1、Standard Specification for Corrugated Aluminum Pipe for Sewers and Drains AASHTO Designation: M 196-16 Release: Group 2 (June 2016) ASTM Designation: B745/B745M-95 American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials 444 North Capitol Street N.W., Suite 249 Washington, D.C. 20001TS-4b
2、M 196-1 AASHTO Standard Specification for Corrugated Aluminum Pipe for Sewers and Drains AASHTO Designation: M 196-16 Release: Group 2 (June 2016) ASTM Designation: B745/B745M-95 1. SCOPE 1.1. This specification covers corrugated aluminum pipe intended for use for storm water drainage, underdrains,
3、the construction of culverts, and similar uses. Pipe covered by this specification is not normally used for the conveyance of sanitary or industrial wastes. 1.2. This specification does not include requirements for bedding, backfill, or the relationship between earth cover load and sheet thickness o
4、f the pipe. Experience has shown that the successful performance of this product depends upon the proper selection of sheet thickness, type of bedding and backfill, controlled manufacture in the plant, and care in the installation. The purchaser must correlate the above factors and also the corrosio
5、n and abrasion requirements of the field installation with the sheet thickness. The structural design of corrugated aluminum pipe and the proper installation procedures are given in AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications and AASHTO LRFD Bridge Construction Specifications. 2. REFERENCED DOCUMENTS 2
6、.1. AASHTO Standards: M 197, Aluminum Alloy Sheet for Corrugated Aluminum Pipe M 232M/M 232, Zinc Coating (Hot-Dip) on Iron and Steel Hardware T 249, Helical Lock Seam Corrugated Pipe AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications AASHTO LRFD Bridge Construction Specifications 2.2. ASTM Standards: A563M,
7、Standard Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Nuts (Metric) B221M, Standard Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Extruded Bars, Rods, Wire, Profiles, and Tubes (Metric) B316/B316M, Standard Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Rivet and Cold-Heading Wire and Rods B633, Standard
8、 Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Zinc on Iron and Steel B666/B666M, Standard Practice for Identification Marking of Aluminum and Magnesium Products B695, Standard Specification for Coatings of Zinc Mechanically Deposited on Iron and Steel C990, Standard Specification for Joints for Co
9、ncrete Pipe, Manholes, and Precast Box Sections Using Preformed Flexible Joint Sealants 2016 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-4b M 196-2 AASHTO D1056, Standard Specification for Flexible Ce
10、llular MaterialsSponge or Expanded Rubber F467M, Standard Specification for Nonferrous Nuts for General Use (Metric) F468M, Standard Specification for Nonferrous Bolts, Hex Cap Screws, and Studs for General Use (Metric) F568M, Standard Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Externally Threaded Met
11、ric Fasteners (withdrawn 2012) F593, Standard Specification for Stainless Steel Bolts, Hex Cap Screws, and Studs F594, Standard Specification for Stainless Steel Nuts F738M, Standard Specification for Stainless Steel Metric Bolts, Screws, and Studs F836M, Standard Specification for Style 1 Stainless
12、 Steel Metric Nuts 2.3. AISI Standard: S100, North American Specification for the Design of Cold-Formed Steel Structural Members 3. TERMINOLOGY 3.1. Descriptions of Terms Specific to This Standard: 3.1.1. fabricatorthe producer of the pipe. 3.1.2. manufacturerthe producer of the sheet. 3.1.3. purcha
13、serthe purchaser of the finished product. 4. CLASSIFICATION 4.1. The corrugated aluminum pipe covered by this specification is classified as follows: 4.1.1. Type IThis pipe shall have a full circular cross section, with a single thickness of corrugated sheet, fabricated with annular (circumferential
14、) or helical corrugations. 4.1.2. Type IAThis pipe shall have a full circular cross section, with an outer shell of corrugated sheet and an inner liner of smooth (uncorrugated) sheet, fabricated with helical corrugations and lock seams. 4.1.3. Type IRThis pipe shall have a full circular cross sectio
15、n with a single thickness of smooth sheet, fabricated with helical ribs projecting outwardly. 4.1.4. Type IIThis pipe shall be a Type I pipe that has been reformed into a pipe-arch having an approximately flat bottom. 4.1.5. Type IIAThis pipe shall be a Type IA pipe that has been reformed into a pip
16、e-arch having an approximately flat bottom. 4.1.6. Type IIRThis pipe shall be a Type IR pipe that has been reformed into a pipe-arch having an approximately flat bottom. 4.1.7. Type IIIThis pipe, intended for use as underdrains or for underground disposal of water, shall be a Type I pipe that has be
17、en perforated to permit the inflow or outflow of water. 2016 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-4b M 196-3 AASHTO 4.1.8. Type IIIRThis pipe, intended for the underground disposal of water or
18、for subsurface drainage, shall be a Type IR pipe that has been perforated to permit the outflow or inflow of water. 4.2. Perforations in Type III pipe are classified as Class 1 or Class 2 and perforations in Type IIIR pipe are classified as Class 4, as described in Section 8.3.2. 5. ORDERING INFORMA
19、TION 5.1. Orders for material to this specification shall include the following information, as necessary, to adequately describe the desired product: 5.1.1. Name of material (corrugated aluminum pipe); 5.1.2. AASHTO designation and year of issue; 5.1.3. Type of pipe (Section 4.1); 5.1.4. Method of
20、fabrication for Type I and Type II pipe (Section 7.1); 5.1.5. Diameter of circular pipe (Section 8.1.1), or span and rise of pipe-arch section (Section 8.2.1); 5.1.6. Length, either total length or length of each piece and number of pieces; 5.1.7. Description of corrugations (Section 7.2); 5.1.8. Sh
21、eet thickness (Section 8.1.2); 5.1.9. Coupling bands, number, and type (Section 9.1) if special type is required; 5.1.10. Gaskets for coupling bands, if required (Section 9.3); 5.1.11. For perforated pipe, the class of perforations. If no class is specified for Type III pipe, Class 1 perforations wi
22、ll be furnished. Type IIIR pipe is furnished with Class 4 perforations only (Section 8.3.2); 5.1.12. Certification, if required (Section 13.1); and 5.1.13. Special requirements. 6. MATERIALS 6.1. Aluminum Sheet for PipeAll pipe fabricated under this specification shall be formed from aluminum alloy
23、sheet conforming to M 197. 6.2. Aluminum Sheet for Coupling BandsThe sheet used in fabricating coupling bands shall conform to M 197. 6.3. RivetsThe material used for rivets in riveted pipe shall conform to the requirements of ASTM B316/B316M for alloy 6053-T4, with the following mechanical properti
24、es: 2016 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-4b M 196-4 AASHTO Tensile strength, min, MPa 170 Yield strength, min, MPa 95 Shear strength, min, MPa 105 Elongation in 50 mm, or 4 diameter, min,
25、% 16 If bolts and nuts are substituted for rivets (see Section 7.3.1), they shall meet the following requirements for either steel bolts and nuts, stainless steel bolts and nuts, or aluminum alloy bolts and nuts: Bolts Nuts For M 196 pipe: (Steel) F568, Cl 4.6 A563M, Cl 5 (Stainless steel) F738, All
26、oy Grp A1, A2, or A4 F836, Alloy Grp A1, A2, or A4 (Aluminum alloy) F468M, Alloy 6061-T6 F467M, Alloy 6061-T6 The steel bolts and nuts shall be hot-dip galvanized in conformance with M 232M/M 232, or be mechanically galvanized in conformance with ASTM B695, Class 40. 6.4. Hardware for Coupling Bands
27、Bolts and nuts for coupling bands shall conform to the requirements shown in Section 6.3 except for the coating on steel bolts and nuts. Steel bolts, nuts, and other threaded steel items used with coupling bands shall be zinc coated by one of the following processes: hot-dip process as provided in M
28、 232M/M 232; electroplating process as provided in ASTM B633, Class Fe/Zn 8; or mechanical process as provided in ASTM B695, Class 8. Other steel hardware items used with coupling bands shall be zinc coated by one of the following processes: hot-dip process as provided in M 232M/M 232; electroplatin
29、g process as provided in ASTM B633 Class Fe/Zn 25; or mechanical process as provided in ASTM B695, Class 25. Aluminum angles and lugs shall conform to the requirements of ASTM B221M for alloy 6063-T6. 6.5. GasketsIf gaskets are used in couplings, they shall be a band of expanded rubber meeting the r
30、equirements of ASTM D1056 for the “RE” closed cell grades, or O-rings meeting the requirements of ASTM C990. 7. FABRICATION 7.1. General RequirementsPipe shall be fabricated in full circular cross section. 7.1.1. Type I pipe shall have annular corrugations with lap joints fastened with rivets or sha
31、ll have helical corrugations with a continuous lock seam extending from end to end of each length of pipe. As there are important differences in the structural characteristics of annular riveted pipe versus helical pipe, it is important for the purchaser to stipulate, for Type I and Type II pipe, th
32、e method of fabrication desired. If the method of fabrication is not stated in the ordering information, the fabrication method shall be at the option of the fabricator. 7.1.2. Type IA pipe shall be fabricated with a smooth liner and helically corrugated shell integrally attached at helical lock sea
33、ms extending from end to end of each length of pipe. The shell shall have corrugations of nominal 68- or 75-mm pitch. 7.1.3. Type IR pipe shall be fabricated with helical ribs projecting outward with a continuous lock seam extending from end to end of each length of pipe. 2016 by the American Associ
34、ation of State Highway and Transportation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-4b M 196-5 AASHTO 7.2. CorrugationsThe corrugations shall be either annular or helical as provided in Section 7.1. The direction of the crests and valleys of helical corrugations
35、 shall not be less than 60 degrees from the axis of the pipe for pipe diameters larger than 525 mm, and not less than 45 degrees from the axis for pipe diameters of 525 mm and smaller. 7.2.1. For Type I and IA pipe, corrugations shall form smooth continuous curves and tangents. The dimensions of the
36、 corrugations shall be in accordance with Table 1 for the size indicated in the order. Table 1Corrugated Requirements for Types I, IA, II, and III Pipe Nominal Size, mm Max Pitch,amm Min Depth,bmm Inside RadiuscNominal, mm Min, mm 38 by 6.5d48 6.0 7 6.5 68 by 13 73 12e17 12 75 by 25 83 24 14 12 150
37、by 25 160 24 56 51 aPitch is measured from crest to crest of corrugations, at 90 degrees to the direction of the corrugations. bDepth is measured as the vertical distance from a straightedge resting on the corrugation crests parallel to the axis of the pipe, to the bottom of the intervening valley.
38、cMinimum inside radius requirement does not apply to a corrugation containing a helical lock seam. dThe corrugation size of 38 by 6.5 mm is available only in helically corrugated pipe. eFor pipe 300- to 525-mm diameter inclusive, the minimum corrugation depth shall be 11 mm. 7.2.2. For Type IR pipe,
39、 the corrugations shall be essentially rectangular ribs projecting outward from the pipe wall. The dimensions and spacings of the ribs shall be in accordance with Table 2 for the size indicated in the order. For the 292-mm rib spacing, a stiffener shall be included midway between the ribs if the she
40、et between the ribs does not include a lock seam. This stiffener shall have a nominal radius of 6.4 mm and a minimum height of 5.1 mm toward the outside of the pipe. Note 1When requested by the purchaser, the pipe manufacturer shall provide independent verification that the nominal dimensions of the
41、 profile supplied meet or exceed the effective sectional properties published in ASTM A796/A796M. Such effective sectional properties shall be determined in accordance with AISI S100. Table 2Rib Requirements for Type IR Pipe Nominal Size, mm Rib Bottom Outside Radius, Min, mm Bottom Outside Radius,d
42、Max Avg, mm Top Outside Radius, Min, mm Top Outside Radius,dMax Avg, mm Width,aMin, mm Depth,bMin, mm Spacing,cMax, mm 19 by 19 by 190 17 19 197 2.5 12.0 2.5 + t 12.0 + t 19 by 25 by 292 17 24 298 2.5 12.0 2.5 + t 12.0 + t aWidth is a dimension of the inside of the rib, but is measured on the outsid
43、e of the pipe (outside of the rib) and shall meet or exceed the stated minimum width plus two times the wall thickness; that is, 2t + 17 mm. Rib width measurements shall be taken at the top and bottom of the rib. The maximum allowable difference between the top and bottom rib width measurements is 0
44、.1875 in. (4.8 mm). bDepth is an average of three ribs (one sheet width) measured from the inside by placing a straightedge across the open rib and measuring to the bottom of the ribs. cSpacing is an average of three ribs (one sheet width) measured center-to-center of the ribs at 90 degrees to the d
45、irection of the ribs. dThe average of the four-rib radii (Top and Bottom) shall be within the minimum and maximum tolerances. The outside radius refers to the surface outside of the pipe. Note 2The nominal dimensions and properties for smooth corrugations and for ribs are given in AASHTO LRFD Bridge
46、 Design Specifications, Section 12. 7.3. Riveted SeamsThe longitudinal seams shall be staggered to the extent that no more than three thicknesses of sheet are fastened by any rivet. Pipe to be reformed into pipe-arch shape shall have seams meeting the longitudinal seam requirement of Section 8.2.2.
47、2016 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-4b M 196-6 AASHTO Note 3Fabrication of pipe without longitudinal seams in 120 degrees of arc, so that the pipe may be installed without longitudinal se
48、ams in the invert, is subject to negotiation between the purchaser and fabricator. 7.3.1. The size of rivets, number per corrugation, and width of lap at the longitudinal seam shall be as stated in Table 3, depending on sheet thickness, corrugation size, and diameter of pipe. For pipe with 25-mm dee
49、p corrugations, M12 diameter bolts and nuts may be used in lieu of rivets on a one-for-one replacement ratio. Circumferential seams shall be riveted using rivets of the same size as for longitudinal seams and shall have a maximum rivet spacing of 150 mm measured on centers, except that six rivets will be sufficient in 300-mm diameter pipe. Table 3Riveted Longitudinal Seams Specified Sheet Thickness, mm Nominal Corrugation Size 68 by 13 mma,b75 by 25 mmc,d150 by 25 mmd,eRivet Diameters, Min, mm 1.52 8.0 9.5 12.7
