiaAngela T. AlexanderHarvey D. KeeplerMichael L. Thomas, P.E.HawaiiKen Tatsuguchi,IdahoMatthew E. Moore, P.E.IllinoisDick SmithIndianaVa c a nt IowaStuart P. Anderson,
12、P.E.Neil VolmerKansasChris J. Herrick, P.E.Dennis R. SlimmerKentuckyMike HancockLouisianaEric I. KalivodaMichael G. SchiroMaineDale F. DoughtyRaymond Faucher, P.E.MarylandDouglas H. SimmonsMassachusettsKenneth S. Miller, P.E.David MohlerMichiganSusan P. MortelTim HoeffnerMinnesotaTimothy A. HenkelMi
13、ssissippiSteven K. Edwards, P.E., P. L . S .Jeffrey A. PierceMissouriMachelle WatkinsMontanaSandra S. StraehlNebraskaRandall D. Peters, P.E.NevadaKent CooperNew HampshireWilliam E. Watson, Jr.New JerseyBrent BarnesMark StoutNew MexicoMuffet Foy CuddyPatricia Oliver-WrightNew YorkLynn WeiskopfRobert
14、ZerrilloNorth CarolinaDeborah M. Barbour, P.E.Mike Bruff, P.E.Calvin W. Leggett, P.E.North DakotaScott ZainhofskyOhioJennifer TownleyHoward P. WoodOklahomaGinger McGovern, P.E.David C. Streb, P.E.OregonJerri BohardRian WindsheimerPennsylvaniaJames D. RitzmanThomas E. TenEyckPuerto RicoGabriel A. Rod
15、riguez-FernandezRhode IslandRobert A. Shawver, P.E.South CarolinaRon PattonMark PleasantSouth DakotaTim BjornebergBen OrsbonJerry OrtbahnTennesseeJeanne Stevens, AICPTexasJames L. Randall, P.E.UtahAhmad Jaber, P.E.John H. Thomas, P.E.VermontMelvin E. AdamsVirginiaMarsha C. FiolWashingtonBrian J. Smi
16、th, AICPWest VirginiaRobert L. Pennington, P.E.WisconsinSandra K. Beaupre, AICPMark J. WolfgramWyomingMartin Kidner, P.E.U.S. DOT MemberFHWAJames A. Cheatham, P.E.FRARobert E. Martin, Jr.FTACharles R. GoodmanAssociate MemberFederalUSDA Forest ServiceJoel KrauseAssociate MemberInternationalAlbertaBri
17、an MarcotteManitobaAmar Chadha, P.E.Northwest TerritoriesRussell NeudorfSaskatchewanGeorge Stamatinos 2009 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.GUIDELINES FOR TRAFFIC DATA PROGRAMS viiHighway Subco
18、mmittee on Traffic Engineering20082009Chair, Delbert McOmie, WyomingVice Chair, Thomas Hicks, MarylandSecretary, Robert E. Arnold, FHWALiaison, Ken Kobetsky, AASHTOAlabamaTimothy C. Taylor, P.E.AlaskaKurtis J. Smith, P.E.ArizonaMike Manthey, P.E.Richard C. Moeur, P.E.ArkansasEric PhillipsTo n y S u
19、l l i v a nCaliforniaRobert CoppColoradoGabriela VidalConnecticutJohn F. Carey, P.E.DelawareMark Luszcz, P.E., PTOEDonald D. Weber, P.E.District of ColumbiaSoumya S. DeyYanlin LiFloridaMark C. Wilson, P.E.GeorgiaKeith Golden, P.E.HawaiiAlvin TakeshitaIdahoBrent Jennings, P.E.IllinoisAaron Weatherhol
20、tIndianaJames PoturalskiCarl T. TuttleIowaTimothy D. CrouchKansasDavid A. Church, P.E.Kenneth F. Hurst, P.E.KentuckyVa c a ntLouisianaPeter Allain, P.E., PTOEMaineBruce A. Ibarguen, P.E.MarylandThomas Hicks, P.E.MassachusettsNeil E. BoudreauMichiganMark W. Bott,MinnesotaBernard J. ArseneauSusan M. G
21、rothMississippiRobert “Wes” DeanMissouriEileen RackersMontanaDuane Williams, P.E.NebraskaDaniel J. Waddle, P.E.NevadaFred DroesNew HampshireWilliam LambertNew JerseyDouglas R. BartlettNew MexicoVa c a nt ,New YorkDavid J. Clements, P.E.North CarolinaJ. Kevin Lacy, P.E., CPMNorth DakotaAl CovlinOhioD
22、ave Holstein, P.E.OklahomaHarold SmartOregonEdward L. Fischer, P.E., PTOEPennsylvaniaGlenn C. Rowe, P.E.PTOEPuerto RicoFelipe Luyanda-AndinoRhode IslandRobert Rocchio, P.E.South CarolinaRichard B. Werts, P.E.South DakotaJohn Adler, P.E.TennesseeDon L. DahlingerMichael L. TugwellTexasMargaret (Meg) A
23、. Moore, P. E .UtahRobert E. Hull, P.E.VermontBruce Nyquist, P.E.VirginiaRaymond J. Khoury, P.E.WashingtonTheodore Trepanier, P.E.West VirginiaCindy Cramer, P.E.WisconsinThomas N. Notbohm, P.E., PTOEWyomingMichael N. GostovichU.S. DOT MemberFHWAHari KallaAASHTOAASHTOMark S. Bush, P.E., PTOEAssociate
24、 MemberBridge, Port, and TollGolden Gate BridgeMaurice Palumbo, P.E.N.J. Turnpike AuthoritySean M. HillAssociate MemberCities, Counties, and State GovernmentsCity of MinneapolisJon WertjesAssociate MemberInternationalManitobaGlenn A. Cuthbertson, P.E.Nova ScotiaBernie Clancey, P.E.SaskatchewanSukhy
25、Kent 2009 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law. 2009 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.GUID
26、ELINES FOR TRAFFIC DATA PROGRAMS ixTable of ContentsChapter 1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-11.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
27、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-11.2 Principles, Th emes, and Emerging Issues for Guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-21.3 Summary of Tra c Data Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-31.4 Structure of the Document. .
28、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-8Chapter 2 Traffic Data Collection Needs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-12.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
29、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-12.2 Tra c Count Types and Needs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-22.3 Estimating Tra c Data Collection Needs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
30、. .2-112.4 Reducing Tra c Data Collection Needs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-242.5 Estimating Sta and Resource Requirements for Tra c Data Collection . . . . . . .2-242.6 Conclusion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
31、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-322.7 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-33Chapter 3 Traffic Monitoring Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
32、 . . . . . . . . . . 3-13.1 Introduction to Data Collection Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-13.2 Equipment Technologies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-33.3 Data Collection Equipment . .
33、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-233.4 Equipment Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-453.5 Equipment Installation and Maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
34、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-493.6 Tra c Counting on Congested Roadways . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-593.7 Th e Data Implications of the Growing Emphasis on Roadway Operations . . . . . .3-613.8 Conclusion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-623.9 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-62Chapter 4 Quality Assurance for Traffic Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
36、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-14.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-14.2 Integrating Quality Assurance into Tra c Monitoring Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-34.3 What Is Da
37、ta Quality? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-104.4 Assessing Data Quality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-12 2009 by the American Association of State Highway and
38、Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.x GUIDELINES FOR TRAFFIC DATA PROGRAMSTABLE OF CONTENTS4.5 Validation Criteria for Vehicle Count, Classifi cation, and Weight Data . . . . . . . . .4-174.6 Severity Levels for Validation Criteria. . . . . . .
39、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-204.7 Other Quality Control Considerations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-224.8 Dealing with Missing Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
40、. . .4-264.9 Quality-Level Designations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-314.10 Example of Quality Assessment for WIM Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-324.11 References and Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . .
41、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-37Chapter 5 Summarizing Traffic Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-15.1 Summarizing Data from Continuous Counters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
42、. . . . . . . . . .5-15.2 Adjustment Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-85.3 Summarizing Short-Term Counts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-225.4 Estimating Precision of
43、 Tra c Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-275.5 Estimating Section-Specifi c HPMS Tra c Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-305.6 System-Level Summary Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
44、 . . . . . . . .5-335.7 Tra c Statistics for the Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide (MEPDG) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-345.8 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-35Chapter 6 Reporting and Managing Traffic Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-16.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
46、 . .6-16.2 Basis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-26.3 Database Considerations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-36.4 Disseminating
47、Tra c Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-76.5 Database Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-76.6 Tra c Data Reports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
48、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-136.7 Data Retention . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-276.8 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
49、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-35Chapter 7 Integrating Operations Data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-17.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-17.2 Current Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-37.3 Steps for Success. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
