1、Standard Specification for Processing Additions for Use in the Manufacture of Hydraulic Cements AASHTO Designation: M 327-18 Technical Section: 3a, Hydraulic Cement and Lime Release: Group 1 (April) ASTM Designation: C465-16 American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials 444 Nort
2、h Capitol Street N.W., Suite 249 Washington, D.C. 20001 TS-3a M 327-1 AASHTO Standard Specification for Processing Additions for Use in the Manufacture of Hydraulic Cements AASHTO Designation: M 327-18 Technical Section: 3a, Hydraulic Cement and Lime Release: Group 1 (April) ASTM Designation: C465-1
3、6 1. SCOPE1.1. This specification pertains to the criteria and tests to be used for determining whether an organicor inorganic processing addition, when used in the recommended amount at the option of thecement producer in the manufacture of hydraulic cements, meets the requirements as prescribed by
4、definition in M 85 and M 240M/M 240 as well as ASTM C1157/C1157M and C845/C845M. Thematerials listed in the following former AASHTO and ASTM specifications shall be considered asmeeting the organic processing additions requirements of this specification: M 85-57, Portland Cement ASTM C205-58, Standa
5、rd Specification for Portland Blast-Furnace Slag Cement ASTM C340-58, Standard Specification for Portland-Pozzolan Cement ASTM C358-58, Standard Specification for Slag Cement1.2. The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test methods described in thisspecification. This standard does
6、not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any,associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriatesafety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. REFERENCED DOCUMENTS2.1. AASHTO Stand
7、ards: M 6, Fine Aggregate for Hydraulic Cement Concrete M 80, Coarse Aggregate for Hydraulic Cement Concrete M 85, Portland Cement M 85-57 Portland Cement M 240M/M 240, Blended Hydraulic Cement R 39, Making and Curing Concrete Test Specimens in the Laboratory T 22, Compressive Strength of Cylindrica
8、l Concrete Specimens T 97, Flexural Strength of Concrete (Using Simple Beam with Third-Point Loading) T 98M/T 98, Fineness of Portland Cement by the Turbidimeter T 105, Chemical Analysis of Hydraulic Cement T 106M/T 106, Compressive Strength of Hydraulic Cement Mortar (Using 50-mm or 2-in.Cube Speci
9、mens) 2018 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-3a M 327-2 AASHTO T 107M/T 107, Autoclave Expansion of Hydraulic Cement T 119M/T 119, Slump of Hydraulic Cement Concrete T 121M/T 121, Density (U
10、nit Weight), Yield, and Air Content (Gravimetric) of Concrete T 129, Amount of Water Required for Normal Consistency of Hydraulic Cement Paste T 131, Time of Setting of Hydraulic Cement by Vicat Needle T 137, Air Content of Hydraulic Cement Mortar T 152, Air Content of Freshly Mixed Concrete by the
11、Pressure Method T 153, Fineness of Hydraulic Cement by Air Permeability Apparatus T 177, Flexural Strength of Concrete (Using Simple Beam with Center-Point Loading) T 196M/T 196, Air Content of Freshly Mixed Concrete by the Volumetric Method T 231, Capping Cylindrical Concrete Specimens 2.2. ASTM St
12、andards: C205-58, Standard Specification for Portland Blast-Furnace Slag Cement C226, Standard Specification for Air-Entraining Additions for Use in the Manufacture of Air-Entraining Hydraulic Cement C340-58, Standard Specification for Portland-Pozzolan Cement C358-58, Standard Specification for Sla
13、g Cement C596, Standard Test Method for Drying Shrinkage of Mortar Containing Hydraulic Cement C845/C845M, Standard Specification for Expansive Hydraulic Cement C1157/C1157M, Standard Performance Specification for Hydraulic Cement D891, Standard Test Methods for Specific Gravity, Apparent, of Liquid
14、 Industrial Chemicals E203, Standard Test Method for Water Using Volumetric Karl Fischer Titration 3. MATERIALS 3.1. Cements: 3.1.1. In cases where it is desired that the proposed organic processing addition be accepted for general use in portland cement, tests shall be made on cements prepared from
15、 at least five different clinkers. As a minimum, these clinkers shall represent two Type I cements containing not less than 9.0 percent C3A, one Type II cement, and two Type III cements, all conforming to M 85. 3.1.2. In cases where it is also desired that the proposed organic processing addition be
16、 used in blended cements, the test and test procedures shall be as specified with a control and an addition for cement conforming to the appropriate specification, M 240M/M 240 or ASTM C1157/C1157M. 3.1.3. Organic processing additions that have been shown to meet the requirements of this specificati
17、on may also be used in cements conforming to ASTM C845/C845M. Testing of the addition with these special cements, where desired, shall be done using the tests and test procedures as specified with a control cement and a cement containing the addition, both conforming to ASTM C845/C845M. 3.1.4. In ca
18、ses where it is desired that the proposed organic processing addition be limited in use to specific types of cement less in number than required in Section 3.1.1, the tests and test procedures shall be as specified, and at least two pairs of cements shall be prepared from two clinkers from different
19、 plants for each type under specific consideration. 3.1.5. For inorganic processing additions, or in cases where it is desired that the proposed organic processing addition be limited in use to a single plant, the tests and test procedures shall be as 2018 by the American Association of State Highwa
20、y and Transportation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-3a M 327-3 AASHTO specified, and at least two pairs of cements shall be prepared from clinkers representing each type under specific consideration. 3.1.6. Two companion cements are to be made from an
21、y one clinker. The companion cements shall be prepared from the clinker and shall be: a) cement that does not contain the proposed processing addition (control cement), and b) cement that does contain the proposed processing addition. The two companion cements shall be ground to the same fineness wi
22、thin 7 m2/kg when tested in accordance with T 98M/T 98, or within 13 m2/kg when tested in accordance with T 153, and the SO3content, expressed as a percentage of the cement mass and reported to the nearest 0.01 percent, shall differ by not more than 0.3, so as to afford comparable samples for indica
23、ting the effect of the addition on the cement. Each control cement shall comply with all requirements in the specification applicable to that type of cement and shall not contain the proposed addition when tested by the method furnished by the producer or seller of the addition. 3.1.7. The percentag
24、e of each of the following shall be determined for each lot of cement tested: silicon dioxide (SiO2), aluminum oxide (Al2O3), ferric oxide (Fe2O3), calcium oxide (CaO), magnesium oxide (MgO), sulfur trioxide (SO3), ignition loss, insoluble residue, sodium oxide (Na2O), and potassium oxide (K2O). The
25、re shall also be calculated the potential percentages of the following compounds: tricalcium silicate, dicalcium silicate, tricalcium aluminate, and tetracalcium aluminoferrite. Determinations for the percentage of the addition shall be made, both on the control cements and on those with which the a
26、ddition was interground, using the method proposed therefore by the sponsor. 3.2. AggregatesThe fine and coarse aggregates shall comply with M 6 and M 80; the coarse aggregate shall comply with the grading requirements for Size No. 57 or Size No. 67. A sufficient quantity from a single lot of coarse
27、 aggregate and from a single lot of fine aggregate shall be provided to complete all tests. To prevent the segregation of particle sizes in the fine aggregate, a single lot of sand sufficient for all tests shall either (1) be separated on the 4.75-mm (No. 4), 1.18-mm (No. 16), 300-m (No. 50), and 15
28、0-m (No. 100) sieves, and then be recombined in the required quantity for each batch, or (2) be blended while in a damp condition and maintained in that condition for the duration of the tests. Under option (2), lots of appropriate size for single mortar and concrete batches shall be carefully split
29、 or quartered from the entire batch. 4. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS 4.1. Processing additions shall conform to the respective requirements in this specification. 4.2. The trade name, source, character of the material, and means for the quantitative determination of the addition in the finished cement shall
30、 be furnished by the sponsor, manufacturer, or supplier of the addition, and the information shall form part of the record of tests of the addition. If the processing addition is a liquid, the specific gravity and percent water content shall also be part of the record. If the processing addition is
31、an inorganic solid, the allowable ranges of chemical analysis of the addition shall also be part of the record. 4.2.1. The specific gravity, run in accordance with Section 7.1.1, shall be within 0.05 units of the value reported in Section 4.2. 4.2.2. The chemical analysis in Section 7.2.1 shall be w
32、ithin the ranges given in Section 4.2. 4.3. Processing additions shall be evaluated by comparing cements containing the addition to otherwise identical cements from the same source without the addition, or containing one processing addition that has been shown to comply with this specification using
33、 control cements without any additions, hereinafter designated the “control” cement. 2018 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-3a M 327-4 AASHTO 4.4. The amount of the processing addition to be
34、 interground with the cement for evaluation purposes shall be determined by the sponsor of the addition. 4.4.1. The amount of the addition in the cement containing the addition and showing compliance with the requirements of this specification shall be determined quantitatively by means of the quant
35、itative determination required by Section 4.2. 4.4.2. The amount of addition, so determined, shall be used to state the amount of addition that shows compliance with this specification. 4.4.3. When tests on cements containing the addition show compliance with the requirements of this specification,
36、the addition in cement may be used in any amount up to the maximum amount showing compliance. 4.5. The cement produced for evaluation purposes with the processing addition shall comply with the appropriate specifications; either M 85 or M 240M/M 240, and either ASTM C845/C845M or C1157/C1157M, excep
37、t that it contains the addition under test. The effect of the addition on the properties of the cement shall also be within the following limits: 4.5.1. The percentage of water by mass of cement required for normal consistency of cement containing the addition shall not exceed that required by the c
38、orresponding control cement by more than 1 percent. For those cements not limited to a fixed water requirement, the percentage of water by mass of cement required for standard consistency of the mortar used for strength determinations as described in Section 4.5.4 shall not be increased by more than
39、 2.0 percent by the addition over that required for the control cement. 4.5.2. The time of setting of cement containing the addition shall not vary from the time of setting of the corresponding control cement by more than 1 h or 50 percent, whichever is the lesser. 4.5.3. The autoclave expansion of
40、cement containing the addition, expressed as a percentage change in length, shall not be more than 0.10 percent greater than that of the corresponding control cement. 4.5.4. The compressive strength of mortar cubes made with cement containing the addition, in accordance with T 106M/T 106, and tested
41、 at 1, 3, 7, and 28 days for all types, shall be compared with strengths obtained with the control cement at similar ages. The grand average of these individual strength percentages shall not be less than 95 percent of the control cement values. It is required that cubes for companion cements be mad
42、e and tested on the same days, with storage of specimens side by side in the same section of the moist cabinet during the 24-h curing period. Retesting of companion cements on the same or a following day is required in order to provide six, rather than three, test specimens for each cement and age o
43、f test. 4.5.5. The ultimate drying shrinkage of mortar made with cement containing the addition shall not be more than 0.025 percent greater than that of similar mortar made with the corresponding control cement when tested in accordance with ASTM C596. 4.5.6. The compressive strength of the concret
44、e made with cement containing the addition shall be compared with strengths obtained with the control cement at similar ages. The grand average of these individual strength percentages shall not be less than 90 percent of the values for the control cement. 4.5.7. The flexural strength of concrete ma
45、de with cement containing the addition shall be compared with strengths obtained with the control cement at similar ages. The grand average of these individual strength percentages shall not be less than 90 percent of the values for the control cement. 2018 by the American Association of State Highw
46、ay and Transportation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-3a M 327-5 AASHTO 4.5.8. The amount of air-entraining addition required to produce 19 3 percent air in the mortar test made in accordance with T 137, with the cement containing the addition under te
47、st, shall not be greater than 120 percent of the amount required to produce, within 1 percent, the air content obtained with the control cement. The air-entraining addition used shall meet the requirements of ASTM C226. 4.6. Processing additions that provide maximum effects as grinding aids or pack
48、set inhibitors may increase cement flowability to a point where mill retention time is reduced sufficiently to affect significantly the particle size distribution of the resulting cement and its physical-chemical properties. Mill retention times are controllable by mechanical means in full-scale gri
49、nding mills. Hence, the true physical-chemical effects of the test additive may be determined for acceptance purposes by making supplementary laboratory or pilot-mill grinds in instances where full-scale tests have shown mill retention time reductions to have significant effects on the properties of the resulting cement. 4.7. In the event that the effect of the addition on the properties of cement are determined on the basis of laboratory or pilot mill grinds, this fact shall be entered in the report specified in Section 13,
