1、Publication Code: LRFD-8 ISBN: 978-1-56051-654-5 AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications 8 thEdition November 2017 , NJD 2017 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law. American Association of State H
2、ighway and Transportation Officials 444 North Capitol Street, NW, Suite 249 Washington, DC 20001 202-624-5800 phone/202-624-5806 fax www.transportation.org Cover photos: Upper Left: Photo taken in Portland, Oregon, at the 2013 AASHTO Bridge Subcommittee meeting during the dinner cruise on the Willam
3、ette River, at sunset. This is the Tilicum Crossing used for pedestrian traffic and transit. Photo Tony Allen 2013. Upper Right: Award-winning West 7 thStreet Bridge, Ft. Worth, Texas. Photo TxDOT. Bottom Right: The new two-mile Route 52 Causeway between Somers Pont and Ocean City, NJ; completed in
4、2012, it is one of the largest bridges constructed by NJDOT in South Jersey. Photo provided by Stokes Creative Group, Inc. 2017 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law. ISBN: 978-1-56051-654-5 Pub Co
5、de: LRFD-8 2017 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.i AASHTO EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE 2016 2017 Voting Members OFFICERS: PRESIDENT: David Bernhardt, Maine* VICE PRESIDENT: John Schroer, Tennessee* SEC
6、RETARY-TREASURER: Carlos Braceras, Utah EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR: Bud Wright, Washington, D. C. REGIONAL REPRESENTATIVES: REGION I: Leslie Richards, Pennsylvania Pete Rahn, Maryland REGION II: Charles Kilpatrick, Virginia James Bass, Texas REGION III: Randall S. Blankenhorn, Illinois Patrick McKenna, Miss
7、ouri REGION IV: Carlos Braceras, Utah Mike Tooley, Montana IMMEDIATE PAST PRESIDENT: vacant *Elected at the 2016 Annual Meeting in Boston, Massachusetts Nonvoting Members Executive Director: Bud Wright, Washington, DC 2017 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. Al
8、l rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.ii HIGHWAY SUBCOMMITTEE ON BRIDGES AND STRUCTURES, 2016 GREGG FREDRICK, Chair BRUCE V. JOHNSON, Vice Chair JOSEPH L. HARTMANN, Federal Highway Administration, Secretary PATRICIA J. BUSH, AASHTO Liaison ALABAMA, Eric J. Christie, William
9、 “Tim” Colquett, Randall B. Mullins ALASKA, Richard A. Pratt ARIZONA, David B. Benton, David L. Eberhart, Pe-Shen Yang ARKANSAS, Charles “Rick” Ellis CALIFORNIA, Susan Hida, Thomas A. Ostrom, Dolores Valls COLORADO, Behrooz Far, Stephen Harelson, Jessica Martinez CONNECTICUT, Timothy D. Fields DELAW
10、ARE, Barry A. Benton, Jason Hastings DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, Donald L. Cooney, Konjit C. “Connie” Eskender, Richard Kenney FLORIDA, Sam Fallaha, Dennis William Potter, Jeff Pouliotte GEORGIA, Bill DuVall, Steve Gaston HAWAII, James Fu IDAHO, Matthew Farrar ILLINOIS, Tim A. Armbrecht, Carl Puzey INDIAN
11、A, Anne M. Rearick IOWA, Ahmad Abu-Hawash, Norman L. McDonald KANSAS, Mark E. Hoppe, John P. Jones KENTUCKY, Mark Hite, Marvin Wolfe LOUISIANA, Arthur DAndrea, Paul Fossier, Zhengzheng “Jenny” Fu MAINE, Jeffrey S. Folsom, Wayne Frankhauser, Michael Wight MARYLAND, Earle S. Freedman, Jeffrey L. Rober
12、t, Gregory Scott Roby MASSACHUSETTS, Alexander K. Bardow, Thomas Donald, Joseph Rigney MICHIGAN, Matthew Jack Chynoweth, David Juntunen MINNESOTA, Arielle Ehrlich, Kevin Western MISSISSIPPI, Austin Banks, Justin Walker, Scott Westerfield MISSOURI, Dennis Heckman, Scott Stotlemeyer MONTANA, Kent M. B
13、arnes, David F. Johnson NEBRASKA, Mark Ahlman, Fouad Jaber, Mark J. Traynowicz NEVADA, Troy Martin, Jessen Mortensen NEW HAMPSHIRE, David L. Scott, Peter Stamnas NEW JERSEY, Xiaohua “Hannah” Cheng, Nagnath “Nat” Kasbekar, Eli D. Lambert NEW MEXICO, Ted L. Barber, Raymond M. Trujillo, Jeff C. Vigil N
14、EW YORK, Wahid Albert, Richard Marchione NORTH CAROLINA, Brian Hanks, Scott Hidden, Thomas Koch NORTH DAKOTA, Terrence R. Udland OHIO, Alexander B.C. Dettloff, Timothy J. Keller OKLAHOMA, Steven Jacobi, Walter Peters OREGON, Bruce V. Johnson, Tanarat Potisuk, Hormoz Seradj PENNSYLVANIA, James M. Lon
15、g,Thomas P. Macioce, Lou Ruzzi PUERTO RICO, (Vacant) RHODE ISLAND, Georgette Chahine SOUTH CAROLINA, Barry W. Bowers, Terry B. Koon, Jeff Sizemore SOUTH DAKOTA, Steve Johnson TENNESSEE, John S. Hastings, Wayne J. Seger TEXAS,Bernie Carrasco, Jamie F. Farris, Gregg A. Freeby U.S. DOT, Joseph L. Hartm
16、ann UTAH, Carmen Swanwick, Cheryl Hersh Simmons, Joshua Sletten VERMONT, James LaCroix, Wayne B. Symonds VIRGINIA, Prasad L. Nallapaneni, Kendal R. Walus WASHINGTON, Tony M. Allen, Thomas E. Baker, Bijan Khaleghi WEST VIRGINIA, Ahmed Mongi, Billy Varney 2017 by the American Association of State High
17、way and Transportation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.iii WISCONSIN, Scot Becker, William C. Dreher, William Olivia WYOMING, Paul G. Cortez, Gregg C. Frederick, Michael E. Menghini GOLDEN GATE BRIDGE, HIGHWAY AND TRANSPORTATION DISTRICT, Kary H. Witt MDT
18、A, Dan Williams N.J. TURNPIKE AUTHORITY, Richard J. Raczynski N.Y. STATE BRIDGE AUTHORITY, Jeffrey Wright PENN. TURNPIKE COMMISSION, James Stump U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY, Phillip W. Sauser, Christopher H. Westbrook U.S. COAST GUARD, Kamal Elnahal U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICUL
19、TURE FOREST SERVICE, John R. Kattell KOREA, Eui-Joon Lee, Sang-Soon Lee SASKATCHEWAN, Howard Yea TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD, Waseem Dekelbab 2017 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law. FOREWORD
20、The first broadly recognized national standard for the design and construction of bridges in the United States was published in 1931 by the American Association of State Highway Officials (AASHO), the predecessor to AASHTO. With the advent of the automobile and the establishment of highway departmen
21、ts in all of the American states dating back to just before the turn of the century, the design, construction, and maintenance of most U.S. bridges was the responsibility of these departments and, more specifically, the chief bridge engineer within each department. It was natural, therefore, that th
22、ese engineers, acting collectively as the AASHTO Highway Subcommittee on Bridges and Structures, would become the author and guardian of this first bridge standard. This first publication was entitled Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges and Incidental Structures. It quickly became the de fac
23、to national standard and, as such, was adopted and used by not only the state highway departments but also other bridge-owning authorities and agencies in the United States and abroad. Rather early on, the last three words of the original title were dropped and it has been reissued in consecutive ed
24、itions at approximately four-year intervals ever since as Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges, with the final 17th edition appearing in 2002. The body of knowledge related to the design of highway bridges has grown enormously since 1931 and continues to do so. Theory and practice have evolve
25、d greatly, reflecting advances through research in understanding the properties of materials, in improved materials, in more rational and accurate analysis of structural behavior, in the advent of computers and rapidly advancing computer technology, in the study of external events representing parti
26、cular hazards to bridges such as seismic events and stream scour, and in many other areas. The pace of advances in these areas has, if anything, stepped up in recent years. In 1986, the Subcommittee submitted a request to the AASHTO Standing Committee on Research to undertake an assessment of U.S. b
27、ridge design specifications, to review foreign design specifications and codes, to consider design philosophies alternative to those underlying the Standard Specifications, and to render recommendations based on these investigations. This work was accomplished under the National Cooperative Highway
28、Research Program (NCHRP), an applied research program directed by the AASHTO Standing Committee on Research and administered on behalf of AASHTO by the Transportation Research Board (TRB). The work was completed in 1987, and, as might be expected with a standard incrementally adjusted over the years
29、, the Standard Specifications were judged to include discernible gaps, inconsistencies, and even some conflicts. Beyond this, the specification did not reflect or incorporate the most recently developing design philosophy, load-and-resistance factor design (LRFD), a philosophy which has been gaining
30、 ground in other areas of structural engineering and in other parts of the world such as Canada and Europe. From its inception until the early 1970s, the sole design philosophy embedded within the Standard Specifications was one known as working stress design (WSD). WSD establishes allowable stresse
31、s as a fraction or percentage of a given materials load-carrying capacity, and requires that calculated design stresses not exceed those allowable stresses. Beginning in the early 1970s, WSD began to be adjusted to reflect the variable predictability of certain load types, such as vehicular loads an
32、d wind forces, through adjusting design factors, a design philosophy referred to as load factor design (LFD). A further philosophical extension results from considering the variability in the properties of structural elements, in similar fashion to load variabilities. While considered to a limited e
33、xtent in LFD, the design philosophy of load-and- resistance factor design (LRFD) takes variability in the behavior of structural elements into account in an explicit manner. LRFD relies on extensive use of statistical methods, but sets forth the results in a manner readily usable by bridge designers
34、 and analysts. With this edition, the eighth, of the AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications, Interim Specifications will no longer be issued. Instead, changes balloted and approved by at least two-thirds of the members of the Subcommittee will be published in the next full edition of the Specifica
35、tions, to be published on a three-year cycle. AASHTO members include the 50 State Highway or Transportation Departments, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico. Each member has one vote. The U.S. Department of Transportation is a non-voting member. Orders for Specifications may be placed by visit
36、ing our web site, bookstore.transportation.org; calling the AASHTO Publication Sales Office toll free (within the U.S. and Canada), 1-800-231-3475; or mailing to P.O. Box 933538, Atlanta, GA 31193-3538. A free copy of the current publication catalog can be downloaded from our website or requested fr
37、om the Publications Sales Office. 2017 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.v Attention is also directed to the following publications prepared and published by the Subcommittee on Bridges and Str
38、uctures: AASHTO Guide for Commonly Recognized (CoRe) Structural Elements. 1998. AASHTO Guide Manual for Bridge Element Inspection. 2011. AASHTO Guide Specifications for Horizontally Curved Steel Girder Highway Bridges with Design Examples for I-Girder and Box-Girder Bridges. 2003. Archived. AASHTO G
39、uide Specifications Thermal Effects in Concrete Bridge Superstructures . 1989. Archived but download available. AASHTO LRFD Bridge Construction Specifications. 2010. AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Guide Specifications for GFRP -Reinforced Concrete Bridge Decks and Traffic Railings. 2009. AASHTO LRFD Mova
40、ble Highway Bridge Design Specifications. 2007. Bridge Data Exchange (BDX) Technical Data Guide. 1995. Archived. Bridge Security Guidelines, 2011. Bridge Welding Code: AASHTO/AWS D1.5M/D1.5:2010, an American National Standard. 2015. Construction Handbook for Bridge Temporary Works. 2017. Guide Desig
41、n Specifications for Bridge Temporary Works. 2017. Guide for Painting Steel Structures. 1997. Archived. Guide Manual for Condition Evaluation and Load and Resistance Factor Rating (LRFR) of Highway Bridges . 2003. Archived but download available. Guide Specifications and Commentary for Vessel Collis
42、ion Design of Highway Bridges . 2009. Archived, download available. Guide Specifications for Alternate Load Facto r Design Procedures for Steel Beam Bridges Using Braced Compact Sections. 1991. Archived. Guide Specifications for Aluminum Highway Bridges. 1991. Archived. Guide Specifications for Brid
43、ge Railings. 1989. Archived. Guide Specifications for Design and Construction of Segmental Concrete Bridges. 1999. Guide Specifications for Fatigue Evaluation of Existing Steel Bridges. 1990. Archived but download available. Guide Specifications for Highway Bridge Fabrication with HPS 70W (HPS 485W)
44、 Steel . 2003. Archived but download available. Guide Specifications for Seismic Isolation Design. 2014. Guide Specifications for Strength Design of Truss Bridges (Load Factor Design) . 1986. Archived but download available. Guide Specifications for Strength Evaluation of Existing Steel and Concrete
45、 Bridges . 1989. A rchived but download available. Guide Specifications for Structural Design of Sound Barriers. 1989. Archived but download available. Guide Specifications for the Design of Stress-Laminated Wood Decks. 1991. Archived but download available. 2017 by the American Association of State
46、 Highway and Transportation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.vi Guidelines for Bridge Management Systems. 1993. Archived but download available. LRFD Guide Specifications for Design of Pedestrian Bridges. 2009. The Manual for Bridge Evaluation. 2011. Movab
47、le Bridge Inspection, Evaluation, and Maintenance Manual. 2017. Standard Specifications for Movable Highway Bridges. 1988. Archived but download available. Standard Specifications for Structural Supports for Highway Signs, Luminaires, and Traffic Signals. 2009. Technical Manual for Design and Constr
48、uction of Road TunnelsCivil Elements. 2010. Additional bridges and structures publications prepared and published by other AASHTO committees and task forces are as follows: AASHTO Maintenance Manual: The Maintenance and Management of Roadways and Bridges. 2007. Guide Specifications for Cathodic Prot
49、ection of Concrete Bridge Decks. 1994. Archived but download available. Guide Specifications for Concrete Overlay of Pavements and Bridge Decks . 1990. Archived but download available. Guide Specifications for Polymer Concrete Bridge Deck Overlays. 1995. Guide Specifications for Shotcrete Repair of Highway
