1、Standard Specification for Smooth-Tread Standard Tire for Special-Purpose Pavement Frictional-Property Tests AASHTO Designation: M 286-96 (2013)1ASTM Designation: E 524-08 American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials 444 North Capitol Street NW, Suite 249 Washington, DC 20001TS
2、-5a M 286-1 AASHTO Standard Specification for Smooth-Tread Standard Tire for Special-Purpose Pavement Frictional-Property Tests AASHTO Designation: M 286-96 (2013)1ASTM Designation: E 524-08 1. SCOPE 1.1. This specification covers the general requirements for the smooth-tread standard tire for pavem
3、ent testing. The tire covered by this specification is intended for evaluation of tire-pavement friction. 1.2. The terminology in this specification is consistent with ASTM E 867. 1.3. The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. 1.4. This standard may involve hazardous material
4、s, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to us
5、e. 2. REFERENCED DOCUMENTS 2.1. AASHTO Standard: T 242, Frictional Properties of Paved Surfaces Using a Full-Scale Tire 2.2. ASTM Standards: D 297, Standard Test Methods for Rubber ProductsChemical Analysis D 412, Standard Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber and Thermoplastic ElastomersTension D 1765
6、, Standard Classification System for Carbon Blacks Used in Rubber Products D 2240, Standard Test Method for Rubber PropertyDurometer Hardness D 3182, Standard Practice for RubberMaterials, Equipment, and Procedures for Mixing Standard Compounds and Preparing Standard Vulcanized Sheets E 867, Standar
7、d Terminology Relating to Vehicle-Pavement Systems 2014 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-5a M 286-2 AASHTO 3. MATERIALS AND MANUFACTURE 3.1. The individual standard tires shall conform to th
8、e design standards of Section 6. Dimensions, masses, and permissible variations are given in Section 6 and in Figure 1. 3.2. Tread compounding, fabric processing, and all steps in tire manufacturing shall be certified to ensure that the specifications are met. 3.3. A small raised guideline shall be
9、molded on the tire shoulder area to provide a rapid visual check as to whether the maximum wear level for testing has been reached. Tires should be removed from service as recommended in Section 11.5. The marking on the tire should include the following information: G78-15, Special Purpose Pavement
10、Test TireNot for General Highway Use, Directional arrow on side of tire, ASTM E 524, (Manufacturers name or trademark), and Rim: 15 6JJ. Figure 1Tire Section Including Inflated Tire Dimensions 4. MATERIAL REQUIREMENTS 4.1. The compounding formulation for the tread portion of the tire is given in Tab
11、le 1. 2014 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-5a M 286-3 AASHTO Table 1Compounding of Tread RubberaMaterial Parts per Hundred of Rubber (PPHR) SBR 1712b89.38 BR-1208c 35.00 N339d75.00 High-aro
12、matic oil 22.12 Zinc oxide 3.00 Stearic acid 2.00 6PPDe2.00 Paraffin wax 2.00 Sulfur 1.80 TBBSf1.10 DPGg0.10 aASTM D 3182 bStyrene-butadiene rubber (23.5 percent styrene) 37.5 parts of high-aromatic oil cHigh cis-polybutadiene dN339 Carbon Black. See ASTM D 1765. eDimethyl butylphenyl phenylenediami
13、ne fButyl benzothiazole sulfenamide g Diphenyl guanidine 4.2. FabricThe fabric shall be polyester body or carcass plies and fiberglass belt plies. Note 1Certain proprietary products have been specified since exact duplication of properties of the finished tire may not be achieved with other similar
14、products. This inclusion does not in any way comprise a recommendation for these proprietary products or against similar products of other manufacturers; nor does it imply any superiority over any such similar products. 5. PHYSICAL REQUIREMENTS 5.1. The physical and mechanical test requirements are
15、given in Table 2. Table 2Physical Requirements of Tread Compound Tensile sheet cure at 150C (302F), min 30 300% modulus, MPa (psi) (ASTM D 412) 6.9 1.4 (1000 200) Tire tread durometer (ASTM D 2240) 58 2 Specific gravity (ASTM D 297) 1.13 0.02 Tensile strength, min, MPa (psi) (ASTM D 412) 13.8 (2000)
16、 Elongation, min, % (ASTM D 412) 500 6. DIMENSIONS, MASSES, AND PERMISSIBLE VARIATIONS 6.1. GeneralDetails of dimensions are shown in Figure 1. Where tolerances are not specified, tire dimensions are subject to manufacturers normal tolerances. 6.1.1. Design and ConstructionThe tire shall be a size G
17、78-15 tubeless type, belted bias construction (two-body plies plus two-belt plies). The tread width shall be 149 mm (5.85 in.) and the cross-sectional tread radius shall be 394 51 mm (15.50 2.0 in.). The tread shall have a thickness of 9.8 mm (0.385 in.) and an undertread thickness of 2.5 mm (0.10 i
18、n.). The tire shall have a recommended cross-section width of 212 mm (8.35 in.) and a recommended section height of 2014 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-5a M 286-4 AASHTO 161 mm (6.34 in.)
19、when mounted on a Tire and Rim Association 15-by-6-in. (381-by-152-mm) JJ rim. The cured crown angles shall be 33 2 degrees for the body plies and 27 2 degrees for the belt plies. 6.1.2. Wear IndicatorsA visual wear guideline shall be located on the shoulder of the tire 5.6 mm (0.22 in.) from the tr
20、ead surface as shown in Figure 1. 7. WORKMANSHIP 7.1. Tires shall be free of defects in workmanship and materials. 8. TEST METHODS 8.1. Tensile Sheet CuresASTM D 3182. 8.2. Modulus (300 percent)ASTM D 412. 8.3. Tensile Sheet DurometerASTM D 2240, using a Type A Shore durometer. 8.4. Specific Gravity
21、ASTM D 297. 8.5. Tensile StrengthASTM D 412. 8.6. ElongationASTM D 412. 8.7. Tire-Tread DurometerASTM D 2240 in addition to the following procedures. 8.7.1. Use a Type A durometer 12.7-mm (0.5-in.) diameter presser foot. (Shore Code XAHAF is recommended.) 8.7.2. The durometer shall be calibrated at
22、a reading of 60 hardness. 8.7.3. Condition the tire and durometer to equilibrium at 23 2C (73.4 3.6F) before determining tread hardness. 8.7.4. The tire tread hardness is to be determined by averaging at least one set of six readings. A set should consist of readings taken at equally spaced interval
23、s across the tread. It is recommended that additional sets of readings be taken around the tread circumference. 8.7.5. Apply presser foot to the tire tread as rapidly as possible without shock, keeping the foot parallel to the tread surface. Apply just sufficient pressure to obtain firm contact betw
24、een the presser foot and the tire tread surface. Read the durometer scale within 1 s after the presser foot is in contact with the tire tread, but after initial maximum transient, which may occur immediately after contact is made. 9. CERTIFICATION 9.1. Tires are to be inflated and measured prior to
25、shipment. Upon request, the manufacturer shall furnish the purchaser certification that the test tire meets this specification. 9.2. All tires under certification shall be subject to the manufacturers normal variation. 2014 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.Al
26、l rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-5a M 286-5 AASHTO 10. PRESERVATION 10.1. Tires shall be kept dry under ordinary atmospheric conditions in subdued light, 21 14C (70 25F). Tires should not be stored near electric motors, welders, or other ozone-generating equipment.
27、11. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR TIRE USE AND OPERATIONAL REQUIREMENTS 11.1. The tire is intended for pavement friction testing only and is not designed for general highway service. Commercial tires should be used for necessary transporting of test equipment. 11.2. A new tire break-in of 320 km (200 mi) mini
28、mum should be made on tires by the purchaser before using the tire for testing. 11.3. The tire shall be operated with not less than 165 kPa (24 psi) inflation. 11.4. The recommended static test load on the tire shall be 4825 N (1085 lbf), with loading to a maximum of 6150 N (1380 lbf) permissible, a
29、t 165 kPa (24 psi) inflation. 11.5. Tire should be mounted so that it is rotated in the direction of the arrow on the side of the tire. 11.6. When irregular wear or damage results from tests or when the tire is worn to the wear line, the use of the tire as a standard test tire shall be discontinued.
30、 11.7. CautionMeasured friction force or friction number may be influenced by tire tread hardness. The magnitude of this dependence is a function of the water depth, pavement characteristics, test speed, and tire-aging effects. 12. KEYWORDS 12.1. Friction; friction force; friction number; pavement; tire-pavement. 1Except for terminology, figures, and the use of SI units, this specification agrees with ASTM E 524-08. 2014 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.
