1、TS-4b M 330-1 AASHTO Standard Specification for Polypropylene Pipe, 300- to 1500-mm (12- to 60-in.) Diameter AASHTO Designation: M 330-1311. SCOPE 1.1. This specification covers the requirements and methods of tests for corrugated polypropylene (PP) pipe, couplings, and fittings for use in surface a
2、nd subsurface drainage application. 1.1.1. Nominal sizes of 300 to 1500 mm (12 to 60 in.) are included. 1.1.2. Materials, workmanship, dimensions, pipe stiffness, environmental stress crack resistance, joining systems, brittleness, and form of markings are specified. 1.2. Corrugated polypropylene pi
3、pe is intended for surface and subsurface drainage applications where soil provides support to its flexible walls. Its major use is to collect or convey drainage water by open gravity flow, as culverts, storm drains, sewers, etc. This standard does not cover applications that require polypropylene p
4、ipe over 600 mm (24 in.) with a minimum pipe stiffness over 314 kPa (46 psi) and low-pressure watertight joints (7.6 m (25 ft) of constant head), such as required in sanitary sewer applications. 1.3. This specification does not include requirements for bedding, backfill, or earth cover load. Success
5、ful performance of this product depends upon proper type of bedding and backfill, and care in installation. The structural design of thermoplastic pipe and the proper installation procedures are given in the AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications, Section 12, and AASHTO LRFD Bridge Construction Sp
6、ecifications, Section 30, respectively. Upon request of the user or engineer, the manufacturer shall provide profile wall section detail required for a full engineering evaluation. 1.4. The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. Within the text the U.S. Customary Units are shown i
7、n parentheses and may not be exact equivalents. 1.5. The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 9.4 of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the
8、user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 2. REFERENCED DOCUMENTS 2.1. AASHTO Standards: R 16, Regulatory Information for Chemicals Used in AASHTO Tests T 341, Determination of Compression Capaci
9、ty for Profile Wall Plastic Pipe by Stub Compression Loading AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications, Section 12 2013 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-4b M 330-2 AASHTO AASHTO LRFD Bridge C
10、onstruction Specifications, Section 30 Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges 2.2. ASTM Standards: D 256, Standard Test Methods for Determining the Izod Pendulum Impact Resistance of Plastics D 618, Standard Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing D 638, Standard Test Method for Tensile
11、Properties of Plastics D 790, Standard Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Unreinforced and Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materials D 792, Standard Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Relative Density) of Plastics by Displacement D 883, Standard Terminology Relating to
12、 Plastics D 1238, Standard Test Method for Melt Flow Rates of Thermoplastics by Extrusion Plastometer D 1505, Standard Test Method for Density of Plastics by the Density-Gradient Technique D 1600, Standard Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating to Plastics D 1928, Standard Practice for Preparati
13、on of Compression-Molded Polyethylene Test Sheets and Test Specimens (Withdrawn 2001) D 2122, Standard Test Method for Determining Dimensions of Thermoplastic Pipe and Fittings D 2412, Standard Test Method for Determination of External Loading Characteristics of Plastic Pipe by Parallel-Plate Loadin
14、g D 2444, Standard Test Method for Determination of the Impact Resistance of Thermoplastic Pipe and Fittings by Means of a Tup (Falling Weight) D 2990, Standard Test Methods for Tensile, Compressive, and Flexural Creep and Creep-Rupture of Plastics D 3895, Standard Test Method for Oxidative-Inductio
15、n Time of Polyolefins by Differential Scanning Calorimetry D 4101, Standard Specification for Polypropylene Injection and Extrusion Materials D 6992, Standard Test Method for Accelerated Tensile Creep and Creep-Rupture of Geosynthetic Materials Based on Time-Temperature Superposition Using the Stepp
16、ed Isothermal Method F 412, Standard Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems F 2136, Standard Test Method for Notched, Constant Ligament-Stress (NCLS) Test to Determine Slow-Crack-Growth Resistance of HDPE Resins or HDPE Corrugated Pipe. 3. TERMINOLOGY 3.1. The terminology used in this standa
17、rd is in accordance with the definitions given in ASTM D 883, D 1600, and F 412 unless otherwise specified. 3.2. crackAny break or split that extends through the wall. 3.3. creaseAn irrecoverable indentation, generally associated with wall buckling. 3.4. delaminationA separation between the inner li
18、ner and the outer corrugated wall of Type S pipe as evidenced by a visible gap extending completely through at least one corrugation valley at any point around the circumference of the pipe. For Type D pipe, delamination is a separation of the 2013 by the American Association of State Highway and Tr
19、ansportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-4b M 330-3 AASHTO inner and/or outer wall as evidenced by a visible gap extending completely between the internal supports and inner or outer wall at any point around the circumference of the pipe. 3.5. polyp
20、ropylene (PP)A polymer prepared by the polymerization of propylene as the sole monomer (ASTM D 883). 3.6. reworked plasticA plastic from a processors own production that has been reground, pelletized, or solvated after having been previously processed by molding, extrusion, etc. (ASTM D 883). 3.7. s
21、low crack growthA phenomenon by which a stress crack may form. A stress crack is an external or internal crack in plastic caused by tensile stresses less than its short-time mechanical strength. 3.8. virgin polypropylene materialPP plastic material in the form of pellets, granules, or powder that ha
22、s not been subject to use or processing other than required for initial manufacture. 4. CLASSIFICATION 4.1. The corrugated polypropylene pipe covered by this specification is classified as follows: 4.1.1. Type CThis pipe shall have a full circular cross section, with a corrugated surface both inside
23、 and outside. Corrugations shall be annular. 4.1.1.1. Type CPThis pipe shall be Type C with perforations. 4.1.2. Type SThis pipe shall have a full circular cross section, with an outer corrugated pipe wall and a smooth inner liner. Corrugations shall be annular. 4.1.2.1. Type SPThis pipe shall be Ty
24、pe S with perforations. 4.1.3. Type DThis pipe shall consist of an essentially smooth waterway braced circumferentially or spirally with projections or ribs joined to an essentially smooth outer wall. Both walls shall be fused to, or continuous with, the internal supports. 4.2. Two classes of perfor
25、ations are as described in Sections 7.3.1 and 7.3.2. 2013 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-4b M 330-4 AASHTO Figure 1Types of Corrugated Polypropylene Pipe 5. ORDERING INFORMATION 5.1. Order
26、s using this specification shall include the following information as necessary to adequately describe the desired product: 5.1.1. AASHTO designation and year of issue; 5.1.2. Type of pipe (see Section 4.1); 5.1.3. Diameter and length required, either total length or length of each piece and number
27、of pieces; 5.1.4. Number of couplings; 5.1.5. Class of perforations (Class 2 is furnished if not specified) (see Section 7.3); and 5.1.6. Certification, if desired (see Section 12.1). Exterior WallInner Wall(Liner)Corrugationsor RibsValleyCrownTYPE CTYPE STYPE DCorrugationsor RibsCorrugationsor Ribs
28、ValleyValley Inner Wall(Liner)CrownCrown 2013 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-4b M 330-5 AASHTO 6. MATERIALS 6.1. Basic Materials: 6.1.1. Extruded Pipe and FittingsPipe and fittings shall b
29、e made of virgin polypropylene compounds meeting or exceeding the requirements in Table 1. Polypropylene compounds shall be comprised of the base polypropylene resin and all additives, colorants, UV inhibitors, and stabilizers. Conditioning, sampling, preparation, and testing of specimens shall be i
30、n accordance with the requirements in ASTM D 4101. Table 1Polypropylene Compound Properties Property ASTM Test Method Units (SI Units) Minimum Value Maximum Value Melt Flow Rate (446F (230C) D 1238 g/10 min 0.15 1.50 Density D 792, D 1505 lb/in.3(g/cm3) 0.0325 (0.900) 0.343 (0.950) Tensile Strength
31、at Yield D 638 psi (N/mm2) 3500 (24) 4500 (31) Elongation at Yield D 638 % (%) 5 (5) 25 (25) Flexural Modulus (1% secant) D 790B psi (N/mm2) 175,000 (1200) 275,000 (1900) IZOD Impact Strength (73F (23C) D 256 ft-lb/in.2(kJ/m2) 23.8 (50) No Break Oxidative-Induction Time (392F (200C) D 3895 min 25 20
32、0 6.1.2. Injection Blow Molded Fittings and CouplingsFittings and couplings shall be made of virgin polypropylene resins that conform with the requirements of PP 0500 H 464 as defined and described in ASTM D 4101 in Table 1. Resins that have higher cell classifications in one or more properties are
33、acceptable provided product requirements are met. 6.2. Color and Ultraviolet Stabilization for Pipe and FittingsThe pipe shall be colored or black. Black polypropylene compounds shall have between 2.0 and 4.0 percent carbon black. Colored polypropylene compounds shall be protected from Ultraviolet (
34、UV) degradation with UV stabilizers. 6.3. Reworked PlasticIn lieu of virgin PP, clean reworked plastic may be used by the manufacturer, provided that it meets the requirements as described in Section 6.1 and as defined in Section 3.5. 6.4. Slow Crack GrowthFor slow-crack-growth resistance of the pip
35、e corrugation, PP resins pipe liner specimens shall be evaluated using the notched constant ligament stress test according to the procedure described in Section 9.4. The average failure time of the five test specimens shall exceed 100 h with no single test specimens failure time less than 71 h. 6.5.
36、 Long-Term Material PropertiesWhen tested in accordance with the procedure described in Section 9.8, the 75-year material properties for modulus of elasticity and tensile strength for polypropylene pipe shall be a minimum or 186 MPa (27,000 psi) and 7 MPa (1,000 psi), respectively. 7. REQUIREMENTS 7
37、.1. WorkmanshipThe pipe and fittings shall be free of foreign inclusions and visible defects as defined herein. The ends of the pipe shall be cut squarely and cleanly so as not to adversely affect joining or connecting. 2013 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.A
38、ll rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-4b M 330-6 AASHTO 7.1.1. Visible DefectsCracks, creases, delaminations, and unpigmented or nonuniformly pigmented pipe are not permissible in the pipe or fittings as furnished. 7.1.2. For Type S pipe, the inner liner shall be fused
39、to the outer corrugated shell at all internal corrugation crests. For Type D pipe, both walls shall be fused to or continuous with the internal supports. 7.2. Pipe Dimensions: 7.2.1. Nominal sizeThe nominal size for the pipe and fittings is based on the nominal inside diameter of the pipe. Nominal d
40、iameters shall be 300, 375, 450, 525, 600, 675, 750, 900, 1050, 1200, 1350, and 1500 mm (12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, 30, 36, 42, 48, 54, and 60 in.). 7.2.2. Wall ThicknessThe inner wall of Type S pipe, and both inner and outer walls of Type D pipe, shall have the following minimum thicknesses, when meas
41、ured in accordance with Section 9.6.4. Diameter, mm (in.) Wall Thickness, mm (in.) 300 (12) 0.9 (0.35) 375 (15) 1.0 (0.04) 450 (18) 1.3 (0.05) 525 (21) 1.5 (0.06) 600 (24) 1.5 (0.06) 675 (27) 1.5 (0.06) 750 (30) 1.5 (0.06) 900 (36) 1.7 (0.07) 1050 (42) 1.8 (0.07) 1200 (48) 1.8 (0.07) 1350 (54) 2.0 (
42、0.08) 1500 (60) 2.0 (0.08) 7.2.3. Inside Diameter TolerancesThe tolerance on the specified inside diameter shall be 3 percent oversize and 1.5 percent undersize, but not more than 30 mm (1.2 in.) oversize when measured in accordance with Section 9.6.1. 7.2.4. LengthCorrugated PP pipe may be sold in
43、any length agreeable to the user. Lengths shall not be less than 99 percent of the stated quantity when measured in accordance with Section 9.6.2. 7.3. PerforationWhen perforated pipe is specified, the perforations shall conform to the requirements of Class 2, unless otherwise specified in the order
44、. Class 1 perforations are for pipe intended to be used for subsurface drainage or combination storm and underdrain. Class 2 perforations are for pipe intended to be used for subsurface drainage only. The perforations shall be cleanly cut so as not to restrict the inflow of water. Pipe connected by
45、couplings or bands may be unperforated within 100 mm (4 in.) of each end of each length of pipe. Pipe connected by bell and spigot joints may not be perforated in the area of the bells and spigots. 7.3.1. Class 1 PerforationsThe perforations shall be approximately circular and shall have nominal dia
46、meters of not less than 5 mm (0.2 in.) nor greater than 10 mm (0.4 in.) and shall be arranged in rows parallel to the axis of the pipe. The perforations shall be located in the external valleys with perforations in each row for each corrugation. The rows of perforations shall be arranged in two equa
47、l groups placed symmetrically on either side of the lower unperforated segment corresponding to the flow line of the pipe. The spacing of the rows shall be uniform. The distance between the center lines of the rows shall not be less that 25 mm (1 in.). The minimum number of longitudinal rows of perf
48、orations, the maximum height of the center lines of the uppermost rows of 2013 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-4b M 330-7 AASHTO perforations above the bottom of the invert, and the inside
49、chord lengths of the unperforated segments illustrated in Figure 1 shall be as specified in Table 2. 7.3.2. Class 2 PerforationsCircular perforations shall be a minimum of 5 mm (0.2 in.) and shall not exceed 10 mm (0.4 in) in diameter. The width of slots shall not exceed 3 mm. The length of slots shall not exceed 70 mm (2.75 in.) for 300-mm (12-in.) and 375-mm (15-in.) pipe and 75 mm (3 in.) for 450-mm (18-in.) and larger pipe. Perforations shall be placed in the external valleys and uniformly s
