1、Standard Specification for Steel-Reinforced Polyethylene (PE) Ribbed Pipe, 300- to 1500-mm (12- to 60-in.) Diameter AASHTO Designation: M 335-181Technical Section: 4b, Flexible and Metallic Pipe Release: Group 2 (June) American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials 444 North Capi
2、tol Street N.W., Suite 249 Washington, D.C. 20001 TS-4b M 335-1 AASHTO Standard Specification for Steel-Reinforced Polyethylene (PE) Ribbed Pipe, 300- to 1500-mm (12- to 60-in.) Diameter AASHTO Designation: M 335-181Technical Section: 4b, Flexible and Metallic Pipe Release: Group 2 (June) 1. SCOPE 1
3、.1. This specification covers the requirements and methods of tests for steel-reinforced polyethylene (PE) ribbed pipe, couplings, and fittings for use in surface and subsurface drainage applications. 1.1.1. Nominal sizes of 300 to 1500 mm (12 to 60 in.) are included. 1.1.2. Materials, workmanship,
4、dimensions, perforation, pipe stiffness, impact resistance, tensile strength of seams, shape stability, joining systems, and form of markings are specified. 1.2. Steel-reinforced PE ribbed pipe is intended for surface and subsurface drainage applications where soil provides support to its flexible w
5、alls. Its major use is to collect or convey drainage water by open gravity flow as culverts, storm drains, etc. Note 1When PE pipe is to be used in locations where the ends may be exposed, consideration should be given to protection of the exposed portions due to combustibility of the PE and the eff
6、ects of prolonged exposure to ultraviolet radiation. 1.3. This specification only deals with this pipes materials requirements. The structural design of steel reinforced thermoplastic culverts and the proper installation procedures are given in the AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications, Section 1
7、2, and AASHTO LRFD Bridge Construction Specifications, Section 26, respectively. Upon request of the user or engineer, the manufacturer shall provide profile wall section detail required for a full engineering evaluation. 1.4. UnitsThe values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. Within
8、 the text, the U.S. Customary units are shown in parentheses and may not be exact equivalents. 1.5. The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 9, of this specification. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated
9、with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 2. REFERENCED DOCUMENTS 2.1. AASHTO Standards: M 288, Geosynthetic Specification for Highway Applications 2
10、018 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-4b M 335-2 AASHTO T 341, Determination of Compression Capacity for Profile Wall Plastic Pipe by Stub Compression Loading AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Speci
11、fications, Section 12 AASHTO LRFD Bridge Construction Specifications, Section 26 2.2. ASTM Standards: A653/A653M, Standard Specification for Steel Sheet, Zinc-Coated (Galvanized) or Zinc-Iron Alloy-Coated (Galvannealed) by the Hot-Dip Process D618, Standard Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Tes
12、ting D638, Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics D883, Standard Terminology Relating to Plastics D2122, Standard Test Method for Determining Dimensions of Thermoplastic Pipe and Fittings D2412, Standard Test Method for Determination of External Loading Characteristics of Plastic Pi
13、pe by Parallel-Plate Loading D2444, Standard Test Method for Determination of the Impact Resistance of Thermoplastic Pipe and Fittings by Means of a Tup (Falling Weight) D3212, Standard Specification for Joints for Drain and Sewer Plastic Pipes Using Flexible Elastomeric Seals D3350, Standard Specif
14、ication for Polyethylene Plastics Pipe and Fittings Materials F412, Standard Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems F477, Standard Specification for Elastomeric Seals (Gaskets) for Joining Plastic Pipe F2136, Standard Test Method for Notched, Constant Ligament-Stress (NCLS) Test to Determine
15、 Slow-Crack-Growth Resistance of HDPE Resins or HDPE Corrugated Pipe 3. TERMINOLOGY 3.1. The terminology used in this standard is in accordance with the definitions given in ASTM D883 and ASTM F412 unless otherwise specified. 3.2. Definitions: 3.2.1. crackany break or split that extends through the
16、wall. 3.2.2. creasea visible irrecoverable indentation, generally associated with a loss in shape stability. 3.2.3. delaminationa gap extending through the weld seam between two adjacent wrap widths. 3.2.4. encapsulation thicknessesthe thicknesses of the high-density polyethylene (HDPE) coveri ng on
17、 both sides of the steel reinforcement as well as the thickness of the closure at the top (outside) of the rib and the thickness of the profile directly under (inside) the reinforcement (see Figure 2). 3.2.5. gravity flowa condition in which liquid flow through a piping system results from a downwar
18、d pipeline slope, but flow is less than full, except during conditions when the system may become temporarily surcharged, in which case the system is subject to temporary internal hydrostatic pressure that is limited to 74 kPa. 3.2.6. polyethylene (PE) plasticsplastics based on polymers made with et
19、hylene as essentially the sole monomer (ASTM D883). 2018 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-4b M 335-3 AASHTO 3.2.7. reworked plastica plastic from a processors own production that has been r
20、eground, pelletized, or solvated after having been previously processed by molding, extrusion, etc. (ASTM D883). 3.2.8. weld seamthe portion of the helically wrapped strip that overlaps and is fused to adjacent helically wrapped strips (see Figure 1). Figure 1Cross Section of Profile 3.2.9. shape st
21、abilitya general measure of the pipes ability to maintain geometric and structural stability while deflected and carrying a load equal to or greater than 75 percent of its peak load-carrying capability. Peak load-carrying capability is identified as the maximum load in the load/deflection curve as m
22、easured during the flattening test as described in Section 9.2. 3.2.10. steel-reinforced thermoplastic piperibbed thermoplastic pipe with steel reinforcing strips encapsulated within the ribs (see Figure 1 and Figure 2). 3.2.11. slow crack growtha phenomenon by which a stress crack may form. A stres
23、s crack is an external or internal crack in plastic caused by tensile stresses less than its short-term mechanical strength. 3.2.12. virgin polyethylene materialPE plastic material in the form of pellets, granules, powder, floc, or liquid that has not been subject to use or processing other than req
24、uired for initial manufacture. 3.2.13. wrap widththe width the helically wrapped strip covers when measured across the strip, perpendicular to the ribs (see Figure 1). 3.2.14. waterway wallthe minimum wall thickness separating the inner and outer surfaces of the pipe wall, which is measured between
25、pipe ribs (see Figure 2). 4. CLASSIFICATION 4.1. The steel-reinforced PE ribbed pipe covered by this specification is classified as follows: 4.1.1. Type SThis pipe shall have a full circular cross section with an essentially smooth inner wall. 4.1.2. Type SPThis pipe shall be Type S with perforation
26、s. 4.2. Perforations are described in Section 7.5. Weld SeamPolyethylene ProfileSteel ReinforcementWrap Width 2018 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-4b M 335-4 AASHTO 5. ORDERING INFORMATION
27、 5.1. Orders using this specification shall include the following information as necessary to adequately describe the desired product: 5.1.1. AASHTO designation and year of issue; 5.1.2. Perforation, if applicable (Section 7.5); 5.1.3. Diameter and length required, either total length or length of e
28、ach piece and number of pieces; 5.1.4. Certification, if desired (Section 12.1); and 5.1.5. Type of pipe joint (Section 7.12.1). 6. MATERIALS 6.1. Polyethylene Materials: 6.1.1. Pipe and FittingsPipe and fittings shall be made of virgin PE, conforming to the requirements of ASTM D3350 and having a c
29、ell classification of 334452 C or E. Resins that have higher cell classifications in one or more properties are acceptable provided the product requirements are met. 6.1.2. Rotational Molded Fittings and CouplingsFittings and couplings shall be made of virgin PE, conforming to the requirements of AS
30、TM D3350 and having a cell classification of 213320 C or E. Resins that have higher cell classifications in one or more properties are acceptable provided product requirements are met. For slow crack resistance, acceptance of resins shall be determined by using the notched, constant ligament-stress
31、(NCLS) test according to the procedure described in Section 9.6. The average failure time of the five test specimens must exceed 24 h with no single test specimens failure time less than 17 h. 6.1.3. Injection Molded Fittings and CouplingsFittings and couplings shall be made of virgin PE, conforming
32、 to the requirements of ASTM D3350 and having a cell classification of 324452 C or E. Resins that have higher cell classifications in one or more properties are acceptable provided product requirements are met. 6.1.4. Carbon Black ContentThe carbon black content shall not exceed 4 percent of the tot
33、al PE compound weight. 6.1.5. Other MaterialsIt is permissible to use materials other than the cell classification in Section 6.1.1 as part of the welding processes, provided these materials have higher cell classifications in one or more properties and in no way compromise the performance of the pi
34、pe products in the intended use. 6.1.6. Rework PlasticsIn lieu of virgin PE, it is permissible to use clean reworked plastic generated from the manufacturers own pipe production, provided that it meets the cell class requirements as described in Section 6.1.1. 6.2. Steel Materials: 6.2.1. Steel Mate
35、rialThe steel material shall be cold- or hot-rolled, formable steel meeting the requirements of ASTM A653/A653M and the mechanical requirements for strength in Table 4 of ASTM A653/A653M for the grade defined by the manufacturer as required for their pipes design. 2018 by the American Association of
36、 State Highway and Transportation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-4b M 335-5 AASHTO The steel shall have a galvanized coating. All steel materials shall be galvanized per the requirements of ASTM A653/A653M with a G60 minimum coating weight. Note 2The
37、actual strength of the steel and the rib dimensions are dependent on the manufacturers design. If requested by the purchaser, the manufacturer shall provide before purchase and delivery their pipe design and certify with delivery that the grade of steel and rib dimensions in the pipe supplied confor
38、m to their design. 6.2.2. GasketsElastomeric gaskets shall meet the requirements of ASTM F477. 6.2.3. Industrial SealantSealants, such as moisture cure urethane or asphalt-based sealant materials used for repairs or assembly of the internal coupling joint, as recommended by the manufacturer, may be
39、used. 7. REQUIREMENTS 7.1. WorkmanshipThe pipe and fittings shall be free of foreign inclusions and visible defects as defined herein. Visible defects shall not affect the wall integrity or the encapsulation of the steel reinforcement. The steel reinforcing materials shall not be exposed. 7.2. Visib
40、le DefectsCracks, creases, delamination, and unpigmented or nonuniformly pigmented pipe that are visible by the unaided eye are not permissible in the pipe or fittings. 7.3. There shall be no evidence of cracking or delamination when tested in accordance with Section 9.2. 7.4. Pipe Dimensions and To
41、lerances: 7.4.1. Inside DiameterThe tolerance on the inside diameter shall be 2.0 percent, when measured in accordance with Section 9.8.1. Pipe dimensions (for both perforated and nonperforated pipe) shall comply with Table 1. 7.4.1.1. Other diameters that are within the range of pipe sizes shown in
42、 Table 1 are permissible. The minimum wall thickness and other properties shall be interpolated from the adjacent values given in Table 1. Table 1Nominal Pipe Sizes, Inside Diameters, and Minimum Waterway Wall Thicknesses Nominal Pipe Size, mm (in.) Inside Diameter, mm in.aMinimum Waterway Wall Thic
43、kness, t1, mm in. Minimum Encapsulation Thickness (Bottom), t2, mm in. 300 (12) 300 11.81 1.1 0.043 0.9 0.035 375 (15) 375 14.76 1.2 0.047 1.0 0.039 450 (18) 450 17.72 1.3 0.051 1.3 0.051 600 (24) 600 23.62 1.5 0.059 1.5 0.059 750 (30) 750 29.53 1.5 0.059 1.5 0.059 900 (36) 900 35.43 1.7 0.067 1.7 0
44、.067 1050 (42) 1050 41.34 1.8 0.071 1.8 0.071 1200 (48) 1200 47.24 1.8 0.071 1.8 0.071 1350 (54) 1350 53.15 2.0 0.079 2.0 0.079 1500 (60) 1500 59.06 2.0 0.079 2.0 0.079 aConversions of SI units to U.S. Customary units in this table are “soft” conversions; i.e., the metric measurement is mathematical
45、ly converted to its exact (or nearly exact) equivalent in inch-pound measurement. 2018 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-4b M 335-6 AASHTO 7.4.2. Waterway WallMinimum waterway wall thickness
46、 shall be as required in Table 1 when measured in accordance with Section 9.8.2. 7.4.3. LengthThe pipe shall be sold in any length agreeable to the user. Length shall not be less than 99 percent of the specified length, when measured in accordance with Section 9.8.3. 7.4.4. Encapsulation ThicknessTh
47、e minimum thickness of the HDPE encapsulation at the sides, top (outside), and bottom (inside) of the reinforcement shall be as shown in Figure 2. Factory cut pipe ends shall have the cut rib ends encapsulated to meet the requirements of Figure 2 for the top (outside) of the ribs. Encapsulation thic
48、knesses shall be measured in accordance with Section 9.8.4. Figure 2Schematic Representation of Steel-Reinforced Thermoplastic Pipe Profile 7.5. PerforationsWhen perforated pipe is specified, the perforations shall be cleanly cut and uniformly spaced along the length and circumference of the pipe. C
49、ircular perforations shall be a minimum of 5 mm (0.2 in.) and shall not exceed 10 mm (0.4 in.) in diameter. The water inlet area shall be a minimum of 30 cm2/m (1.5 in.2/ft) for pipe sizes 300 to 450 mm (12 to 18 in.) and 40 cm2/m (2.0 in.2/ft) for pipe sizes larger than 450 mm (18 in.). All measurements shall be made in accordance with Section 9.8.5. The perforations shall be cleanly cut so as not to restrict the inflow of water. Pipe c
