1、Standard Specification for Blended Hydraulic Cement AASHTO Designation: M 240M/M 240-181Technical Section: 3a, Hydraulic Cement and Lime Release: Group 1 (April) ASTM Designation: C595/C595M-18 American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials 444 North Capitol Street N.W., Suite 24
2、9 Washington, D.C. 20001 TS-3a M 240M/M 240-1 AASHTO Standard Specification for Blended Hydraulic Cement AASHTO Designation: M 240M/M 240-181Technical Section: 3a, Hydraulic Cement and Lime Release: Group 1 (April) ASTM Designation: C595/C595M-18 1. SCOPE 1.1. This specification pertains to blended
3、hydraulic cements for both general and special applications using slag, pozzolan, limestone, or some combination thereof, with portland cement or portland cement clinker, or slag with lime (see Note 1). Note 1This specification prescribes ingredients and proportions with some performance requirement
4、s, whereas ASTM C1157/C1157M is a hydraulic cement specification in which performance criteria alone govern the products and their acceptance. 1.2. The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact eq
5、uivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard. Values in SI units or inch-pound units shall be obtained by measurement in SI units or inch-pound units or by appropriate conversion, usin
6、g the Rules for Conversion and Rounding given in IEEE/ASTM SI 10, of measurements made in other units or SI units. Values are stated in only SI units when inch-pound units are not used in practice. 1.3. The text of this standard refers to notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These
7、notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) are not requirements of the standard. 2. REFERENCED DOCUMENTS 2.1. AASHTO Standards: M 85, Portland Cement M 201, Mixing Rooms, Moist Cabinets, Moist Rooms, and Water Storage Tanks Used in the Testing of Hydraulic Cements and Concretes M 32
8、7, Processing Additions for Use in the Manufacture of Hydraulic Cements R 71, Sampling and Amount of Testing of Hydraulic Cement R 80, Determining the Reactivity of Concrete Aggregates and Selecting Appropriate Measures for Preventing Deleterious Expansion in New Concrete Construction T 105, Chemica
9、l Analysis of Hydraulic Cement T 106M/T 106, Compressive Strength of Hydraulic Cement Mortar (Using 50-mm or 2-in. Cube Specimens) T 107M/T 107, Autoclave Expansion of Hydraulic Cement T 129, Amount of Water Required for Normal Consistency of Hydraulic Cement Paste T 131, Time of Setting of Hydrauli
10、c Cement by Vicat Needle 2018 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-3a M 240M/M 240-2 AASHTO T 133, Density of Hydraulic Cement T 137, Air Content of Hydraulic Cement Mortar T 153, Fineness of H
11、ydraulic Cement by Air Permeability Apparatus T 192, Fineness of Hydraulic Cement by the 45-m (No. 325) Sieve 2.2. ASTM Standards: C51, Standard Terminology Relating to Lime and Limestone (as used by the Industry) C186, Standard Test Method for Heat of Hydration of Hydraulic Cement C219, Standard Te
12、rminology Relating to Hydraulic Cement C226, Standard Specification for Air-Entraining Additions for Use in the Manufacture of Air-Entraining Hydraulic Cement C227, Standard Test Method for Potential Alkali Reactivity of Cement-Aggregate Combinations (Mortar-Bar Method) C311/C311M, Standard Test Met
13、hods for Sampling and Testing Fly Ash or Natural Pozzolans for Use in Portland-Cement Concrete C563, Standard Test Method for Approximation of Optimum SO3in Hydraulic Cement C688, Standard Specification for Functional Additions for Use in Hydraulic Cements C821, Standard Specification for Lime for U
14、se with Pozzolans C1012/C1012M, Standard Test Method for Length Change of Hydraulic-Cement Mortars Exposed to a Sulfate Solution C1038/C1038M, Standard Test Method for Expansion of Hydraulic Cement Mortar Bars Stored in Water C1157/C1157M, Standard Performance Specification for Hydraulic Cement Manu
15、al of Cement Testing, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Volume 04.01 2.3. IEEE/ASTM Standard: SI10, American National Standard for Metric Practice 3. TERMINOLOGY 3.1. DefinitionsThe terms used in this specification are defined in ASTM C219 (see Note 2), except for the following terms: 3.1.1. binary ble
16、nded cementa blended hydraulic cement cons isting of portland cement with either a slag, a pozzolan, or a limestone. 3.1.2. slag, nthe term “slag” is used within this standard to denote either slag cement or granulated blast-furnace slag. 3.1.3. ternary blended cementa blended hydraulic cement cons
17、isting of portland cement with either a combination of two different pozzolans, slag and a pozzolan, a pozzolan and a limestone, or a slag and a limestone. Note 2Relevant terms in ASTM C219 applicable to this standard include portland cement, portland cement clinker, hydraulic cement, slag cement, g
18、ranulated blast-furnace slag, pozzolan, and calcium sulfate. Limestone is defined in ASTM C51. 2018 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-3a M 240M/M 240-3 AASHTO 4. CLASSIFICATION 4.1. This spe
19、cification applies to the following types of blended cement that generally are intended for use as directed. 4.1.1. Blended hydraulic cements for general concrete construction. 4.1.1.1. Type ISPortland blast-furnace slag cement. 4.1.1.2. Type IPPortland-pozzolan cement. 4.1.1.3. Type ILPortland-lime
20、stone cement. 4.1.1.4. Type ITTernary blended cement. 4.2. Reporting: 4.2.1. The naming practice for blended cements shall be made by adding the suffix (X) to the type designation under Section 4.1.1, where (X) equals the targeted percentage of slag, pozzolan, or limestone in the product expressed a
21、s a whole number by mass of the final blended product, within the allowable variation as stated in Section 15.3. 4.2.2. The naming practice for ternary blended cements shall be made by adding the suffixes (AX) and (BY) to the Type IT designation under Section 4.1.1, where: 4.2.2.1. A is “S” for slag
22、, “P” for pozzolan, or “L” for limestone, whichever is present in a larger amount by mass; 4.2.2.2. X is the targeted percentage by mass of constituent A; 4.2.2.3. B is “S” for slag, “P” for pozzolan, or “L” for limestone; and 4.2.2.4. Y is the targeted percentage by mass of constituent B. 4.2.2.5.
23、Both X and Y values are expressed as a whole number by mass of the final blended product, within the allowable variation as stated in Section 15.3. If X and Y are the same, list the two constituents in alphabetical order by constituent type (limestone, pozzolan, or slag). Note 3Examples of the namin
24、g practice per Sections 4.2.1 and 4.3 are shown below (all percentages by mass): Binary blended cement with 80 percent portland cement and 20 percent slag = Type IS(20); Binary blended cement with 85 percent portland cement and 15 percent pozzolan = Type IP(15); Binary blended cement with 90 percent
25、 portland cement and 10 percent limestone = Type IL(10). Ternary blended cement with 70 percent portland cement, 20 percent slag, and 10 percent pozzolan = Type IT(S20)(P10); Ternary blended cement with 65 percent portland cement, 25 percent of one pozzolan, and 10 percent of another pozzolan = Type
26、 IT(P25)(P10); Ternary blended cement with 60 percent portland cement, 20 percent slag, and 20 percent pozzolan = Type IT(P20)(S20); Ternary blended cement with 80 percent portland cement, 10 percent limestone, and 10 percent pozzolan = Type IT(L10)(P10); and 2018 by the American Association of Stat
27、e Highway and Transportation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-3a M 240M/M 240-4 AASHTO Ternary blended cement with 75 percent portland cement, 15 percent slag, and 10 percent limestone = Type IT(S15)(L10). 4.2.3. A simplified naming practice is used in
28、this standard for practicality and clarity when referring to specific requirements for binary and ternary blended cements that are applicable to a range of products or in ternary blended cements when requirements are applicable to only one constituent within a specific range (percent). (See Note 4.)
29、 Note 4Examples of the simplified naming practices per Section 4.2.3 are shown below: An example when requirements are applicable to a range of products can be found in Table 1, where the maximum SO3content of 3 percent applies to binary blended cements with slag contents 70) IP, IT(P S), IT(P L) IL
30、, IT(L S), IT(L P) Magnesium oxide (MgO), max, % T 105 6.0 Sulfur reported as sulfate (SO3), max, %bT 105 3.0 4.0 4.0 3.0 Sulfide sulfur (S), max, % T 105 2.0 2.0 Insoluble residue, max, %cT 105 1.0 1.0 Loss on ignition, max, % T 105 3.0d4.0d5.0d10.0 abcdThe chemical requirements in this table are a
31、pplicable to all air-entrained cement equivalents. It is permissible to exceed the values in the table for SO3 content, provided it has been demonstrated by ASTM C1038/C1038M that the cement with the increased SO3 will not develop expansion exceeding 0.020 percent at 14 days. When the manufacturer s
32、upplies cement under this provision, supporting data shall be supplied to the purchaser. See Note 11. Insoluble residue maximum limit does not apply to ternary blended cements. For ternary blended cements with limestone, loss on ignition is a maximum of 10.0 percent by mass. Note 11There are cases w
33、here performan ce of a cement is improved with SO3in excess of the Table 1 limits in this specification. ASTM C563 is one of several methods a manufacturer can use to evaluate the effect of sulfate content on cement characteristics. Whenever SO3content of a cement exceeds Table 1 limits, ASTM C1038/
34、C1038M results provide evidence that excessive expansion does not occur at this higher sulfate content. 8.1.1. If the purchaser has requested the manufacturer to state in writing the composition of the blended cement purchased, the composition of the cement furnished shall conform to that shown in t
35、he statement within the following tolerances (see Note 12): Tolerance, %Silicon dioxide (SiO2) 3 Aluminum oxide (Al2O3) 2 Calcium oxide (CaO) 3 Note 12 This means that if the manufacturers statement of the composition says “SiO2: 32 percent,” the cement, when analyzed, shall be found to contain betw
36、een 29 and 35 percent SiO2. 2018 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-3a M 240M/M 240-8 AASHTO 8.2. LimestoneLimestone for use in the manufacture of portland-limestone cem ent, or a ternary ble
37、nded cement in which limestone is an ingredient, shall have a calcium carbonate content of at least 70 percent by mass. The calcium carbonate content of limestone shall be determined by multiplying the CaO content of the limestone determined by test methods in T 105 by a factor of 1.785. 8.3. Pozzol
38、anPozzolan for use in the manuf acture of portland-pozzolan cement, or a ternary blended cement in which pozzolan is an ingredient, shall meet the loss-on-ignition requirement of Table 4. 9. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 9.1. Blended CementBlended cement of the type speci fied shall conform to the applicable
39、physical requirements prescribed in Table 2. When specified, blended cement with special properties shall conform to applicable physical requirements in Table 3, and requirements for compressive strength and air content in Table 3 supersede those in Table 2. Table 2Physical Requirements for Blended
40、Cements Cement Type Applicable Test Method IL, IP, IS(70), IT(S 70) IS(70), IT(S 70) Fineness T 153, T 192 a a Density T 133 Autoclave expansion, max, %bT 107M/T 107 0.80 0.80 Autoclave contraction, max, %bT 107M/T 107 0.20 0.20 Time of initial setting, Vicat testc:Set, minutes, not less than Set, h
41、ours, not more than T 131 45 7 45 7 Air content of mortar, volume %, max T 137 12 12 Compressive strength, minimum, MPa psi:3 days 7 days 28 days T 106M/T 106 13.0 1890 20.0 2900 25.0 3620 5.0 720 11.0 1600 aThe amount retained when wet-sieved on 45-m (No. 325) sieve, specific surface by air permeab
42、ility apparatus, m2/kg, and density, g/cm3, shall be reported on all mill test reports requested under Section 15.4. bThe specimens shall remain firm and hard and show no signs of distortion, cracking, checking, pitting, or disintegration when subjected to the autoclave expansion test. c The time of
43、 setting of cements containing a user-requested accelerating or retarding functional addition need not meet the limits of this table, but shall be stated by the manufacturer. 2018 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication is a violati
44、on of applicable law.TS-3a M 240M/M 240-9 AASHTO Table 3Physical Requirements for Blended Cements with Special Propert ies Special Property DesignationaApplicable Test Method A MS HS MH LH Air content of mortar: min, volume % max, volume % T 137 16b22b 12 12 12 12 Compressive strength,cmin, MPa psi:
45、 3 days 7 days 28 days T 106M/ T 106 10.0 1450 16.0 2320 22.0 3190 13.0 1890 20.0 2900 25.0 3620 13.0 1890 20.0 2900 25.0 3620 10.0 1450 17.0 2470 22.0 3190 11.0 1600 21.0 3050 Heat of hydration, max, kJ/kg cal/g: 7 days 28 days ASTM C186 290 70 330 80 250 60 290 70 Water requirement, max weight % o
46、f cement T 106M/ T 106 64 Sulfate resistance, max, %: Expansion at 180 days Expansion at 1 year ASTM C1012 0.10 0.05d0.10d a These requirements apply only if specified and are designated by suffixes A, MS, HS, MH, or LH as appropriate to type designations IL, IP, IS(70), or IT(S70). See Section 4.3.
47、 Requirements for fineness, autoclave expansion, autoclave contraction, and time of setting shall conform to Table 2. b These air content requirements apply to cements with multiple special property designations when one of those designations is (A). c When multiple special property designations are
48、 applied, the set of strength requirements for the special property designation with the lowest 7-day minimum strength requirement shall apply. d Testing at 1 year shall not be required when the cement meets the 180-day limit. A cement failing the 180-day limit shall not be rejected unless it also f
49、ails the 1-year limit. 9.2. Pozzolan or SlagPozzolan or slag that is to be blended with cement shall be tested in the same state of subdivision as that in which it is to be blended. Pozzolan shall conform to the fineness requirement and the activity index requirement of Table 4. Slag that is to be used for portland blast-furnace slag cements Type IS(25) or ternary
