1、Standard Specification for Precast Reinforced Concrete Box Sections for Culverts, Storm Drains, and Sewers with Less Than 0.6 m of Cover Subjected to Highway Loadings Metric AASHTO Designation: M 273M-171 Technical Section: 4a, Concrete Drainage Structures Release: Group 2 (June 2017) American Assoc
2、iation of State Highway and Transportation Officials 444 North Capitol Street N.W., Suite 249 Washington, D.C. 20001 TS-4a M 273M-1 AASHTO Standard Specification for Precast Reinforced Concrete Box Sections for Culverts, Storm Drains, and Sewers with Less Than 0.6 m of Cover Subjected to Highway Loa
3、dings Metric AASHTO Designation: M 273M-171Technical Section: 4a, Concrete Drainage Structures Release: Group 2 (June 2017) 1. SCOPE 1.1. This specification covers single-cell, precast reinforced concrete box sections with less than 0.6 m of cover subjected to highway loadings and intended to be use
4、d for the construction of culverts and for the conveyance of storm water, industrial wastes, and sewage. 1.2. This metric specification is equivalent to M 273 and is compatible in technical content. Note 1This specification is primarily a manufacturing and purchasing specification. However, standard
5、 designs are included and the criteria used to develop these designs are given in Appendix X1. The successful performance of this product depends on the proper selection of the box section, bedding, backfill, controlled manufacture in the plant, and care that the installation conforms to the constru
6、ction specifications. The owner of the precast reinforced concrete box sections specified herein is cautioned that the loading conditions and the field requirements must be correlated with the box sections specified and inspection must be provided at the construction site. Note 2AASHTO M 259M is to
7、be used for box sections subjected to highway loading with 0.6 m or more earth cover, or subjected to dead load only. Note 3If load-and-resistance factor design (LRFD) is required, then use ASTM C1577. 2. REFERENCED DOCUMENTS 2.1. AASHTO Standards: M 6, Fine Aggregate for Hydraulic Cement Concrete M
8、 31M/M 31, Deformed and Plain Carbon and Low-Alloy Steel Bars for Concrete Reinforcement M 32M/M 32, Steel Wire, Plain, for Concrete Reinforcement M 55M/M 55, Steel Welded Wire Reinforcement, Plain, for Concrete M 80, Coarse Aggregate for Hydraulic Cement Concrete M 85, Portland Cement M 157, Ready-
9、Mixed Concrete M 221M/M 221, Steel Welded Wire Reinforcement, Deformed, for Concrete 2017 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-4a M 273M-2 AASHTO M 225M/M 225, Steel Wire, Deformed, for Concrete
10、 Reinforcement M 240M/M 240, Blended Hydraulic Cement M 259M, Precast Reinforced Concrete Box Sections for Culverts, Storm Drains, and Sewers Metric M 262, Concrete Pipe and Related Products M 295, Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use in Concrete T 22, Compressive Strength of Cy
11、lindrical Concrete Specimens T 23, Making and Curing Concrete Test Specimens in the Field T 280, Concrete Pipe, Manhole Sections, or Tile Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges 2.2. ASTM Standards: C309-03, Standard Specification for Liquid Membrane-Forming Compounds for Curing Concrete C1116/C
12、1116M, Standard Specification for Fiber-Reinforced Concrete C1577, Standard Specification for Precast Reinforced Concrete Monolithic Box Sections for Culverts, Storm Drains, and Sewers Designed According to AASHTO LRFD 3. TERMINOLOGY 3.1. DefinitionsFor definitions of terms relating to concrete pipe
13、, see M 262. 4. TYPES 4.1. Precast reinforced concrete box sections manufactured in accordance with this specification shall be of the types identified in Tables 1 and 2, and shall be designated by type, span, and rise. 5. BASIS OF ACCEPTANCE 5.1. Acceptability of the box sections produced in accord
14、ance with Section 7 shall be determined by the results of the concrete compressive strength tests described in Section 10, by the material requirements described in Section 6, and by inspection of the finished box sections. 5.2. Box sections shall be considered ready for acceptance when they conform
15、 to the requirements of this specification. 6. MATERIALS 6.1. Reinforced ConcreteThe reinforced concrete shall consist of cementitious materials, mineral aggregates, and water in which steel has been embedded in such a manner that the steel and concrete act together. 6.2. Cementitious Materials: 6.2
16、.1. CementCement shall conform to the requirements for portland cement of M 85 or shall be portland blast-furnace slag cement or portland-pozzolan cement conforming to the requirements of M 240M/M 240, except that the pozzolan constituent in the Type IP portland-pozzolan cement shall be fly ash and
17、shall not exceed 25 percent by mass. 2017 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-4a M 273M-3 AASHTO 6.2.2. Fly AshFly ash shall conform to the requirements of M 295, Class F or Class C. 6.2.3. All
18、owable Combinations of Cementitious MaterialsThe combination of cementitious materials used in concrete shall be one of the following: 6.2.3.1. Portland cement only, 6.2.3.2. Portland blast-furnace slag cement only, 6.2.3.3. Portland-pozzolan cement only, or 6.2.3.4. A combination of portland cement
19、 and fly ash wherein the proportion of fly ash is between 5 and 25 percent by mass of total cementitious material (portland cement plus fly ash). 6.3. AggregatesAggregates shall conform to M 6 and M 80, except that the requirements for gradation shall not apply. 6.4. Admixtures and BlendsAdmixtures
20、and blends may be used with the approval of the owner. 6.5. Steel ReinforcementReinforcement shall consist of welded wire fabric conforming to M 55M/M 55 or M 221M/M 221. Longitudinal distribution reinforcement may consist of welded wire fabric or deformed billet-steel bars conforming to M 31M/M 31,
21、 Grade 400. 6.6. Synthetic FibersPolypropylene fibers may be used, at the owners option, in concrete box section as a nonstructural manufacturing material. Only Type III synthetic fibers designed and manufactured specifically for use in concrete and conforming to the requirements of ASTM C1116/C1116
22、M shall be accepted. 6.7. WaterMix water shall conform with M 157, Section 4.1.4, with a maximum limit of 0.15 percent chloride. 7. DESIGN 7.1. Design TablesThe box section dimensions, compressive strength of the concrete, and reinforcement details shall be as prescribed in Tables 1 or 2 and Figures
23、 1 and 2, subject to the provisions of Section 11. Table 1 sections are designed for a cover range from 0 to 0.6 m plus AASHTO HS20 live load conditions. Table 2 sections are designed for a cover range from 0 to 0.6 m plus Interstate live load conditions. Criteria used to develop Tables 1 and 2 are
24、given in Appendix X1. 7.2. Modified and Special DesignsThe manufacturer may request approval by the owner of modified designs that differ from the designs in Section 7.1, or for special designs for sizes and loads other than those shown in Tables 1 and 2. 2017 by the American Association of State Hi
25、ghway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-4a M 273M-4 AASHTO Table 1Design Requirements for Precast Reinforced Concrete Box Sections with Less Than 0.6 m of Cover Subjected to HS20 LoadingaBox Section S R, mmbThickness, mm Circumferential
26、 Reinforcement AreascDistribution Reinforcement AreasdTop Slab Bottom Slab Wall As1As2As3As4As7As8As5As6900 600 175 150 100 360 720 420 280e360e300e360e360e900 900 175 150 100 280e760 470 280e360e300e380e360e1200 600 190 150 125 440 780 420 280e380e300e380e380e1200 900 190 150 125 380 870 490e280e38
27、0e300e420e380e1200 1200 190 150 125 340 910 510 280e380e300e440e380e1500 900 200 175 150 470 870 470 300e400e360e400e400e1500 1200 200 175 150 400 930 510 300e400e360e440 400e1500 1500 200 175 150 340 970 550 300e400e360e470 400e1800 900 200 175 175 640 890 440 360e400e360e400e400e1800 1200 200 175
28、175 550 970 510 360e400e360e420 400e1800 1500 200 175 175 490 1020 550 360e400e360e440 400e1800 1800 200 175 175 420 1080 610 360e400e360e470 400e2100 1200 200 200 200 680 950 510 400e400e400e400e400e2100 1500 200 200 200 610 1020 570 400e420 400e400e400e2100 1800 200 200 200 570 1080 610 400e420 40
29、0e420 400e2100 2100 200 200 200 530 1120 680 400e490 400e440 400e2400 1200 200 200 200 780 1080 570 400e400e400e400e400e2400 1500 200 200 200 720 1120 640 400e400e400e440 400e2400 1800 200 200 200 680 1190 700 400e530 400e440 400e2400 2100 200 200 200 640 1230 740 400e570 470 470 400e2400 2400 200 2
30、00 200 590 1270 800 490 610 550 470 400e2700 1500 225 225 225 720 1060 610 470e470e470e470e470e2700 1800 225 225 225 680 1120 680 470e470e470e470e470e2700 2100 225 225 225 640 1160 740 470e530 470e470e470e2700 2400 225 225 225 590 1210 800 470e570 510 470e470e2700 2700 225 225 225 570 1230 870 530 6
31、40 590 470e470e3000 1500 250 250 250 720 1020 610 510e510e510e510e510e3000 1800 250 250 250 680 1060 680 510e510e510e510e510e3000 2100 250 250 250 660 1100 740 510e510e510e510e510e3000 2400 250 250 250 610 1140 800 510e550 510e510e510e3000 2700 250 250 250 570 1160 850 510e590 550 510e510e3000 3000
32、250 250 250 570 1210 910 570 680 660 510e510e3300 1200 275 275 275 800 930 550e550e550e550e550e550e3300 1800 275 275 275 700 1020 680 550e550e550e550e550e3300 2400 275 275 275 610 1080 800 550e550e550e550e550e3300 3000 275 275 275 590 1140 910 550e610 610 550e550e3300 3300 275 275 275 590 1190 970 6
33、40 720 720 550e550e3600 1200 300 300 300 850 890 610e610e610e610e610e610e3600 1800 300 300 300 740 970 680 610e610e610e610e610e3600 2400 300 300 300 660 1040 800 610e610e610e610e610e3600 3000 300 300 300 610e1120 910 610e610e610e610e610e3600 3600 300 300 300 610e1210 1060 700 760 780 610e610eaDesign
34、 requirements are based on maximum effects resulting from cover conditions ranging from 0 to 0.6 m and the material and soil properties and loading data shown in Appendix X1. For modified or special designs, see Section 7.2. bThe box section designation, for example, 900 by 600, indicates (interior
35、horizontal span, in millimeters) by (interior vertical rise, in millimeters). cDesign reinforcement areas in square millimeters per linear meter of box section length at those locations as shown in Figure 1. dDesign reinforcement areas in square millimeters per linear meter of box section width at t
36、hose locations as shown in Figure 1. eMinimum reinforcement area is specified. Notes: 1. Reinforcement areas are based on the mass of column of earth over the width of the box section plus live loads as defined in Appendix X1. 2. Concrete design strength, 35 MPa. 2017 by the American Association of
37、State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-4a M 273M-5 AASHTO Table 2Design Requirements for Precast Reinforced Concrete Box Sections with Less Than 0.6 m of Cover Subjected to Interstate LoadingaBox Section S R, mmbThickness, mm C
38、ircumferential Reinforcement AreascDistribution Reinforcement AreasdTop Slab Bottom Slab Wall As1As2As3As4As7As8As5As6900 600 175 150 100 360 720 420 280e360e300e360e360e900 900 175 150 100 280e760 470 280e360e300e380 360e1200 600 190 150 125 440 800 420 280e380e300e380e380e1200 900 190 150 125 400
39、870 490 280e380e300e420 380e1200 1200 190 150 125 380 910 530 280e380e300e440 380e1500 900 200 175 150 550 870 590 300e400e360e400e400e1500 1200 200 175 150 490 930 660 300e400e360e440 400e1500 1500 200 175 150 440 970 720 300e400e360e470 400e1800 900 200 175 175 700 890 590 360e400e360e400e400e1800
40、 1200 200 175 175 610 970 680 360e400e360e420 400e1800 1500 200 175 175 570 1020 720 360e400e360e440 400e1800 1800 200 175 175 530 1080 780 360e400e360e470 400e2100 1200 200 200 200 700 950 660 400e400e400e400e400e2100 1500 200 200 200 640 1020 720 400e420 400e400e400e2100 1800 200 200 200 590 1080
41、780 400e420 400e420 400e2100 2100 200 200 200 550 1120 830 400e490 400e440 400e2400 1200 200 200 200 910 1080 720 400e400e400e400e400e2400 1500 200 200 200 830 1120 800 400e400e400e440 400e2400 1800 200 200 200 760 1190 870 400e530 400e440 400e2400 2100 200 200 200 720 1230 950 400e570 470 470 400e2
42、400 2400 200 200 200 660 1270 1020 490 610 550 470 400e2700 1500 225 225 225 890 1060 780 470e470e470e470e470e2700 1800 225 225 225 830 1120 850 470e470e470e470e470e2700 2100 225 225 225 780 1160 930 470e530 470e470e470e2700 2400 225 225 225 720 1210 990 470e570 510 470e470e2700 2700 225 225 225 680
43、 1230 1060 530 640 590 470e470e3000 1500 250 250 250 930 1020 760 510e510e510e510e510e3000 1800 250 250 250 870 1060 850 510e510e510e510e510e3000 2100 250 250 250 830 1100 910 510e510e510e510e510e3000 2400 250 250 250 760 1140 970 510e550 510e510e510e3000 2700 250 250 250 720 1160 1060 510e590 550 5
44、10e510e3000 3000 250 250 250 700 1210 1120 570 680 660 510e510e3300 1200 275 275 275 1040 930 680 550e550e550e550e550e3300 1800 275 275 275 910 1020 850 550e550e550e550e550e3300 2400 275 275 275 800 1080 970 550e550e550e550e550e3300 3000 275 275 275 740 1140 1120 550e610 610 550e550e3300 3300 275 27
45、5 275 720 1210 1190 640e720e720e550e550e3600 1200 300 300 300 1060 890 680 610e610e610e610e610e3600 1800 300 300 300 930 970 830 610e610e610e610e610e3600 2400 300 300 300 850 1060 970 610e610e610e610e610e3600 3000 300 300 300 760 1190 1120 610e610e610e610e610e3600 3600 300 300 300 740 1290 1270 700
46、760 780 610e610eaDesign requirements are based on maximum effects resulting from cover conditions ranging from 0 to 0.6 m and the material and soil properties and loading data shown in Appendix X1. For modified or special designs, see Section 7.2. bThe box section designation, for example, 900 by 60
47、0, indicates (interior horizontal span, in millimeters) by (interior vertical rise, in millimeters). cDesign reinforcement areas in square millimeters per linear meter of box section length at those locations as shown in Figure 1. dDesign reinforcement areas in square millimeters per linear meter of
48、 box section width at those locations as shown in Figure 1. eMinimum reinforcement area is specified. Notes: 1. Reinforcement areas are based on the mass of column of earth over the width of the box section plus live loads as defined in Appendix X1. 2. Concrete design strength, 35 MPa. 2017 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-4a M 273M-6 AASHTO 7.3. Placement of ReinforcementThe cover of concrete over the circumferential reinforcement shall be 25 mm except in th
