1、Standard Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon and Alloy, Cold-Finished AASHTO Designation: M 169-15 ASTM Designation: A108-13 American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials 444 North Capitol Street N.W., Suite 249 Washington, D.C. 20001TS-4f M 169-1 AASHTO Standard Specification
2、for Steel Bars, Carbon and Alloy, Cold-Finished AASHTO Designation: M 169-15 ASTM Designation: A108-13 1. SCOPE 1.1. This specification covers cold-finished carbon and alloy steel bars produced in straight length and coil to chemical compositions. Cold-finished bars are suitable for heat treatment,
3、for machining into components, or for use in the as-finished condition as shafting or in constructional applications or for other similar purposes (Note 1). Grades of steel are identified by grade numbers or by chemical composition. Note 1A guide for the selection of steel bars is contained in ASTM
4、A400. 1.2. Some end uses may require one or more of the available designations shown under Supplementary Requirements. Supplementary requirements shall apply only when specified individually by the purchaser. 1.3. The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in pare
5、ntheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 2. REFERENCED DOCUMENTS 2.1. AASHTO Standard: T 244, Mechanical Testing of Steel Products 2.2. ASTM Standards: A29/A29M, Standard Specification for General Requirements for Steel
6、Bars, Carbon and Alloy, Hot-Wrought A304 Standard Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Bars Subject to End-Quench Hardenability Requirements A322, Standard Specification for Steel Bars, Alloy, Standard Grades A400, Standard Practice for Steel Bars, Selection Guide, Composition, and Mechanical Pr
7、operties A510/A510M, Standard Specification for General Requirements for Wire Rods and Coarse Round Wire, Carbon Steel, and Alloy Steel A576, Standard Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon, Hot-Wrought, Special Quality 2.3. Other Documents: SAE Handbook and SAE J1086 Recommended Practice for Numberin
8、g Metals and Alloys (UNS)1 AIST Bar Steels: Steel Product Manual2 2015 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-4f M 169-2 AASHTO 3. TERMINOLOGY 3.1. Definition: 3.1.1. product tolerance levelscold-
9、finished steel bars produced with up to three increasingly tight tolerance levels for the individual product characteristics, dependent on the method of manufacture necessary to meet purchaser-ordered specifications requirements. (Select Product Tolerance Level 1 unless otherwise specified by the pu
10、rchaser.) 4. ORDERING INFORMATION 4.1. Orders for cold-finished steel bars to this specification should include the following items to adequately describe the material: 4.1.1. Name of material; 4.1.2. AASHTO specification number and date of issue; 4.1.3. Chemical composition or steel grade designati
11、on or limits as defined in ASTM A29/A29M; 4.1.4. Silicon level (if required); 4.1.5. Additional machinability-enhancing elements (see Footnote F to Table 1 of ASTM A29/A29M); 4.1.6. Surface Condition (Surface tolerances listed in Table A1.7, Table A1.8, and Table A1.9); 4.1.7. Tolerance levels (refe
12、rence tolerances listed in Table A1.1 through Table A1.9); 4.1.8. Shape (round, hexagon, square, flat, etc.), size, and length; 4.1.9. Report of heat analysis (if required); 4.1.10. End use; 4.1.11. Additions to the specification and special or supplementary requirements (if required); and 4.1.12. F
13、or coiled product, the coil mass, inside diameter, outside diameter, and coil height limitations (when required). Note 2A typical ordering description is as follows: Steel Bar, M169, Dated _; ASTM Steel Grade1117; Coarse Grain; Cold Drawn; 1.500-in. (38.10-mm) diameter round; 12 ft (3657.61 mm) long
14、; Heat Analysis Required; Precision Machine Parts. Note 3A more complex ordering description is as follows: Steel Bar; M169, Dated _; ASTM Steel Grade1045; Fine Grain; Cold Drawn, Turned, Ground and Polished; chamfer both ends; Mechanical Property Tests Results; Hardness test; 2.000-in. (50.80-mm) d
15、iameter round; 12 ft (3657.61 mm) long; Heat Analysis Required; Precision Machined Parts. 5. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS 5.1. Material furnished under this specification shall conform to the applicable requirements of the current edition of ASTM A29/A29M. 2015 by the American Association of State Highway a
16、nd Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-4f M 169-3 AASHTO 6. MATERIALS AND MANUFACTURE 6.1. FeedstockCold-finished bars shall be produced from hot-wrought carbon or alloy steel bars (ASTM A29/A29M) or from hot-wrought rod designed for cold-fin
17、ished bars (ASTM A510/A510M). 6.2. ConditionThe product bars shall be furnished in one of the following conditions as specified by the purchaser: 6.2.1. Rounds: 6.2.1.1. Cold drawn; 6.2.1.2. Cold drawn, turned, and polished; 6.2.1.3. Cold drawn, ground, and polished; 6.2.1.4. Cold drawn, turned, gro
18、und, and polished; 6.2.1.5. Cold drawn, turned, and ground; 6.2.1.6. Hot wrought, turned, and polished; 6.2.1.7. Hot wrought, turned, ground, and polished; 6.2.1.8. Hot wrought, turned, and ground; and 6.2.1.9. Hot wrought, rough turned. 6.2.2. Squares, Hexagons: 6.2.2.1. Cold drawn, and 6.2.2.2. Co
19、ld rolled. 6.2.3. Flats: 6.2.3.1. Cold drawn, and 6.2.3.2. Cold rolled. 6.2.4. Special Bar Sections: 6.2.4.1. Cold drawn, and 6.2.4.2. Cold rolled. 6.3. Heat Treatment: 6.3.1. Unless otherwise specified, the bars shall be furnished as cold finished. Plain carbon steels with a maximum carbon greater
20、than 0.55 percent and alloy steels with a maximum carbon greater than 0.38 percent shall be annealed prior to cold finishing. 6.3.2. The following heat-treatment processes may be performed singularly or in combination: 2015 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.Al
21、l rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-4f M 169-4 AASHTO 6.3.2.1. Annealed, 6.3.2.2. Normalized, 6.3.2.3. Stress relieved, and 6.3.2.4. Quenched and tempered. 7. CHEMICAL COMPOSITION 7.1. Chemical Composition: 7.1.1. The chemical analysis of the steel shall conform to tha
22、t specified in ASTM A29/A29M for the steel grade ordered or to other limits as may be specified using the standard ranges in ASTM A29/A29M. 7.1.2. Steels may be selected from ASTM A29/A29M, A304, A322, A510/A510M, and A576; the SAE Handbook; or the AIST Bar Steels: Steel Product Manual. 7.1.3. When
23、a steel cannot be identified by a standard grade number in accordance with Sections 7.1.1 and 7.1.2, the limits for each required element may be specified using the chemical ranges shown in the table “Heat Analysis Chemical Ranges and Limits of Carbon Steel Bars” of ASTM A29/A29M. 8. TOLERANCE LEVEL
24、S 8.1. Cold-Finished BarsThe permissible dimensional variations for cold-finished carbon and alloy steel bars shall not exceed the applicable tolerance levels or limits stated in Annex A1 for inch-pound values. 9. WORKMANSHIP, FINISH, AND APPEARANCE 9.1. Workmanship: 9.1.1. Within the limits of good
25、 manufacturing and inspection practices, the bars shall be free of injurious imperfections which, due to their nature, degree, or extent, will interfere with the use of the material in machining or fabrication of suitable parts. 9.1.2. Table A1.8 contains the recommended minimum stock removal (per s
26、ide of bar) to assist in the removal of surface discontinuities in cold-finished or hot-rolled bars. 9.2. Finish: 9.2.1. Unless otherwise specified, the bars shall have a commercial bright smooth surface finish obtained by conventional cold-finishing operations such as cold drawing or cold rolling.
27、9.2.2. When a superior bar surface finish is required, bars may be obtained as: turned and polished; ground and polished; or turned, ground, and polished. (See Table A1.7.) 9.2.3. Bars that are thermally treated after cold finishing may exhibit a discolored or oxidized surface. 2015 by the American
28、Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-4f M 169-5 AASHTO 9.2.4. When diameter tolerances for round bars are more restrictive than commercial standard size tolerances listed in Table A1.1 or Table A1.2, then refer
29、 to Table A1.3 size tolerances attained from the Grinding and Polished operation. 9.3. Product Presentation/Appearance: 9.3.1. The bars shall be given a surface coating of oil or other rust inhibitor to protect against corrosion during shipment. 9.3.2. The bar bundles shall be identified, packaged,
30、and loaded to preserve the physical appearance, product tolerance, and identity of the cold-finished product, as agreed upon between the purchaser and supplier, at time of order acceptance. Note 4Steel bar or machined bar surface is a perishable quality condition and may be altered by mishandling or
31、 detrimental exposure to moisture or corrosive conditions. The preservation of surface quality requires the utmost care in subsequent customer handling, storage, or processing. Rust preventive oils are necessary to coat and provide a barrier to displace harmful moisture or corrosive conditions to pr
32、event rust. 10. CERTIFICATION 10.1. Upon request of the purchaser in the contract or order, a manufacturers certification that the material was manufactured and tested in accordance with this specification together with a report of the test results shall be furnished at the time of shipment. 11. KEY
33、WORDS 11.1. Alloy steel; carbon steel; cold finished; steel bar; turned bar. SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTS One or more of the following supplementary requirements shall be applied only when specified by the purchaser in the inquiry, contract, or order. Details of these supplementary requirements shall
34、be agreed upon in writing by the manufacturer and purchaser. Supplementary requirements shall in no way negate any requirement of the specification itself. S1. HOT-ROLLING REDUCTION RATIO S1.1. When required, purchaser may require the supplier to report the reduction ratio of the initial bloom/bille
35、t cross-sectional area to the finished hot-rolled cross-sectional area. S2. STEEL MELTING PROCESS S2.1. When required, purchaser may require the supplier to report the steel melting process (basic oxygen furnace, electric arc furnace, etc.) for each initial heat/lot number supplied to the purchaser.
36、 2015 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-4f M 169-6 AASHTO S3. STEEL REFINEMENT PROCESS S3.1. When required, purchaser may require the supplier to report the steel refinement processes perform
37、ed after melting and before casting (vacuum degassed, etc.) on the heat/lot number supplied to the purchaser. S4. CONTINUOUS CASTING PROCESS S4.1. When required, purchaser may require the supplier to report the casting process (bloom, billet, etc.) for each heat/lot number supplied to the purchaser.
38、 S5. COUNTRY OR COUNTRIES OF ORIGIN S5.1. When required, purchaser may require the supplier to report the country of origin where the steel was melted for each heat/lot number supplied to the purchaser. S5.2. When required, purchaser may require the supplier to report the country of origin where the
39、 steel was hot rolled for each heat/lot number supplied to the purchaser. S5.3. When required, purchaser may require the supplier to report the country of origin where the steel was cold finished for each heat/lot number supplied to the purchaser. S6. MECHANICAL PROPERTIES S6.1. When required, at ti
40、me of inquiry or purchase, purchaser may require the supplier to report the cold-finished steel bars mechanical properties for each heat/lot number supplied to the purchaser. Mechanical properties shall be evaluated in accordance with T 244. S7. SURFACE INSPECTION S7.1. When required, at time of inq
41、uiry or purchase, purchaser may require the supplier to inspect the cold-finished steel bars surface with a nondestructive surface inspection process to assist in the detection of most surface discontinuities that exceed the maximum allowed depth tolerances listed in Table A1.8 or other tolerances a
42、greed upon between the purchaser and supplier. Nondestructive surface inspection process has limitations and will not guarantee or warranty 100 percent detection of all surface discontinuities in a steel bar. S8. BAR MARKING S8.1. When required, bar marking specification requirements shall be agreed
43、 upon between the purchaser and supplier. 2015 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-4f M 169-7 AASHTO ANNEX (Mandatory Information) A1. PERMISSIBLE VARIATIONS IN QUALITY CHARACTERISTICSINCH-POUN
44、D AND METRIC UNIT Table A1.1Size Tolerances for Level 1 Cold-Finished Carbon Steel Bars, Cold Drawnaor Turned and PolishedaSize, mm (in.)bMaximum of Carbon Range 0.28% or less Maximum of Carbon Range over 0.28% to 0.55% incl. Maximum of Carbon Range to 0.55% incl., Stress Relieved or Annealed after
45、Cold Finishing Maximum of Carbon Range over 0.55% or All Grades Quenched and Tempered or Normalized and Tempered before or after Cold Finishing All tolerances are in millimeters (inches) and are minus.cRoundsCold Drawndto 152.4 mm (6 in.) or Turned and Polished To 38.1 (11/2) incl., in coils or cut
46、lengths 0.051 (0.002) 0.076 (0.003) 0.102 (0.004) 0.127 (0.005) Over 38.1 (11/2) to 63.50 (21/2) incl. 0.076 (0.003) 0.102 (0.004) 0.127 (0.005) 0.152 (0.006) Over 63.50 (21/2) to 101.60 (4) incl. 0.102 (0.004) 0.127 (0.005) 0.152 (0.006) 0.178 (0.007) Over 101.60 (4) to 152.40 (6) incl. 0.127 (0.00
47、5) 0.152 (0.006) 0.178 (0.007) 0.203 (0.008) Over 152.40 (6) to 203.20 (8) incl. 0.152 (0.006) 0.178 (0.007) 0.203 (0.008) 0.229 (0.009) Over 203.20 (8) to 228.60 (9) incl. 0.178 (0.007) 0.203 (0.008) 0.229 (0.009) 0.254 (0.010) Hexagons To 19.05 (3/4) incl. 0.051 (0.002) 0.076 (0.003) 0.102 (0.004)
48、 0.152 (0.006) Over 19.05 (3/4) to 38.10 (11/2) incl. 0.076 (0.003) 0.102 (0.004) 0.127 (0.005) 0.178 (0.007) Over 38.10 (11/2) to 63.50 (21/2) incl. 0.102 (0.004) 0.127 (0.005) 0.152 (0.006) 0.203 (0.008) Over 63.50 (21/2) to 79.38 (31/8) incl. 0.127 (0.005) 0.152 (0.006) 0.178 (0.007) 0.229 (0.009
49、) Over 79.38 (31/8) to 101.60 (4) incl. 0.127 (0.005) 0.152 (0.006) Squares To 19.05 (3/4) incl. 0.051 (0.002) 0.102 (0.004) 0.127 (0.005) 0.178 (0.007) Over 19.05 (3/4) to 38.10 (11/2) incl. 0.076 (0.003) 0.127 (0.005) 0.152 (0.006) 0.203 (0.008) Over 38.10 (11/2) to 63.50 (21/2) incl. 0.102 (0.004) 0.152 (0.006) 0.178 (0.007) 0.229 (0.009) Over 63.50 (21/2) to 101.60 (4) incl. 0.152 (0.006) 0.203 (0.008) 0.229 (0.009) 0.279 (0.011) Over 101.60 (4) to 127.00 (5) incl. 0.254 (0.010) Over 127.00 (5) to 152.40 (6) incl.
