1、Standard Specification for Precast Reinforced Concrete Manhole Sections AASHTO Designation: M 199M/M 199-171Technical Section: 4a, Concrete Drainage Structures Release: Group 2 (June 2017) ASTM Designation: C478M-15a and C478-15a American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials 444
2、 North Capitol Street N.W., Suite 249 Washington, D.C. 20001 TS-4a M 199M/M 199-1 AASHTO Standard Specification for Precast Reinforced Concrete Manhole Sections AASHTO Designation: M 199M/M 199-171Technical Section: 4a, Concrete Drainage Structures Release: Group 2 (June 2017) ASTM Designation: C478
3、M-15a and C478-15a PART IGENERAL 1. SCOPE 1.1. This specification covers the manufacture and purchase requirements of products used for the assembly and construction of circular vertical precast reinforced concrete manholes and structures used in sewer, drainage, and water works. 1.2. Part I (Sectio
4、ns 1 through 11) of this specification presents general requirements and requirements that are common to each precast concrete product covered by this specification. 1.3. Part II of this specification presents specific requirements for each manhole product in the following sections: Product Section
5、Grade rings 12 Flat slab tops 13 Risers and conical tops 14 Base sections 15 Steps and ladders 16 Note 1Future products will be included in Part II in a future revision of this specification. 1.4. This specification is applicable for orders in either SI units (M 199M) or in inch-pound units (M 199).
6、 SI units and inch-pound units are not necessarily equivalent. Inch-pound units are shown in brackets in the text for clarity, but they are the applicable values when the material is ordered to M 199. Note 2This specification is a manufacturing and purchase specification only, and does not include r
7、equirements for backfill, or the relationship between field load conditions and the strength requirements of the manhole products and appurtenances. Experience has shown, however, that the successful performance of this product depends on the proper selection of the product strength, type of foundat
8、ion and backfill, and care in the field installation of the manhole products and connecting pipes. The owner of the project for which these products are specified herein is cautioned to require inspection at the construction site. 2017 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation
9、Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-4a M 199M/M 199-2 AASHTO 2. REFERENCED DOCUMENTS 2.1. AASHTO Standards: M 6, Fine Aggregate for Hydraulic Cement Concrete M 31M/M 31, Deformed and Plain Carbon and Low-Alloy Steel Bars for Concrete Reinforcement M 32M/M 3
10、2, Steel Wire, Plain, for Concrete Reinforcement M 55M/M 55, Steel Welded Wire Reinforcement, Plain, for Concrete M 80, Coarse Aggregate for Hydraulic Cement Concrete M 85, Portland Cement M 154M/M 154, Air-Entraining Admixtures for Concrete M 157, Ready-Mixed Concrete M 194M/M 194, Chemical Admixtu
11、res for Concrete M 221M/M 221, Steel Welded Wire Reinforcement, Deformed, for Concrete M 225M/M 225, Steel Wire, Deformed, for Concrete Reinforcement M 240M/M 240, Blended Hydraulic Cement M 262, Concrete Pipe and Related Products M 295, Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use in C
12、oncrete M 302, Slag Cement for Use in Concrete and Mortars T 22, Compressive Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens T 280, Concrete Pipe, Manhole Sections, or Tile 2.2. ASTM Standards: A706/A706M, Standard Specification for Deformed and Plain Low-Alloy Steel Bars for Concrete Reinforcement C309-
13、03, Standard Specification for Liquid Membrane-Forming Compounds for Curing Concrete C1017/C1017M, Standard Specification for Chemical Admixtures for Use in Producing Flowing Concrete 2.3. ACI Standard: 318, Building Code, Requirements for Reinforced Concrete 3. TERMINOLOGY 3.1. DefinitionsFor defin
14、itions of terms relating to concrete manholes, see M 262. 4. MATERIALS AND MANUFACTURE 4.1. General material requirements for precast reinforced concrete manhole products are presented in Sections 4.1.1 through 4.1.8. Other materials or additional requirements for a product, if any, are covered in t
15、he Part II section for that specific product. 4.1.1. Reinforced ConcreteThe reinforced concrete shall consist of cementitious materials, mineral aggregates, and water, in which steel reinforcement has been embedded in such a manner so that the steel reinforcement and concrete act together. 2017 by t
16、he American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-4a M 199M/M 199-3 AASHTO 4.1.2. Cementitious Materials: 4.1.2.1. CementCement shall conform to the requirements for portland cement of M 85, or shall be portland
17、 blast-furnace slag cement or portland-pozzolan cement conforming to the requirements of M 240M/M 240, except that the pozzolan constituent in the Type IP portland-pozzolan cement shall be fly ash. 4.1.2.2. Fly AshFly ash shall conform to the requirements of Class F or Class C of M 295. 4.1.2.3. Sla
18、g CementSlag cement shall conform to the requirements of Grade 100 or 120 of M 302. 4.1.3. Allowable Combinations of Cementitious MaterialsThe combination of cementitious materials used in the concrete shall be one of the following: 4.1.3.1. Portland cement only, 4.1.3.2. Portland blast-furnace slag
19、 cement only, 4.1.3.3. Slag modified portland cement only, 4.1.3.4. Portland-pozzolan cement only, 4.1.3.5. A combination of portland cement and ground granulated blast-furnace slag, 4.1.3.6. A combination of portland cement and fly ash, or 4.1.3.7. A combination of portland cement, ground granulate
20、d blast-furnace slag (not to exceed 25 percent of the total cementitious weight). 4.1.4. AggregatesAggregates shall conform to M 6 and M 80, except that the requirement for gradation shall not apply. 4.1.5. Admixtures and BlendsAdmixtures and blends shall only be used with the approval of the owner.
21、 4.1.5.1. Air-entraining admixture conforming to M 154M/M 154; 4.1.5.2. Chemical admixture conforming to M 194M/M 194; 4.1.5.3. Chemical admixture for use in producing flowing concrete conforming to ASTM C1017/C1017M; 4.1.5.4. Chemical admixture or blend approved by the owner. 4.1.6. Steel Reinforce
22、mentReinforcement shall consist of wire conforming to M 32M/M 32 or M 225M/M 225, of wire fabric conforming to M 55M/M 55 or M 221M/M 221, or of bars of Grade 300 40 steel conforming to M 31M/M 31, or bars confirming to ASTM A706/A706M. 4.1.7. Secondary Synthetic FiberCollated fibrillated polypropyl
23、ene virgin fibers shall not be prohibited when used in steel reinforced concrete manholes as a nonstructural manufacturing enhancement. Only fibers designed and manufactured specifically for use in concrete and so certified by the manufacturer shall be accepted. 4.1.8. WaterMix water shall conform w
24、ith M 157, Section 4.1.4, with a maximum limit of 0.15 percent chloride. 2017 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-4a M 199M/M 199-4 AASHTO 4.1.9. Other MaterialsOther materials required for a p
25、roduct and not covered in Section 4 will be covered in the Part II section for that specific product. 5. DESIGN 5.1. Design requirements for a product are prescribed in the specific Part II section for that product. 5.1.1. The minimum compressive strength of concrete manhole products covered by this
26、 specification shall be 27.6 MPa 4000 psi unless specified otherwise in Part II of this specification. 5.2. Modified or Special Design: 5.2.1. Manufacturers are not prohibited from submitting to the owner, for approval prior to manufacture, designs other than those prescribed in the specific section
27、 for a product. If such approval is obtained, then the product shall meet all the tests and performance requirements specified by the owner in accordance with the appropriate sections on manufacture and physical requirements. 5.2.2. If permitted by the owner, the manufacturer is not prohibited from
28、requesting approval of designs of special sections, such as reducers, tees, and bases. 6. REINFORCEMENT 6.1. This section presents requirements for reinforcement cover, continuity, laps, welds, and splices. Other reinforcement requirements are presented in Section 4, and any additional requirements
29、are given in the Part II section for a specific product. 6.2. CoverThe exposure of the ends of reinforcement, stirrups, or spacers used to position the reinforcement during placement of the concrete shall not be cause for rejection. 6.3. ContinuityThe continuity of the circumferential reinforcement
30、shall not be destroyed during the manufacture of the product, except when lift holes or pipe openings are provided in the product. 6.4. Welded Steel Cage Laps, Welds, and Splices: 6.4.1. If splices are not welded, the reinforcement shall be lapped not less than 20 diameters for deformed bars, and 40
31、 diameters for plain bars and cold-drawn wire. In addition, where lapped cages of welded wire fabric are used without welding, the lap shall contain a longitudinal wire. 6.4.2. When splices are welded and are not lapped to the minimum requirements in Section 6.4.1, pull tests of representative speci
32、mens shall develop at least 50 percent of the minimum specified ultimate tensile strength of the steel, and there shall be a minimum lap of 50 mm 2 in. For butt welded splices in bars or wire, permitted only with helically wound cages, pull tests of representative specimens shall develop at least 75
33、 percent of the minimum specified ultimate tensile strength of the steel. 6.5. Steel Hoop Splices A representative sample steel hoop with welded splices shall develop at least 50 percent of the minimum specified ultimate tensile strength of the steel, and there shall be a minimum lap of 50 mm 2 in.
34、For butt welded splices, the representative steel hoop sample shall develop at least 75 percent of the minimum specified ultimate tensile strength of the steel. 2017 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicabl
35、e law.TS-4a M 199M/M 199-5 AASHTO 7. PRECAST CONCRETE MANUFACTURE 7.1. MixtureThe aggregates shall be sized, graded, proportioned, and mixed with such proportions of cementitious materials and water as will produce a homogeneous concrete mixture of such quality that the products will conform to the
36、test and design requirements of this specification. All concrete shall have a water-cementitious ratio not exceeding 0.53 by weight. Cementitious materials shall be as specified in Section 4.1.2 and shall be added to the mix in a proportion not less than 280 kg/m3470 lb/yd3, unless mix designs with
37、a lower cementitious materials content demonstrate that the quality and performance of the product meet the requirements of this specification. 7.2. CuringConcrete products shall be subjected to any one of the methods of curing prescribed in Sections 7.2.1 through 7.2.4 or to any other method or com
38、bination of methods approved by the owner that will give satisfactory results. 7.2.1. Steam CuringConcrete products are placed in a curing chamber, free of outside drafts, and cured in a moist atmosphere maintained by the injection of steam for such time and such temperatures as needed to enable the
39、 products to meet the strength requirements. The curing chamber shall be so constructed as to allow full circulation of the steam around the entire product. 7.2.2. Water CuringConcrete products are water cured by covering with water-saturated material, or by a system of perforated pipes, mechanical
40、sprinklers, porous hose, or by any other approved method that will keep the products moist during the curing period. 7.2.3. Sealing MembraneA sealing membrane conforming to the requirements of ASTM C309-03 is applied and shall be left intact until the required concrete strength requirements are met.
41、 The concrete at the time of application of the membrane shall be within 6C 10F of the atmospheric temperature. All concrete surfaces shall be kept moist prior to the application of the membrane and shall be damp when the membrane is applied. 7.2.4. The manufacturer is not prohibited from combining
42、the methods prescribed in Sections 7.2.1 through 7.2.3 provided the required concrete compressive strength is attained. 8. ACCEPTANCE 8.1. Acceptance Procedures: 8.1.1. Unless otherwise designated by the owner at the time of, or before, placing an order, acceptance procedures for precast reinforced
43、concrete manhole products shall be as specified in the Part II section for a particular product, and shall not be prohibited from consisting of one or more of the following: 8.1.1.1. Acceptance of a product on the basis of tests of materials, including concrete compressive strength and absorption; 8
44、.1.1.2. Acceptance of a product on the basis of inspection of the finished product, including amount and placement of reinforcement to determine conformance with the design prescribed under this specification, and freedom from defects. 8.2. Test Methods: 8.2.1. Concrete Compressive Strength Test: 20
45、17 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-4a M 199M/M 199-6 AASHTO 8.2.1.1. Type of SpecimenCompression tests for satisfying the minimum specified concrete strength requirement shall be made on ei
46、ther concrete cylinders or, at the option of the manufacturer, on cores cut from the concrete manhole product. 8.2.1.2. Compression Testing of CylindersCylinders shall be made in accordance with T 280, and shall be tested in accordance with T 22. For manhole products, an owner shall not be prohibite
47、d from requiring concrete compressive tests on cylinder specimens numbering in the amount of 5 percent of the total order of a manhole product, but not to exceed two cylinders for each days production. The average compressive strength of all cylinders tested shall be equal to or greater than the spe
48、cified strength of the concrete. Not more than 10 percent of the cylinders tested shall fall below the specified strength of the concrete. In no case shall any cylinder tested fall below 80 percent of the specified strength of the concrete. 8.2.1.3. Compression Testing of CoresCores shall be cut fro
49、m the concrete manhole product and tested in accordance with T 280 except that the requirements for moisture conditioning shall not apply. One core shall be taken from a manhole product selected at random from each days production run of a single concrete strength. When the concrete compressive strength of the core is equal to or greater than 80 percent of the specified strength of the concrete, the concrete strength of the production run is acceptable. If the core does not meet the preceding concre
