1、Standard Specification for Corrugated Aluminum Alloy Structural Plate for Field-Bolted Pipe, Pipe-Arches, and Arches AASHTO Designation: M 219-92 (2012) ASTM Designation: B746/B746M-92 American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials 444 North Capitol Street N.W., Suite 249 Washing
2、ton, D.C. 20001 TS-4b M 219-1 AASHTO Standard Specification for Corrugated Aluminum Alloy Structural Plate for Field-Bolted Pipe, Pipe-Arches, and Arches AASHTO Designation: M 219-92 (2012) ASTM Designation: B746/B746M-92 1. SCOPE 1.1. This specification covers corrugated aluminum alloy structural p
3、late used in the construction of pipe, pipe-arches, arches, underpasses, and special shapes for field assembly. Appropriate fasteners are also described. The pipe, arches, and other shapes are generally used for drainage purposes, pedestrian and vehicular underpasses, and utility tunnels. 1.2. This
4、specification does not include requirements for bedding, backfill, or the relationship between earth cover load and plate thickness of the pipe. Experience has shown that the successful performance of this product depends upon the proper selection of plate thickness, type of bedding and backfill, co
5、ntrolled manufacture in the plant, and care in the installation. The purchaser must correlate the above factors and also the corrosion and abrasion requirements of the field installation with the plate thickness. The structural design of corrugated aluminum structural plate pipe and the proper insta
6、llation procedures are given in AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications and the AASHTO LRFD Bridge Construction Specifications. The installation is according to AASHTO LRFD Bridge Construction Specifications. 2. REFERENCED DOCUMENTS 2.1. AASHTO Standards: M 232M/M 232, Zinc Coating (Hot-Dip) on Iro
7、n and Steel Hardware AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications AASHTO LRFD Bridge Construction Specifications 2.2. ASTM Standards: A563M, Standard Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Nuts (Metric) B209M, Standard Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Sheet and Plate (Metric) B221M, Stand
8、ard Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Extruded Bars, Rods, Wire, Profiles, and Tubes (Metric) B666/B666M, Standard Practice for Identification Marking of Aluminum and Magnesium Products B695, Standard Specification for Coatings of Zinc Mechanically Deposited on Iron and Steel E29, Standa
9、rd Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications F467M, Standard Specification for Nonferrous Nuts for General Use (Metric) F468M, Standard Specification for Nonferrous Bolts, Hex Cap Screws, and Studs for General Use (Metric) 2015 by the American As
10、sociation of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-4b M 219-2 AASHTO F568M, Standard Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Externally Threaded Metric Fasteners (withdrawn 2012) F593, Standard Specification for Stainless Ste
11、el Bolts, Hex Cap Screws, and Studs F594, Standard Specification for Stainless Steel Nuts F738M, Standard Specification for Stainless Steel Metric Bolts, Screws, and Studs (withdrawn 2015) F836M, Standard Specification for Style 1 Stainless Steel Metric Nuts 2.3. ANSI Standards: B18.2.3.6M, Bolts, M
12、etric Heavy Hex B18.2.4.6M, Hex Nuts, Heavy, Metric 3. TERMINOLOGY 3.1. Description of Terms Specific to This Standard: 3.1.1. archa partial circle shape spanning an open invert between the footings on which it rests. 3.1.2. box culverta rectangular box with short radius in upper corners and a long-
13、radius crown. It can be with full invert or with footings pads. 3.1.3. fabricatorthe producer of the components for the finished product. 3.1.4. flat platesheet or plate used to fabricate structural plate. 3.1.5. manufacturerthe producer of the flat plate and accessories. 3.1.6. pipea conduit having
14、 full circular shape; also, in a general context, all structure shapes covered by this specification. 3.1.7. pipe-archan arch shape with an approximate semicircular crown, small-radius corners, and large-radius invert. 3.1.8. pipe, horizontal ellipsean elliptically shaped pipe with the horizontal di
15、ameter approximately 20 percent greater than the nominal diameter. 3.1.9. pipe, vertically elongatedan elliptically shaped pipe with the vertical diameter up to 10 percent greater than the nominal diameter. 3.1.10. purchaserthe purchaser of the finished product. 3.1.11. special shapea shape, other t
16、han described elsewhere in this section, suitable for fabrication with structural plate. 3.1.12. structural platea corrugated and curved plate, which is field assembled with other structural plates to form the required structure. 2015 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation O
17、fficials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-4b M 219-3 AASHTO 3.1.13. vehicular underpassa high arch shape with an approximate semicircular crown, large-radius sides, small-radius corners between sides and invert, and large-radius invert. 4. ORDERING INFORMATION 4.1
18、. Orders for material under this specification shall include the following information as necessary to adequately describe the desired product: 4.1.1. Name of material (aluminum alloy structural plate and accessories); 4.1.2. Description of structure (see Section 3); 4.1.3. Number of structures; 4.1
19、.4. AASHTO designation and year of issue; 4.1.5. Dimensions of structure (diameter or span and rise, and length, etc.) (Section 7.2); 4.1.6. Thickness of plate (Section 7.1); 4.1.7. Type of bolts; whether aluminum, stainless steel, or steel bolts are required or permitted; if not specified, steel bo
20、lts and nuts shall be furnished (Section 5.3 and Note 2); 4.1.8. End treatment (bevel, skew, grade, or slope corrections, or other special provision if required by the project plans or specifications); 4.1.9. Special requirements (including extrusion reinforcement locations and shapes), if required;
21、 and 4.1.10. Certification, if required. Note 1Typical ordering descriptions are as follows: Structural plates and fasteners for one aluminum alloy structural plate pipe-arch, conforming to M 219-_, 3860-mm span by 2460-mm rise, 3.81-mm plate thickness, 27.0-m nominal centerline length with square e
22、nds. 5. MATERIALS 5.1. Flat PlateInsofar as applicable, flat plate shall conform to the requirements of ASTM B209M. The plates shall be fabricated from alloy 5052-H141. The mechanical properties for alloy 5052-H141 shall conform to the requirements of Table 1. Table 1Mechanical Properties of Aluminu
23、m Structural Plate, Alloy 5052-H141a Specified Thickness, mm Tensile Strength, Min, MPa Yield Strength (0.2 Percent Offset), Min, MPa Elongation %, Min in 50 mm 2.543.81 245 165 6 4.446.35 235 165 8 aTo determine conformance with this specification, each value for tensile strength and for yield stre
24、ngth shall be rounded to the nearest 1 MPa and each value for elongation to the nearest 0.5 percent, both in accordance with the rounding method of ASTM E29. 2015 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable l
25、aw.TS-4b M 219-4 AASHTO 5.2. ExtrusionsThe extrusions for circumferential or longitudinal stiffeners, or secondary structural components, shall be fabricated from aluminum alloys 6061-T6 or 6063-T6 conforming to ASTM B221M. 5.3. Assembly FastenersExcept as provided elsewhere in this section, bolts a
26、nd nuts shall conform to the requirements specified in Table 2. The bearing surface of both bolts and nuts shall be shaped to a 25-mm radius spherical surface, or to a uniform taper of approximately 22 degrees to form a conical surface. In lieu of bolts and nuts with the special bearing surface, sta
27、ndard type bolts and nuts with special washers may be used. The number of nuts and bolts of each size and length furnished shall be 2 percent in excess of the theoretical number required to field erect the structure or structures. Bolt lengths shall be such as to result in at least “full nut” engage
28、ment when tightened in place. Table 2(M 219) Bolt and Nut Requirements Bolts Nuts General dimensions ANSI B18.2.3.6M Heavy Hex ANSI B18.2.4.6M Heavy Hex Steel bolts and nuts F568M Class 4.6aA563M Class 5 Zinc coating M 232M/M 232 or B695 Class 50 M 232M/M 232 or B695 Class 50 Stainless steel bolts a
29、nd nuts F738M Alloy Group A1, A2, or A4 F836M Alloy Group A1, A2, or A4 Aluminum bolts and nuts F468M Alloy 6061-T6 F467M Alloy 6061-T6 Nominal diameter, metric size M 20 M 20 aBolts through Class 8.8 with suitable nuts may be substituted. Note 2Aluminum bolts and nuts, due to lower strength propert
30、ies than steel bolts, have lower allowable design seam strengths in pipe with all plate thicknesses, but especially so for plate thicknesses greater than 4.5 mm. The purchaser should indicate which bolts and nuts are acceptable or required based on his design calculations. Corrosion should be consid
31、ered in selecting bolt types for use in corrosive environments. 6. FABRICATION 6.1. Structural plates shall be fabricated from flat sheets or plates, corrugated in accordance with Section 6.2, punched for bolted lap seams in accordance with Section 6.3, and curved to the required radius. 6.2. Corrug
32、ationsCorrugations shall form smooth continuous curves and tangents. Corrugations shall form annular rings (complete or partial) about the axis of the structure. The dimensions of the corrugations shall be in accordance with Table 3. Table 3Corrugation Requirements Nominal Size, mm Max Pitch,amm Min
33、 Depth,bmm Inside Radius Nominal, mm Min, mm 230 by 64 238 60 57 51 aPitch is measured from crest to crest of corrugations, at 90 degrees to the direction of the corrugations. bDepth is measured as the vertical distance from a straightedge resting on corrugation crests parallel to the axis of the pi
34、pe, to the bottom of the intervening valley. 6.3. Bolt HolesThe bolt holes shall be punched so that all plates having like dimensions, curvature, and same number of bolts per foot of seam shall be interchangeable. Longitudinal seams shall have holes for four bolts per corrugation, with two holes in
35、each valley and two holes in each crest, with the holes placed 45 mm apart. Circumferential seams in the finished product shall provide for a bolt spacing of not more than 250 mm. The diameter of the bolt holes in the 2015 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All
36、 rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-4b M 219-5 AASHTO longitudinal seams shall not exceed the bolt diameter by more than 3 mm except those in the plate corners. Bolt holes in circumferential seams, including plate corners, may be slotted with a width equal to the bolt d
37、iameter plus 10 mm. The minimum distance from the center of a hole to the edge of a plate shall be 13/4times the diameter of the bolt. Holes shall be provided as required for connecting headwall anchors, bearings, and miscellaneous attachments. 6.4. Special PlatesPlates for forming skewed ends, beve
38、led ends, or curved alignment shall be accurately cut to fit the order plans. Cut edges of plates shall be free of notches, gouges, or burrs and shall present a workmanlike finish. Legible identification shall be placed on each special plate to designate its proper position in the finished structure
39、 and referenced to the approved erection drawings. 6.5. ExtrusionsExtrusions for longitudinal or circumferential structural reinforcing, if required, shall be as sized and located on the order plans, and fabricated from aluminum alloy 6061-T6. Extrusions for receiving angle on arches or other less c
40、ritical structural members, if required, shall be as sized and located on the order plans, and shall be fabricated from aluminum alloy 6061-T6 or 6063-T6. 7. DIMENSIONS AND TOLERANCES 7.1. Plate ThicknessPlate thickness shall be as specified by the purchaser from the specified plate thickness listed
41、 in Table 4 (Note 3). For corrugated plate, the thickness shall be measured on the tangents of the corrugations. Table 4Plate Thicknessa Specified Thickness, mm Min Thickness, mm 2.54 2.36 3.18 3.00 3.81 3.51 4.44 4.09 5.08 4.72 5.72 5.31 6.35 5.89 aThickness is measured at any point on the plate no
42、t less than 10 mm from an edge and, if corrugated, on the tangents of corrugations. Note 3The purchaser should determine the required thickness according to the design criteria in AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications or other appropriate guidelines. 7.2. Cross-Section DimensionsCross-section dim
43、ensions, such as diameter, span, and rise, and radius of curvature, shall be measured to the inside crest of corrugations. The average diameter of circular pipe, based on two measurements at 90 degrees to each other, shall not vary more than 2 percent from the calculated inside diameter shown in Tab
44、le 5. The span and rise of pipe-arch, arch, underpass, and other noncircular structures shall be as specified within 2 percent. Note 4The purchaser should consult the fabricator to determine the standard dimensions for the various types of structures other than circular structures. 2015 by the Ameri
45、can Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-4b M 219-6 AASHTO Table 5Diameter of Circular Pipe, 230-by-65-mm Corrugation Nominal Diameter Specified, mm Calculated Inside Diameter, mm 1525 1490 1675 1645 1830 1805
46、1980 1955 2135 2115 2285 2265 2440 2425 2590 2580 2745 2735 2895 2890 3050 3050 3200 3200 3355 3360 3505 3515 3660 3670 3810 3825 3960 3980 4115 4135 4265 4290 4420 4445 4570 4600 4725 4750 4875 4910 5030 5070 5180 5225 5335 5380 5485 5535 5640 5695 5790 5845 5945 6005 6095 6160 6250 6315 6400 6470
47、6555 6630 6705 6780 6860 6940 7010 7090 7165 7250 7315 7405 7470 7560 7620 7715 7770 7870 7925 8025 2015 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-4b M 219-7 AASHTO 8. WORKMANSHIP 8.1. Plates, fasten
48、ers, and accessories shall be of uniform quality consistent with good manufacturing and inspection practices. 9. SAMPLING AND TESTING 9.1. Sampling and testing of plate shall be according to ASTM B209M. Sampling and testing of other materials shall be according to the specification referenced. The m
49、anufacturer shall make adequate tests and measurements to ensure that the material produced complies with this specification. 9.1.1. Test results including chemical composition and mechanical properties shall be maintained by the manufacturer for 7 years and shall be made available to the fabricator and purchaser upon request, for examination at the manufacturers facility unless otherwise agreed upon. 9.2. The fabricator or the purchaser may make such tests as necessary to determine the acceptability of the m
