1、Standard Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Nuts for Bolts for High-Pressure or High-Temperature Service, or Both AASHTO Designation: M 292M/M 292-15 ASTM Designation: A194/A194M-12a American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials 444 North Capitol Street N.W., Suite 249 Was
2、hington, D.C. 20001 TS-4f M 292M/M 292-1 AASHTO Standard Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Nuts for Bolts for High-Pressure or High- Temperature Service, or Both AASHTO Designation: M 292M/M 292-15 ASTM Designation: A194/A194M-12a 1. SCOPE 1.1. This specification covers a variety of carbon, a
3、lloy, and martensitic stainless steel nuts in the size range M6 through M100 1/4through 4 in. nominal. It also covers austenitic stainless steel nuts in the size range M6 1/4in. nominal and above. These nuts are intended for high-pressure or high-temperature service, or both. Grade substitutions wit
4、hout the purchasers permission are not allowed. 1.2. Bars from which the nuts are made shall be hot wrought. The material may be further processed by centerless grinding or by cold drawing. Austenitic stainless steel may be solution annealed or annealed and strain hardened. When annealed and strain-
5、hardened austenitic stainless steel is ordered in accordance with Supplementary Requirement S1, the purchaser should take special care to ensure that Section 8.2.2, Supplementary Requirement S1, and Appendix X1 are thoroughly understood. 1.3. Supplementary requirements (Sections S1 through S8) of an
6、 optional nature are provided. These shall apply only when specified in the inquiry, contract, and order. 1.4. This specification is applicable to orders in either SI units (as M 292M) or inch-pound units (as M 292). SI units and inch-pound units are not necessarily equivalent. Inch-pound units are
7、shown in brackets in the text. Material shall be furnished to SI units when the order specifies the applicable “M” designation. 2. REFERENCED DOCUMENTS 2.1. AASHTO Standards: M 232M/M 232, Zinc Coating (Hot-Dip) on Iron and Steel Hardware T 244, Mechanical Testing of Steel Products 2.2. ASTM Standar
8、ds: A276/A276M, Standard Specification for Stainless Steel Bars and Shapes A320/A320M, Standard Specification for Alloy-Steel and Stainless Steel Bolting for Low-Temperature Service A370, Standard Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products A962/A962M, Standard Specificatio
9、n for Common Requirements for Bolting Intended for Use at Any Temperature from Cryogenic to the Creep Range B633, Standard Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Zinc on Iron and Steel 2015 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplica
10、tion is a violation of applicable law.TS-4f M 292M/M 292-2 AASHTO B695, Standard Specification for Coatings of Zinc Mechanically Deposited on Iron and Steel B696, Standard Specification for Coatings of Cadmium Mechanically Deposited B766, Standard Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Cadmi
11、um E112, Standard Test Methods for Determining Average Grain Size E566, Standard Practice for Electromagnetic (Eddy Current) Sorting of Ferrous Metals F1940, Standard Test Method for Process Control Verification to Prevent Hydrogen Embrittlement in Plated or Coated Fasteners F1941, Standard Specific
12、ation for Electrodeposited Coatings on Threaded Fasteners (Unified Inch Screw Threads (UN/UNR) F2329, Standard Specification for Zinc Coating, Hot-Dip, Requirements for Application to Carbon and Alloy Steel Bolts, Screws, Washers, Nuts, and Special Threaded Fasteners 2.3. ASME/ANSI Standards:1 B1.1,
13、 Unified Screw Threads B1.2, Gages and Gaging for Unified Inch Screw Threads B1.13M, Metric Screw Threads B18.2.2, Square and Hex Nuts B18.2.4.6M, Metric Heavy Hex Nuts 3. TERMINOLOGY 3.1. Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard: 3.1.1. austenitic gradesall grades with a prefix of “8” or “9.”
14、 3.1.2. ferritic gradesGrades 1, 2, 2H, 2HM, 3, 4, 6, 6F, 7, 7M, and 16. 3.1.3. Lot: 3.1.3.1. Unless otherwise specified (Section 3.1.3.2), a lot is the quantity of nuts of a single nominal size and grade produced by the same manufacturing process. 3.1.3.2. When Supplementary Requirement S5 is invok
15、ed on the purchase order, the following definitions of a lot shall apply: for Grade 8 nutsthe quantity of all the nuts of a single nominal diameter and grade made from the same heat of steel and made by the same manufacturing process. for all other grade nuts (Sections 8.2 and 8.1.2.1)all the nuts o
16、f a single nominal diameter and grade made from the same heat number and heat treated in the same batch, if batch-type heat-treating equipment is used, or heat treated in the same continuous run of not more than 8 h under the same conditions if continuous-type heat-treating equipment is used. 3.1.4.
17、 Type: 3.1.4.1. for Grade 8 nutsvariations within the grade designated by a letter and differentiated by chemistry and by manufacturing process. 3.1.4.2. for Grade 6 nutsvariations within the grade designated by the letter F and differentiated by chemical additions made for machinability. 3.1.5. ser
18、iesthe dimensional relationship and geometry of the nuts as described in ANSI B18.2.2 or B18.2.4.6M. 2015 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-4f M 292M/M 292-3 AASHTO 4. ORDERING INFORMATION 4.
19、1. The inquiry and order for material under this specification shall include the following as required to describe the material adequately: 4.1.1. Specification designation, year date, grade, issue date, and revision letter; 4.1.2. Quantity, number of pieces; 4.1.3. Dimensions (Section 9); 4.1.4. Op
20、tions in accordance with Sections 8.2.2.1, 9.1, 9.2, 10.3, and 12; and 4.1.5. Supplementary Requirements, if any. 4.2. CoatingsCoatings are prohibited unless specified by the purchaser (see Supplementary Requirements S7 and S8). When coated nuts are ordered, the purchaser should take special care to
21、 ensure that Appendix X2 is thoroughly understood. 4.3. See Supplementary Requirement S3 for nuts to be used in low-temperature applications (Specification ASTM A320/A320M). 4.4. See Supplementary Requirement S9 for proof-load testing of nuts manufactured to dimensions and configurations other than
22、those covered in Table 3 or Table 4. 5. COMMON REQUIREMENTS 5.1. Material and fasteners supplied to this specification shall conform to the requirements of ASTM A962/A962M. These requirements include test methods, finish, thread dimensions, marking, certification, optional supplementary requirements
23、, and others. Failure to comply with the requirements of specification ASTM A962/A962M constitutes nonconformance with this specification. In case of conflicts between the requirements of this specification and specification ASTM A962/A962M, this specification shall prevail. 6. MANUFACTURE (PROCESS)
24、 6.1. Stainless steels for all types of Grade 6 and Grade 8 nuts shall be made by one of the following processes: 6.1.1. Electric furnace (with separate degassing and refining optional), 6.1.2. Vacuum induction furnace, or 6.1.3. Either of the above followed by electroslag remelting or consumable-ar
25、c remelting. 6.2. The steel producer shall exercise adequate control to eliminate excessive inhomogeneity, nonmetallics, pipe, porosity, and other defects. 6.3. Grades 1 and 2 nuts shall be hot or cold forged or shall be machined from hot-forged, hot-rolled, or cold-drawn bars. 6.3.1. All Grade 1 an
26、d 2 nuts shall be stress-relief annealed at a temperature of at least 538C 1000F after forming or machining from bar with the following exceptions: 2015 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-4f M
27、 292M/M 292-4 AASHTO 6.3.1.1. Nuts made by hot forging. 6.3.1.2. Nuts machined from hot-forged or hot-rolled bar. 6.3.1.3. Nuts machined from hot-forged/hot-rolled and cold-finished (max 10 percent reduction in area) bar. 6.3.1.4. Nuts machined from cold-drawn and annealed (min 538C 1000F) bar. 6.3.
28、2. Grades 1 and 2 nuts made by hot forging or by machining from hot-forged or hot-rolled bars need not be given any stress-relief annealing treatment. 6.4. Grades 2H, 2HM, 3, 4, 6, 6F, 7, 7M, and 16 nuts shall be hot or cold forged or shall be machined from hot-forged, hot-rolled, or cold-drawn bars
29、 and shall be heat treated to meet the required mechanical properties. These grades shall be uniformly reheated to the proper austenitizing temperature (a group thus reheated being known as a quenching charge) and quenched under substantially uniform conditions for each quenching charge and tempered
30、 as shown below. Grades 2H, 2HM, 3, 4, 7, and 7M shall be liquid quenched. Grades 6 and 6F shall be quenched in liquid or inert gas. Grade 16 shall be heated to a temperature range from 925 to 955C 1700 to 1750F and oil quenched. Grade and Type Minimum Tempering Temperature, C F 2H 455 850 2HM 620 1
31、150 3 565 1050 4 595 1100 6 and 6F 595 1100 7 595 1100 7M 620 1150 16 650 1200 6.4.1. Grades 6 and 6F nuts shall be tempered for a minimum of 1 h within the temperature range. 6.5. Grades 8, 8C, 8CLN, 8M, 8T, 8F, 8P, 8N, 8MN, 8R, 8S, 8LN, 8MLN, 8MLCuN, and 9C nuts shall be hot or cold forged or shal
32、l be machined from hot-forged, hot-rolled, or cold-drawn bars. 6.6. Grades 8A, 8CA, 8CLNA, 8MA, 8TA, 8FA, 8PA, 8NA, 8MNA, 8RA, 8SA, 8LNA, 8MLNA, 8MLCuNA, and 9CA nuts shall be hot or cold forged or shall be machined from hot-forged, hot-rolled, or cold-drawn bars and the nuts shall subsequently be c
33、arbide-solution treated by heating them for a sufficient time at a temperature to dissolve chromium carbides followed by cooling at a rate sufficient to prevent reprecipitation of the carbides. 2015 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplic
34、ation is a violation of applicable law.Table 1Chemical Requirementsa,b,c Grade Symbol Material UNS Number Carbon, % Manganese, % Phospho- rus, % Sulfur,d% Silicon, % Chromium, % Nickel, % Molybde- num, % Titanium, % Columbium and Tan- talum, % Selenium, % Other Elements, % 1 Carbon 0.15 min 1.00 max
35、 0.040 max 0.050 max 0.40 max 2,2 HM, and 2H Carbon 0.040 min 1.00 max 0.040 max 0.050 max 0.040 max 4 Carbon molybdenum 0.400.50 0.700.90 0.035 max 0.040 max 0.150.35 0.200.30 3 AISI 501 0.10 min 1.00 max 0.040 max 0.030 max 1.00 max 4.006.00 0.400.65 6 AISI 410 S41000 0.15 max 1.00 max 0.040 max 0
36、.030 max 1.00 max 11.5013.50 6F AISI 416 with sulfur S41600 0.15 max 1.25 max 0.060 max 0.15 min 1.00 max 12.0014.00 6F AISI 416 with selenium S41623 0.15 max 1.25 max 0.060 max 0.060 max 1.00 max 12.0014.00 0.15 min 7, 7M AISI 4140/ 4142/4145/ 4140H 4142H 4145H 0.370.49 0.651.10 0.035 max 0.04 max
37、0.150.35 0.751.20 0.150.25 8, 8A AISI 304 S30400 0.08 max 2.00 max 0.045 max 0.030 max 1.00 max 18.0020.00 8.0011.0 8C, 8CA AISI 347 S34700 0.08 max 2.00 max 0.045 max 0.030 max 1.00 max 17.0019.00 9.0012.0 10carbon content, min 8CLN, 8CLNA AISI 347 LN S34751 0.0050.020 2.00 max 0.045 max 0.030 max
38、1.00 max 17.0019.00 9.0013.0 0.200.50, 15 carbon content, min 0.060.10 8M, 8MA AISI 316 S31600 0.08 max 2.00 max 0.045 max 0.030 max 1.00 max 16.0018.00 10.0014.00 2.003.00 8T, 8TA AISI 321 S32100 0.08 max 2.00 max 0.045 max 0.030 max 1.00 max 17.0019.00 9.0012.00 5(C+N), min 0.70 max. Nitrogen, 0.1
39、0 8F, 8FA AISI 303 with sulfur S30300 0.15 max 2.00 max 0.20 max 0.15 min 1.00 max 17.0019.00 8.0010.00 8F, 8FA AISI 303 with selenium S30323 0.15 max 2.00 max 0.20 max 0.06 max 1.00 max 17.0019.00 8.0010.00 0.15 min 8P, 8PA AISI 305 with restricted carbon S30500 0.08 max 2.00 max 0.045 max 0.030 ma
40、x 1.00 max 17.0019.00 11.0013.00 8N, 8NA AISI 304N S30451 0.08 max 2.00 max 0.045 max 0.030 max 1.00 max 18.0020.00 8.0011.0 Nitrogen, 0.100.16 Continued on next page. TS-4fM 292M/M 292-5AASHTO 2015 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplic
41、ation is a violation of applicable law.Table 1Chemical Requirementsa,b,c(continued) Grade Symbol Material UNS Number Carbon, % Manganese, % Phospho- rus, % Sulfur,d% Silicon, % Chromium, % Nickel, % Molybde- num, % Titanium, % Columbium and Tan- talum, % Selenium, % Other Elements, % 8LN, 8LNA AISI
42、304LN with re stricted carbon S30453 0.030 max 2.00 max 0.045 max 0.030 max 1.00 max 18.0020.00 8.0011.0 Nitrogen, 0.100.16 8MN, 8MNA AISI 316N S31651 0.08 max 2.00 max 0.045 max 0.030 max 1.00 max 16.0018.00 10.0013.00 2.003.00 Nitrogen, 0.100.16 8MLN, 8MLNA AISI 316LN with re stricted carbon S3165
43、3 0.030 max 2.00 max 0.045 max 0.030 max 1.00 max 16.0018.00 10.0013.00 2.003.00 Nitrogen, 0.100.16 8R, 8RAeXM19 S20910 0.06 max 4.006.00 0.045 max 0.030 max 1.00 max 20.523.5 11.513.5 1.53.0 0.100.30 Nitrogen, 0.200.40 Vanadium, 0.100.30 8S, 8SA S21800 0.10 max 7.09.0 0.060 max 0.030 max 3.54.5 16.
44、018.0 8.09.0 Nitrogen, 0.08 0.18 8MLCuN, 8MLCuNA S 31254 S31254 0.020 max 1.00 max 0.030 max 0.010 max 0.80 max 19.520.5 17.518.5 6.06.5 Nitrogen, 0.180.22 Copper, 0.501.00 9C, 9CA N08367 N08367 0.030 max 2.00 max 0.040 max 0.030 max 1.0 20.022.0 23.525.5 6.07.0 Nitrogen, 0.180.25 Copper, 0.75 16 Ch
45、romium Molybdenum Vanadium 0.360.47 0.450.70 0.035 max 0.040 max 0.150.35 0.801.15 0.500.65 Vanadium, 0.250.35 Aluminum 0.015 max aThe intentional addition of Bi, Se, Te, and Pb is not permitted except for Grades 6F, 8F, and 8FA, in which Se is specified and required. bTotal aluminum, soluble and in
46、soluble. cMaximum, unless minimum or range is indicated. dBecause of the degree to which sulfur segregates, product analysis for sulfur over 0.060 percent max is not technologically appropriate. eAs described in ASTM A276. TS-4fM 292M/M 292-6AASHTO 2015 by the American Association of State Highway a
47、nd Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-4f M 292M/M 292-7 AASHTO 7. CHEMICAL COMPOSITION 7.1. Each alloy shall conform to the chemical composition requirements prescribed in Table 1. 8. MECHANICAL REQUIREMENTS 8.1. Hardness Test: 8.1.1. Requir
48、ements: 8.1.1.1. All nuts shall be capable of meeting the hardness requirements specified in Table 2. 8.1.1.2. Sample nuts of Grades 1, 2, 2H, 2HM, 3, 4, 7, 7M, and 16 that have been given the treatment described in Section 8.1.5 shall meet the minimum hardness specified in Table 2. Table 2Hardness Requirements Grade and Type Brinell Hardness Completed Nuts Sample Nut After Treatment as in Section 8.1.5 Rockwell Hardness Brinell Hardness, Min Rockwell Hardness B Scale, Min C Scale B Scale 1
