1、Standard Specification for Blended Hydraulic Cement AASHTO Designation: M 240M/M 240-161Release: Group 1 (April 2016) ASTM Designation: C595/C595M-16 American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials 444 North Capitol Street N.W., Suite 249 Washington, D.C. 20001 TS-3a M 240M/M 240-
2、1 AASHTO Standard Specification for Blended Hydraulic Cement AASHTO Designation: M 240M/M 240-161Release: Group 1 (April 2016) ASTM Designation: C595/C595M-16 1. SCOPE 1.1. This specification pertains to blended hydraulic cements for both general and special applications using slag, pozzolan, limest
3、one, or some combination thereof, with portland cement or portland cement clinker, or slag with lime (see Note 1). Note 1This specification prescribes ingredients and proportions with some performance requirements, whereas ASTM C1157/C1157M is a hydraulic cement specification in which performance cr
4、iteria alone govern the products and their acceptance. 1.2. The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining va
5、lues from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard. Values in SI units or inch-pound units shall be obtained by measurement in SI units or inch-pound units or by appropriate conversion, using the Rules for Conversion and Rounding given in IEEE/ASTM SI 10, of measurements made i
6、n other units or SI units. Values are stated in only SI units when inch-pound units are not used in practice. 1.3. The text of this standard refers to notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) are not requirements of the
7、standard. 2. REFERENCED DOCUMENTS 2.1. AASHTO Standards: M 85, Portland Cement M 92, Wire-Cloth Sieves for Testing Purposes M 201, Mixing Rooms, Moist Cabinets, Moist Rooms, and Water Storage Tanks Used in the Testing of Hydraulic Cements and Concretes M 327, Processing Additions for Use in the Manu
8、facture of Hydraulic Cements R 71, Sampling and Amount of Testing of Hydraulic Cement T 105, Chemical Analysis of Hydraulic Cement T 106M/T 106, Compressive Strength of Hydraulic Cement Mortar (Using 50-mm or 2-in. Cube Specimens) T 107M/T 107, Autoclave Expansion of Hydraulic Cement T 129, Amount o
9、f Water Required for Normal Consistency of Hydraulic Cement Paste T 131, Time of Setting of Hydraulic Cement by Vicat Needle T 133, Density of Hydraulic Cement T 137, Air Content of Hydraulic Cement Mortar T 153, Fineness of Hydraulic Cement by Air Permeability Apparatus 2016 by the American Associa
10、tion of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-3a M 240M/M 240-2 AASHTO T 160, Length Change of Hardened Hydraulic Cement Mortar and Concrete T 192, Fineness of Hydraulic Cement by the 45-m (No. 325) Sieve 2.2. ASTM Standards:
11、C51, Standard Terminology Relating to Lime and Limestone (as used by the Industry) C186, Standard Test Method for Heat of Hydration of Hydraulic Cement C219, Standard Terminology Relating to Hydraulic Cement C226, Standard Specification for Air-Entraining Additions for Use in the Manufacture of Air-
12、Entraining Hydraulic Cement C227, Standard Test Method for Potential Alkali Reactivity of Cement-Aggregate Combinations (Mortar-Bar Method) C311/C311M, Standard Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Fly Ash or Natural Pozzolans for Use in Portland-Cement Concrete C563, Standard Test Method for Appro
13、ximation of Optimum SO3in Hydraulic Cement Using Compressive Strength C688, Standard Specification for Functional Additions for Use in Hydraulic Cements C821, Standard Specification for Lime for Use with Pozzolans C1012/C1012M, Standard Test Method for Length Change of Hydraulic-Cement Mortars Expos
14、ed to a Sulfate Solution C1038/C1038M, Standard Test Method for Expansion of Hydraulic Cement Mortar Bars Stored in Water C1157/C1157M, Standard Performance Specification for Hydraulic Cement E350, Standard Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Carbon Steel, Low-Alloy Steel, Silicon Electrical Steel
15、, Ingot Iron, and Wrought Iron E1019, Standard Test Methods for Determination of Carbon, Sulfur, Nitrogen, and Oxygen in Steel, Iron, Nickel, and Cobalt Alloys by Various Combustion and Fusion Techniques Manual of Cement Testing, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Volume 04.01 2.3. IEEE/ASTM Standard: S
16、I10, American National Standard for Metric Practice 3. TERMINOLOGY 3.1. DefinitionsThe terms used in this specification are defined in ASTM C219 (see Note 2), except for the following terms: 3.1.1. binary blended cementa blended hydraulic cement consisting of portland cement with either a slag, a po
17、zzolan, or a limestone. 3.1.2. slag, nthe term “slag” is used within this standard to denote either slag cement or granulated blast-furnace slag. 3.1.3. ternary blended cementa blended hydraulic cement consisting of portland cement with either a combination of two different pozzolans, slag and a poz
18、zolan, a pozzolan and a limestone, or a slag and a limestone. Note 2Relevant terms in ASTM C219 applicable to this standard include portland cement, portland cement clinker, hydraulic cement, slag cement, granulated blast-furnace slag, pozzolan, and calcium sulfate. Limestone is defined in ASTM C51.
19、 2016 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-3a M 240M/M 240-3 AASHTO 4. CLASSIFICATION 4.1. This specification applies to the following types of blended cement that generally are intended for use
20、 as directed. 4.1.1. Blended hydraulic cements for general concrete construction. 4.1.1.1. Type ISPortland blast-furnace slag cement. 4.1.1.2. Type IPPortland-pozzolan cement. 4.1.1.3. Type ILPortland-limestone cement. 4.1.1.4. Type ITTernary blended cement. 4.2. Reporting: 4.2.1. The naming practic
21、e for blended cements shall be made by adding the suffix (X) to the type designation under Section 4.1.1, where (X) equals the targeted percentage of slag, pozzolan, or limestone in the product expressed as a whole number by mass of the final blended product, within the allowable variation as stated
22、 in Section 15.3. 4.2.2. The naming practice for ternary blended cements shall be made by adding the suffixes (AX) and (BY) to the Type IT designation under Section 4.1.1, where: 4.2.2.1. A is “S” for slag, “P” for pozzolan, or “L” for limestone, whichever is present in a larger amount by mass; 4.2.
23、2.2. X is the targeted percentage by mass of constituent A; 4.2.2.3. B is “S” for slag, “P” for pozzolan, or “L” for limestone; and 4.2.2.4. Y is the targeted percentage by mass of constituent B. 4.2.2.5. Both X and Y values are expressed as a whole number by mass of the final blended product, withi
24、n the allowable variation as stated in Section 15.3. If X and Y are the same, list the two constituents in alphabetical order by constituent type (limestone, pozzolan, or slag). Note 3Examples of the naming practice per Sections 4.2.1 and 4.3 are shown below (all percentages by mass): Binary blended
25、 cement with 80 percent portland cement and 20 percent slag = Type IS(20); Binary blended cement with 85 percent portland cement and 15 percent pozzolan = Type IP(15); Binary blended cement with 90 percent portland cement and 10 percent limestone = Type IL(10). Ternary blended cement with 70 percent
26、 portland cement, 20 percent slag, and 10 percent pozzolan = Type IT(S20)(P10); Ternary blended cement with 65 percent portland cement, 25 percent of one pozzolan, and 10 percent of another pozzolan = Type IT(P25)(P10); Ternary blended cement with 60 percent portland cement, 20 percent slag, and 20
27、percent pozzolan = Type IT(P20)(S20); Ternary blended cement with 80 percent portland cement, 10 percent limestone, and 10 percent pozzolan = Type IT(L10)(P10); and 2016 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of appli
28、cable law.TS-3a M 240M/M 240-4 AASHTO Ternary blended cement with 75 percent portland cement, 15 percent slag, and 10 percent limestone = Type IT(S15)(L10). 4.2.3. A simplified naming practice is used in this standard for practicality and clarity when referring to specific requirements for binary an
29、d ternary blended cements that are applicable to a range of products or in ternary blended cements when requirements are applicable to only one constituent within a specific range (percent). (See Note 4.) Note 4Examples of the simplified naming practices per Section 4.2.3 are shown below: 1. An exam
30、ple when requirements are applicable to a range of products can be found in Table 1, where the maximum SO3content of 3 percent applies to binary blended cements with slag contents 70) IP, IT(P S), IT(P L) IL, IT(L S), IT(L P) Magnesium oxide (MgO), max, % T 105 6.0 Sulfur reported as sulfate (SO3),
31、max, %bT 105 3.0 4.0 4.0 3.0 Sulfide sulfur (S), max, % T 105 2.0 2.0 Insoluble residue, max, %cT 105 1.0 1.0 Loss on ignition, max, % T 105 3.0d4.0d5.0d10.0 aThe chemical requirements in this table are applicable to all air-entrained cement equivalents. bIt is permissible to exceed the values in th
32、e table for SO3content, provided it has been demonstrated by ASTM C1038/C1038M that the cement with the increased SO3will not develop expansion exceeding 0.020 percent at 14 days. When the manufacturer supplies cement under this provision, supporting data shall be supplied to the purchaser. See Note
33、 10. cInsoluble residue maximum limit does not apply to ternary blended cements. dFor ternary blended cements with limestone, loss on ignition is a maximum of 10.0 percent by mass. Note 10There are cases where performance of a cement is improved with SO3in excess of the Table 1 limits in this specif
34、ication. ASTM C563 is one of several methods a manufacturer can use to evaluate the effect of sulfate content on cement characteristics. Whenever SO3content of a cement exceeds Table 1 limits, ASTM C1038/C1038M results provide evidence that excessive expansion does not occur at this higher sulfate c
35、ontent. 8.1.1. If the purchaser has requested the manufacturer to state in writing the composition of the blended cement purchased, the composition of the cement furnished shall conform to that shown in the statement within the following tolerances (see Note 11): Tolerance, % Silicon dioxide (SiO2)
36、3 Aluminum oxide (Al2O3) 2 Calcium oxide (CaO) 3 Note 11This means that if the manufacturers statement of the composition says “SiO2: 32 percent,” the cement, when analyzed, shall be found to contain between 29 and 35 percent SiO2. 2016 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation
37、 Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-3a M 240M/M 240-8 AASHTO 8.2. LimestoneLimestone for use in the manufacture of portland-limestone cement, or a ternary blended cement in which limestone is an ingredient, shall have a calcium carbonate content of at leas
38、t 70 percent by mass. The calcium carbonate content of limestone shall be determined by multiplying the CaO content of the limestone determined by test methods in T 105 by a factor of 1.785. 8.3. PozzolanPozzolan for use in the manufacture of portland-pozzolan cement, or a ternary blended cement in
39、which pozzolan is an ingredient, shall meet the loss-on-ignition requirement of Table 4. 9. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 9.1. Blended CementBlended cement of the type specified shall conform to the applicable physical requirements prescribed in Table 2. When specified, blended cement with special properties
40、shall conform to applicable physical requirements in Table 3, and requirements for compressive strength and air content in Table 3 supersede those in Table 2. Table 2Physical Requirements for Blended Cements Cement Type Applicable Test Method IL, IP, IS(70), IT(S 70) IS(70), IT(S 70) Fineness T 153,
41、 T 192 a a Autoclave expansion, max, %bT 107M/T 107 0.80 0.80 Autoclave contraction, max, %bT 107M/T 107 0.20 0.20 Time of initial setting, Vicat testc:Set, minutes, not less than Set, hours, not more than T 131 45 7 45 7 Air content of mortar, volume %, max T 137 12 12 Compressive strength, minimum
42、, MPa psi:3 days 7 days 28 days T 106M/T 106 13.0 1890 20.0 2900 25.0 3620 5.0 720 11.0 1600 aBoth amount retained when wet-sieved on 45-m (No. 325) sieve and specific surface by air permeability apparatus, m2/kg, shall be reported on all mill test reports requested under Section 15.4. bThe specimen
43、s shall remain firm and hard and show no signs of distortion, cracking, checking, pitting, or disintegration when subjected to the autoclave expansion test. c The time of setting of cements containing a user-requested accelerating or retarding functional addition need not meet the limits of this tab
44、le, but shall be stated by the manufacturer. 2016 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-3a M 240M/M 240-9 AASHTO Table 3Physical Requirements for Blended Cements with Special Properties Special P
45、roperty DesignationaApplicable Test Method A MSbHSbMH LH RcAir content of mortar: min, volume % max, volume % T 137 16d22d 12 12 12 12 12 Compressive strength,emin, MPa psi: 3 days 7 days 28 days T 106M/ T 106 10.4 1510 16.0 2320 20.0 2900 11.0 1600 18.0 2610 25.0 3620 11.0 1600 18.0 2610 25.0 3620
46、10.4 1510 16.0 2320 20.0 2900 11.0 1600 21.0 3050 13.0 1890 20.0 2900 25.0 3620 Heat of hydration, max, kJ/kg cal/g: 7 days 28 days ASTM C186 290 70 330 80 250 60 290 70 Water requirement, max weight % of cement T 106M/ T 106 64 Drying shrinkage, max, % T 160 0.15 Sulfate resistance, max, %: Expansi
47、on at 180 days Expansion at 1 year ASTM C1012 0.10 0.05f 0.10f Mortar expansion, max, %: 14 days 8 weeks ASTM C227 0.020 0.060 a These requirements apply only if specified and are designated by suffixes A, MS, HS, MH, LH, or R as appropriate to type designations IL, IP, IS(70), or IT(S70). See Secti
48、on 4.3. Requirements for fineness, autoclave expansion, autoclave contraction, and time of setting shall conform to Table 2. b Type IT cements with greater than 5 percent limestone and Type IL cements are not permitted as moderate (MS) or high (HS) sulfate resistance cements. c Compliance with this
49、requirement shall not be required unless the cement will be used with alkali-silica reactive aggregate. d These air content requirements apply to cements with multiple special property designations when one of those designations is (A). e When multiple special property designations are applied, the set of streng
