1、Standard Specification for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Profile Wall Drain Pipe and Fittings Based on Controlled Inside Diameter AASHTO Designation: M 304-11 (2015) American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials 444 North Capitol Street N.W., Suite 249 Washington, D.C. 20001 TS-4b
2、M 304-1 AASHTO Standard Specification for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Profile Wall Drain Pipe and Fittings Based on Controlled Inside Diameter AASHTO Designation: M 304-11 (2015) 1. SCOPE 1.1. This specification covers poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) profile wall perforated and nonperforated pipe and fitt
3、ings, 100 to 1200 mm (4 to 48 in.) nominal inside diameter, for use in nonpressure storm drains, culverts, underdrains, and other subsurface drainage systems providing either soiltight or watertight joints. 1.2. Industrial waste disposal lines should be installed only with the specific approval of t
4、he governing code authority since chemicals not commonly found in drains and temperatures in excess of 60C (140F) may be encountered. 1.3. Pipe and fittings produced to this specification should be installed in accordance with ASTM D2321 and the manufacturers recommendation. 1.4. UnitsThe values sta
5、ted in SI units are to be regarded as standard. Within the text, the U.S. Customary units are shown in parentheses for informational purposes, and may not be exact equivalents. 1.5. The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 8, of this specification. This st
6、andard does not purport to address the safety concerns associated with its use. It is the responsibility of whoever uses this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 2. REFERENCED DOCUMENTS 2.1. AASHTO Stan
7、dards: R 16, Regulatory Information for Chemicals Used in AASHTO Tests T 341, Determination of Compression Capacity for Profile Wall Plastic Pipe by Stub Compression Loading AASHTO LRFD Bridge Construction Specifications 2.2. ASTM Standards: D618, Standard Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Test
8、ing D883, Standard Terminology Relating to Plastics D1600, Standard Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating to Plastics D1784, Standard Specification for Rigid Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Compounds and Chlorinated Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (CPVC) Compounds 2015 by the American Association of State High
9、way and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-4b M 304-2 AASHTO D2122, Standard Test Method for Determining Dimensions of Thermoplastic Pipe and Fittings D2152, Standard Test Method for Adequacy of Fusion of Extruded Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC)
10、Pipe and Molded Fittings by Acetone Immersion D2321, Standard Practice for Underground Installation of Thermoplastic Pipe for Sewers and Other Gravity-Flow Applications D2412, Standard Test Method for Determination of External Loading Characteristics of Plastic Pipe by Parallel-Plate Loading D2444,
11、Standard Test Method for Determination of the Impact Resistance of Thermoplastic Pipe and Fittings by Means of a Tup (Falling Weight) D3212, Standard Specification for Joints for Drain and Sewer Plastic Pipes Using Flexible Elastomeric Seals F412, Standard Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Syst
12、ems F477, Standard Specification for Elastomeric Seals (Gaskets) for Joining Plastic Pipe F1057, Standard Practice for Estimating the Quality of Extruded Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Pipe by the Heat Reversion Technique 3. TERMINOLOGY 3.1. GeneralDefinitions used in this specification are in accordan
13、ce with definitions given in ASTM D883 and ASTM F412 unless otherwise indicated. 3.2. profile wall pipea pipe product consisting of an essentially smooth wall waterway braced with annular or helical projections or ribs on the outside of the pipe, or with annular or helical bracing between essentiall
14、y smooth outer and inner walls (see Figure 1). Figure 1Typical Profiles (Cross Section): AWaterway Minimum Wall, BAverage Inside Diameter (Other Configurations of Ribs and Spacing Are Permissible) 3.3. soiltight jointsjoints that do not allow soil migration through the joint into the pipe are deemed
15、 soiltight. Both the size of any opening or flow channel into the joint and the soil particle size determine soil tightness. 2015 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-4b M 304-3 AASHTO 4. ORDERI
16、NG INFORMATION 4.1. OrdersOrders for materials to this specification shall include the following information as necessary to adequately describe the desired product: 4.1.1. Name of material (PVC ribbed drain pipe); 4.1.2. AASHTO designation, including year; 4.1.3. Perforations, when perforations are
17、 required; 4.1.4. Diameter of pipe; 4.1.5. Length, either total length or length of each piece and number of pieces; and 4.1.6. Special requirements. 5. MATERIALS 5.1. Basic MaterialsThe pipe, internal sleeves, and fittings shall be made of PVC plastic having a minimum cell classification of 12454C
18、or 12364C as defined in ASTM D1784. Homopolymer PVC compounds must meet or exceed the requirements of the above listed minimum cell classification number. 5.2. Reworked MaterialClean reworked material generated from the manufacturers own production, when used by the manufacturer, shall meet the requ
19、irements for minimum cell classification as described in Section 5.1. 5.3. GasketsElastomeric gaskets shall comply with low head-application requirements described in ASTM F477. 5.4. LubricantThe lubricant used for assembly shall have no detrimental effect on the gasket or on the pipe. Only lubrican
20、t recommended by the manufacturer shall be used. 6. JOINT SYSTEMS 6.1. Joint TypesJoints may consist of bells, external sleeves, internal sleeves, or band couplers. 6.2. Joint ClassificationsJoints shall be classified as soiltight or watertight. Soiltight joints must meet the requirements of Section
21、 7.6. Watertight joints must meet the requirements of Section 7.7. Note 1The outside diameters of products of different manufacturers are not specified and therefore compatibility should be reviewed. 7. REQUIREMENTS 7.1. WorkmanshipThe pipe and fittings shall be homogeneous throughout and free from
22、visible cracks, holes, foreign inclusions, or other injurious defects. The pipe shall be as uniform as commercially practical in color, opacity, density, and other physical properties. 2015 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is
23、a violation of applicable law.TS-4b M 304-4 AASHTO 7.2. Pipe Dimensions: 7.2.1. DiameterThe inside diameter of the pipe shall meet the requirements given in Table 1 when measured in accordance with Section 8.3.1. 7.2.2. Wall ThicknessThe minimum wall thickness of the waterway of ribbed pipe and fitt
24、ing shall meet the requirement given in Table 1 when measured in accordance with Section 8.3.2. Table 1Pipe Requirements Nominal Pipe Size, mm (in.) Min Average Inside Diameter,amm (in.) Min Waterway Wall, mm (in.) Min Pipe Impact Strength, J (ft-lbf) Min Pipe Stiffness, kPa (psi) 100 (4) 100.0 (3.9
25、) 0.56 (0.022) 108 (80) 318 (46) 150 (6) 149.7 (5.9) 0.64 (0.025) 108 (80) 318 (46) 200 (8) 199.7 (7.9) 0.89 (0.035) 136 (100) 318 (46) 250 (10) 249.6 (9.8) 1.14 (0.044) 136 (100) 318 (46) 300 (12) 296.8 (11.7) 1.52 (0.06) 136 (100) 318 (46) 375 (15) 363.3 (14.3) 1.90 (0.07) 136 (100) 262 (38) 450 (
26、18) 444.8 (17.5) 2.16 (0.08) 136 (100) 221 (32) 525 (21) 524.7 (20.7) 2.54 (0.10) 136 (100) 193 (28) 600 (24) 594.7 (23.4) 2.92 (0.11) 136 (100) 165 (24) 675 (27) 669.8 (26.4) 3.18 (0.12) 136 (100) 152 (22) 750 (30) 746.4 (29.4) 3.43 (0.14) 163 (120) 131 (19) 900 (36) 898.4 (35.4) 3.94 (0.15) 163 (1
27、20) 110 (16) 1050 (42) 1050.9 (41.4) 4.32 (0.17) 163 (120) 97 (14) 1200 (48) 1202.9 (47.4) 4.83 (0.19) 163 (120) 83 (12) aTolerance on inside diameter shall be +2 percent of nominal pipe size, but not to exceed 13 mm (0.5 in.). 7.2.3. Bell Wall ThicknessIn the case of belled pipe and fittings fabric
28、ated from pipe sections, the thickness of the wall in the bell shall be considered satisfactory if it was formed from pipe meeting the requirements in Table 1. For reducing fittings or those with smaller inlets, the minimum wall thickness for each inlet shall be no less than the minimum wall thickne
29、ss for that size pipe. Note 2Due to the present state of technology in the industry, some fittings are fabricated fittings. Fabricated fittings made from pipe meeting the requirements of the pipe specification should be acceptable providing that the joints are adequately lapped or reinforced. Unrein
30、forced mitered joints should not be used. Laying lengths of fittings should be in accordance with manufacturers requirements. 7.3. Pipe FlatteningThere shall be no evidence of splitting, cracking, breaking, or separation of ribs or seams, when pipe is tested in accordance with Section 8.4, and the l
31、oad on the pipe shall not decrease until the pipe inside diameter is reduced by 20 percent of its original dimension. 7.4. Pipe Impact StrengthThe impact strength shall not be less than values shown in Table 1 when tested in accordance with Section 8.5. Note 3This requirement is intended only for us
32、e as a quality control test, not as a simulated service test. 7.5. Pipe StiffnessThe pipe shall have a minimum pipe stiffness at 5 percent deflection as listed in Table 1 when tested in accordance with Section 8.6. Note 4Pipe meeting the test requirements for stiffness of this specification will pro
33、vide a flexibility factor not exceeding 0.54 mm/N (0.095 in/lbf) for all pipe diameters above 300 mm (12 in.). For nominal pipe sizes 300 mm (12 in.) and smaller, the minimum pipe stiffness is 320 kPa (46 psi). 2015 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights
34、 reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-4b M 304-5 AASHTO 7.6. Soiltight JointsJoints classified as soiltight shall meet the requirements of AASHTO LRFD Bridge Construction Specifications, Section 26 when measured in accordance with Section 8.8. The ratio of the D85soil size to th
35、e size of the opening must be greater than 0.3 for medium to fine sand and greater than 0.2 for uniform sand. 7.7. Watertight JointsGasketed joints classified as watertight shall show no sign of leakage when tested in accordance with Section 8.9. 7.8. GasketsWhen a gasketed joint is used, gaskets sh
36、all meet the low head application requirements of ASTM F477 and be molded into a circular form or extruded to the proper section and then spliced into circular form. 7.9. Extrusion Quality: 7.9.1. Acetone ImmersionThe pipe shall meet the requirements as defined in ASTM D2152 when tested in accordanc
37、e with Section 8.7.1. Note 5This is intended only for use as a quality control test and not for use as a simulated service test. 7.9.2. Heat ReversionThe pipe shall not exhibit any of the effects listed in the suggested interpretation of results of the ASTM Practice F1057 when tested in accordance w
38、ith Section 8.7.2. 7.10. Internal Sleeve DimensionsThe dimensions of the internal sleeve shall be such that they provide a minimum interference to internal flow and provide a soiltight joint with the pipe. The internal sleeve shall lap a minimum of 50 mm (2 in.) on each pipe, and shall contain a dev
39、ice so that the sleeve is centered on the joint (see Figure 2). Figure 2Typical Internal Sleeve Profile (Cross Section) (Other Configurations of Internal Sleeve Are Permissible.) 7.11. PerforationsPerforations, when required, shall be circular holes 5 to 10 mm (0.2 to 0.4 in.) in diameter, or slots
40、not to exceed 3 mm (0.12 in.) in width and limited in length to 10 percent of pipe circumference or 75 mm (3 in.), whichever is less, to provide an inlet area as follows: Pipe Size, mm (in.) Inlet Area, Min, cm2/m (in./ft) 100 (4) 11 (0.5) 150 to 250 (6 to 10) 21 (1.0) 300 to 525 (12 to 21) 32 (1.5)
41、 600 (24) and over 42 (2.0) 2015 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-4b M 304-6 AASHTO Perforations shall be arranged in rows parallel to the axis of the pipe. Perforations shall not occur with
42、in the rib structure itself but between. The rows of perforations shall be arranged in two equal groups placed symmetrically on either side of a lower unperforated segment, corresponding to the flow line of the pipe. The spacing of the rows shall be uniform. The distance between the centerlines of r
43、ows shall be not less than 25 mm (1 in.). The maximum heights (H) of the centerlines of the uppermost rows (or upper end of slots) above the bottom of the invert shall be 0.46D, and the minimum chord lengths (L) of the unperforated invert segment shall be 0.64D, where D equals the nominal pipe diame
44、ter (see Figure 3). Figure 3Requirements for Perforations 7.12. Stub Compression TestP rofile compression capacity in any specimen in the stub compression test T 341 shall not be less than 75 percent of the gross cross-sectional area times the minimum specified yield strength when tested in accordan
45、ce with Section 8.10. The stub compression test, T 341, shall be a material and wall design qualification test conducted twice a year or whenever there are changes in wall design or material distribution. Computing the minimum capacity requires determining the cross-sectional area of the pipe wall.
46、This can be conveniently accomplished by optically scanning the profile and determining the section properties using a computer drafting program. 7.13. Manufacturer RecordsManufacturers shall keep records of the following: (1) resin manufacturers data sheets and certification that the base resin mee
47、ts cell class requirements of the product specifications; (2) manufacturers data sheets and quantities for all additives; (3) test results to demonstrate that if resins of two different cell classifications are blended, the resulting mixture meets the requirements of the specified cell class; (4) co
48、rrelation of the resin shipment source with pipe markings. 8. TEST METHODS 8.1. Conditioning: 8.1.1. Referee TestingWhen conditioning is required for referee tests, condition the specimens in accordance with Procedure A of ASTM D618 at 23 2C (73.5 3.5F) and 50 percent 2015 by the American Associatio
49、n of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-4b M 304-7 AASHTO 5 percent relative humidity for not less than 40 h prior to test. Conduct tests under the same conditions of temperature and humidity, unless otherwise specified. 8.1.2. Quality Control TestingCondition specimens for a minimum of 4 h in air or 1 h in water at 23 2C (73.5 3.5F). Test the specimens at 23 2C (73.5 3.5F) without regard to relative
