1、first edition 2012frp tubes for flexural and axial membersforlrfd guide specifications 2012 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.ISBN: 978-1-56051-559-3 Pub Code: LRFDFRP-1 444 North Capitol Street
2、, NW Suite 249 Washington, DC 20001 202-624-5800 phone/202-624-5806 fax www.transportation.org 2012 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law. Cover photograph courtesy of David Sherlock, Maine DOT. 20
3、12 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.iii EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE 20122013 Voting Members Officers: President: Michael P. Lewis, Rhode Island Vice President: Mike Hancock, Kentucky Secretary-Treasure
4、r: Carlos Braceras, Utah Regional Representatives: REGION I: James P. Redeker, Connecticut, One-Year Term Chris Clement, New Hampshire, Two-Year Term REGION II: Eugene Conti, North Carolina, One-Year Term Sheri LeBas, Louisiana, Two-Year Term REGION III: Mark Gottlieb, Wisconsin, One-Year Term Paul
5、Trombino, Iowa, Two-Year Term REGION IV: John Cox, Wyoming, One-Year Term John Halikowski, Arizona, Two-Year Term Nonvoting Members Immediate Past President: Kirk T. Steudle, P.E., Michigan AASHTO Executive Director: John C. Horsley, Washington, DC 2012 by the American Association of State Highway a
6、nd Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.iv HIGHWAY SUBCOMMITTEE ON BRIDGES AND STRUCTURES 2012 MALCOLM T. KERLEY, Chair BRUCE V. JOHNSON, Vice Chair M. MYINT LWIN, Federal Highway Administration, Secretary RAJ AILANEY, Federal Highway Administrat
7、ion, Assistant Secretary KELLEY REHM, AASHTO Liaison KEITH PLATTE, AASHTO Liaison ALABAMA, John F. “Buddy” Black, Eric J. Christie, William “Tim” Colquett ALASKA, Richard A. Pratt ARIZONA, Jean A. Nehme ARKANSAS, Carl Fuselier CALIFORNIA, Barton J. Newton, Susan Hida, Michael Keever COLORADO, Mark A
8、. Leonard, Michael G. Salamon CONNECTICUT, Timothy D. Fields DELAWARE , Barry A. Benton, Jason Hastings, Douglass Robb DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, Ronaldo T. “Nick” Nicholson, L. Donald Cooney, Konjit “Connie” Eskender FLORIDA, Sam Fallaha, Dennis Golabek, Jeff Pouliotte GEORGIA, Paul V. Liles, Jr. HAWAII
9、 , Paul T. Santo IDAHO, Matthew M. Farrar ILLINOIS, D. Carl Puzey, Tim Armbrecht INDIANA, Anne M. Rearick IOWA , Norman L. McDonald KANSAS, Loren R. Risch, James J. Brennan KENTUCKY, Mark Hite, Marvin Wolfe LOUISIANA, Hossein Ghara, Arthur DAndrea, Paul Fossier MAINE, David B. Sherlock, Jeffrey S. F
10、olsom, Wayne Frankhauser MARYLAND, Earle S. Freedman, Jeffrey L. Robert MASSACHUSETTS, Alexander K. Bardow, Shoukry Elnahal, Walter P. Heller MICHIGAN, David Juntunen, Matthew Chynoweth MINNESOTA, Nancy Daubenberger, Kevin Western MISSISSIPPI, Nick J. Altobelli, Justin Walker MISSOURI, Dennis Heckma
11、n, Scott B. Stotlemeyer MONTANA, Kent M. Barnes NEBRASKA, Mark J. Traynowicz, Mark Ahlman, Fouad Jaber NEVADA, Mark P. Elicegui, Todd Stefonowicz NEW HAMPSHIRE , Mark W. Richardson, David L. Scott NEW JERSEY , Eli “Dave” Lambert III NEW MEXICO , Raymond M. Trujillo, Jeff C. Vigil NEW YORK , Richard
12、Marchione, Wahid Albert NORTH CAROLINA, Greg R. Perfetti NORTH DAKOTA, Terrence R. Udland OHIO, Timothy J. Keller, Jawdat Siddiqi OKLAHOMA, Robert J. Rusch, Walter Peters, John A. Schmiedel OREGON, Bruce V. Johnson, Hormoz Seradj PENNSYLVANIA, Thomas P. Macioce, Lou Ruzzi PUERTO RICO, (Vacant) RHODE
13、 ISLAND, David Fish SOUTH CAROLINA, Barry W. Bowers, Jeff Sizemore SOUTH DAKOTA, Kevin Goeden TENNESSEE, Wayne J. Seger, Henry Pate TEXAS, Gregg A. Freeby, Keith L. Ramsey U.S. DOT, M. Myint Lwin, Raj Ailaney UTAH, Carmen Swanwick, Joshua Sletten VERMONT, Wayne B. Symonds VIRGINIA, Kendal “Ken” Walu
14、s, Prasad L. Nallapaneni, Julius F. J. Volgyi, Jr. WASHINGTON , Jugesh Kapur, Tony M. Allen, Bijan Khaleghi WEST VIRGINIA , Gregory Bailey WISCONSIN , Scot Becker, Beth A. Cannestra, William C. Dreher WYOMING , Keith R. Fulton, Paul G. Cortez, Michael E. Menghini GOLDEN GATE BRIDGE, HIGHWAY AND TRAN
15、SPORTATION DISTRICT, Kary H. Witt MDTA, Dan Williams N.J. TURNPIKE AUTHORITY, Richard J. Raczynski N.Y. STATE BRIDGE AUTHORITY, William J. Moreau PENN. TURNPIKE COMMISSION, James L. Stump U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERSDEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY, Phillip W. Sauser, Christopher H. Westbrook U.S. COAST GUARD
16、, Kamal Elnahal U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREFOREST SERVICE, Tom Gillens ALBERTA, Lloyd Atkin KOREA, Eui-Joon Lee, Sang-Soon Lee NEWFOUNDLAND , Peter Lest ONTARIO, Bala Tharmabala SASKATCHEWAN , Howard Yea TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD, Waseem Dekelbab 2012 by the American Association of State High
17、way and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.v FOREWORD LRFD Guide Specifications for Design of Concrete-Filled FRP Tubes for Flexural and Axial Members, First Edition (2012) was developed as a collaborative effort between Dr. Amir Fam of Queens
18、University, Ontario, the University of Maine, and Advanced Infrastructure Technologies with review and approval by the AASHTO T-6 Technical Subcommittee for Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites. The basis of this document was derived from a large body of research published over the past 15 years by a
19、 variety of research institutions. These resources can be found in the references sections of this document. AASHTO Subcommittee on Bridges and Structures 2012 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.
20、vi ACKNOWLEDGMENTS AASHTO would like to express our special thanks to those who directly contributed to the development of these Guide Specifications: Queens University, Kingston, Ontario Dr. Amir Fam, Ph.D., P.E., Professor and Canada Research Chair in Innovative and Retrofitted Structures Universi
21、ty of Maine, Orono, ME Dr. William Davids, Ph.D., P.E., John C. Bridge Professor of Civil Engineering and Department Chair Dr. Habib Dagher, Ph.D., P.E., Director, AEWC Advanced Structures and Composites Center and Professor of Civil/Structural Engineering Advanced Infrastructure Technologies, Orono
22、, ME Matthew Pellerin, Product Research and Development Coordinator Daniel Bannon, Bridge Design Engineer Jonathan Kenerson, Manufacturing Manager Furthermore, the first edition reviews and contributions of the following members of the T-6 Technical Committee on Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites a
23、re also acknowledged: Paul V. Liles, Jr. Chair, Georgia Department of Transportation David B. Sherlock, Vice Chair, Maine Department of Transportation Jeffrey L. Robert, Maryland Department of Transportation Wahid Albert, New York Department of Transportation Sam Fallaha, Florida Department of Trans
24、portation Matthew Chynoweth, Michigan Department of Transportation Timothy J. Keller, Ohio Department of Transportation Michael Keever, California Department of Transportation Lou Triandafilou, U.S. Department of Transportation 2012 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Off
25、icials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.vii PREFACE This new AASHTO publication, LRFD Guide Specifications for Design of Concrete-Filled FRP Tubes for Flexural and Axial Members, First Edition (2012), comprises three sections: Section 1Introduction Section 2Concrete-
26、Filled FRP Tubes (CFFTs) Section 3Material Specifications A list of references is included at the end of each section. AASHTO Publications Staff December 2012 2012 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable
27、law.1-i SECTION 1: INTRODUCTION TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.1SCOPE . 1-1 1.2DEFINITIONS . 1-1 1.3LIMITATIONS 1-2 1.4DESIGN PHILOSOPHY . 1-2 1.5REFERENCES 1-2 2012 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.1-1 S
28、ECTION 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1SCOPE These Specifications present provisions for the analysis and design of concrete-filled fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) tubes (CFFT) for use as structural components in bridges. Design methodology presented in this specification allows CFFTs to be designed as flexural me
29、mbers, axial compression members, or members subjected to combined flexural and axial compression, in addition to shear. CFFT bridge components may include beams, arches, columns, and piles. C1.1 FRP materials have emerged as an alternative material to steel reinforcement for concrete structures. Th
30、ey offer advantages over steel reinforcement due to their noncorrosive nature and nonconductive behavior. FRP is a also a versatile material that can be produced in many forms such as reinforcing bars, grids, rigid plates, flexible sheets, and several structural shapes, including tubes. This specifi
31、cation is focused on one application of FRP in the form of tubes used as structural stay-in-place forms filled with concrete Fardis and Khalili (1981), Nanni and Bradford (1995), Mirmiran and Shahawy (1996), Davol (1998), Burgueo (1999), Fam (2000), Fam and Rizkalla (2001), Fam and Rizkalla (2002).
32、Due to differences in the physical and mechanical behavior of FRP materials as opposed to steel, particularly when used as stay-in-place structural forms, unique guidance on the engineering and construction of bridge components using this technology is needed. These Specifications are not intended t
33、o supplant proper training or the exercise of judgment by the Design Professional, and state only the minimum requirements necessary to provide public safety. The Owner or the Design Professional may require the sophistication of the design or the quality of materials and construction, or both, to b
34、e higher than the minimum requirements. The Design Professional shall be familiar with the provisions of the AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications, 6thEdition (AASHTO, 2012), hereafter referred to as “AASHTO LRFD,” and the latest interim revisions, as well as with the design of conventional reinf
35、orced concrete structures and structures exposed to earth loading. The commentary directs attention to other documents that provide suggestions for carrying out the requirements and intent of these Specifications. However, those documents and this commentary are not intended to be a part of these Sp
36、ecifications. 1.2DEFINITIONS Composite Action A condition in which two or more elements or components are made to act together by eliminating relative movements at their interface. Design ProfessionalThe architect, engineer, architectural firm, or engineering firm responsible for the design of the b
37、ridge and issuing Contract Documents or administering the Work under Contract Documents, or both. Fiber Any fine thread-like natural or synthetic object of mineral or organic origin. Note: This term is generally used for materials whose length is at least 100 times its diameter. Fiber, AramidHighly
38、oriented organic fiber derived from polyamide incorporating an aromatic ring structure. Fiber, CarbonFiber produced by heating organic precursor materials con taining a substantial amount of carbon, such as rayon, polyacrylonitrile (PAN), or pitch in an inert environment. 2012 by the American Associ
39、ation of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.LRFD GUIDE SPECIFICATIONS FOR DESIGN OF CONCRETE-FILLED 1-2 FRP TUBES FOR FLEXURAL AND AXIAL MEMBERS, 1STEDITION Fiber, Glass Fiber drawn from an inorganic product of fusion that has
40、 cooled without crystallizing. 1.3LIMITATIONS Composite action between the concrete core and FRP tube is required for a CFFT member to develop its stiffness and strength as defined in these Specifications. CFFTs that do not have sufficient bond between the concrete core and FRP tube to ensure compos
41、ite action are not addressed in these Specifications. Composite action shall be verified in accordance with Article 2.5. The assumed failure mechanism of CFFTs used as flexural members shall not be based on the formation of plastic hinges. CFFTs shall not be used as ductile earthquake resisting elem
42、ents. C1.3 Bond may be achieved by shear interlock mechanism, such as a roughened inner surface of the FRP tube or friction, or both, that can be further enhanced by the use of low-shrinkage or expansive concrete. FRP materials demonstrate a linear-elastic behavior up to failure and do not demonstra
43、te yielding, which is the basis for plastic hinge formation and moment redistribution. 1.4DESIGN PHILOSOPHY These Specifications are based on limit state design principles where structural components shall be proportioned to satisfy the requirements at all appropriate service, fatigue and creep rupt
44、ure, strength, and extreme event limit states. In many instances, serviceability or fatigue and creep rupture limits may control the design. Provisions related to limit states analyses, general design and location features, loads and load factors, and structural analysis and evaluation shall be in c
45、ompliance with AASHTO LRFD. C1.4 The limit states specified herein are intended to provide for a buildable, serviceable bridge, capable of safely carrying design loads for a specified lifetime. 1.5REFERENCES AASHTO. 2012. AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications, 6th Edition with Interims, American
46、Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Washington DC. Burgueo, R. 1999. “System Characterization and Design of Modular Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) Short- and Medium-Span Bridges,” Doctoral dissertation, UMI No. 9928617, University of California, San Diego, CA. Davol, A. 1998.
47、“Structural Characterization of Concrete Filled Fiber Reinforced Shells,” Doctoral dissertation, University of California, San Diego, CA. Fam, A. 2000. “Concrete-Filled Fibre-Reinforced Polymer Tubes for Axial and Flexural Structural Members.” Doctoral dissertation, Univeristy of Manitoba. Winnepeg,
48、 Manitoba, Canada. Fam, A. and S. Rizkalla. 2001. “Confinement Model for Axially Loaded Concrete Confined by Circular Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Tubes,” ACI Structural Journal 98(4), pp. 451461. American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI. Fam, A. and S. Rizkalla. 2002. “Flexural Behavior of Con
49、crete-Filled Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Circular Tubes,” Journal of Composites for Construction, 6(2), pp. 123132. American Society of Civil Engineers, Reston, VA. Fardis, M. N. and H. Khalili. NovemberDecember 1981. “Concrete Encased in Fibreglass-Reinforced Plastic,” ACI Structural Journal, Title No. 78-38, pp. 440446. American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI. Mirmiran, A. and M. Shahawy. 1996. “A New Concrete-Filled Hollow FRP Composite Column,” Composites Part B: Engineering, Special Issue on Infrastructure, Elsevier Science Ltd.
