1、Standard Specification for Nonreinforced Concrete Sewer, Storm Drain, and Culvert Pipe AASHTO Designation: M 86M/M 86-171Technical Section: 4a, Rigid Pipe Release: Group 2 (June 2017) ASTM Designation: C14M-15a and C14-15a American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials 444 North
2、Capitol Street N.W., Suite 249 Washington, D.C. 20001TS-4a M 86M/M 86-1 AASHTO Standard Specification for Nonreinforced Concrete Sewer, Storm Drain, and Culvert Pipe AASHTO Designation: M 86M/M 86-171Technical Section: 4a, Rigid Pipe Release: Group 2 (June 2017) ASTM Designation: C14M-15a and C14-15
3、a 1. SCOPE 1.1. This specification covers nonreinforced concrete pipe intended to be used for the conveyance of sewage, industrial wastes, storm water, and for the construction of culverts. 1.2. This specification is applicable for orders in either SI units (M 86M) or in inch-pound units (M 86). SI
4、units and inch-pound units are not necessarily equivalent. Inch-pound units are shown in brackets in the text for clarity, but they are the applicable values when the material is ordered to M 86. Note 1This specification is a manufacturing and purchasing specification only and does not include requi
5、rements for bedding, backfill, or the relationship between field load conditions and the strength classification of pipe. However, experience has shown that the successful performance of this product depends on the proper selection of the class of pipe, type of bedding and backfill, and care that th
6、e installation conforms to the construction specifications. Owners are cautioned that they must correlate the field requirements with the class of pipe specified and provide for or require inspection at the construction site. 2. REFERENCED DOCUMENTS 2.1. AASHTO Standards: M 6, Fine Aggregate for Hyd
7、raulic Cement Concrete M 80, Coarse Aggregate for Hydraulic Cement Concrete M 85, Portland Cement M 157, Ready-Mixed Concrete M 194M/M 194, Chemical Admixtures for Concrete M 240M/M 240, Blended Hydraulic Cement M 262, Concrete Pipe and Related Products M 295, Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natura
8、l Pozzolan for Use in Concrete M 302, Slag Cement for Use in Concrete and Mortars T 280, Concrete Pipe, Manhole Sections, or Tile 2017 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-4a M 86M/M 86-2 AASHTO
9、 2.2. ASTM Standards: C309-03, Standard Specification for Liquid Membrane-Forming Compounds for Curing Concrete C989/C989M, Standard Specification for Slag Cement for Use in Concrete and Mortars C990-09, Standard Specification for Joints for Concrete Pipe, Manholes, and Precast Box Sections Using Pr
10、eformed Flexible Joint Sealants C1116/C1116M, Standard Specification for Fiber-Reinforced Concrete 3. TERMINOLOGY 3.1. DefinitionsFor definitions of terms relating to concrete pipe, see M 262. 4. CLASSIFICATION 4.1. Pipe manufactured according to this specification shall be of three classes identifi
11、ed as “Class 1 Nonreinforced Concrete Pipe,” “Class 2 Nonreinforced Concrete Pipe,” and “Class 3 Nonreinforced Concrete Pipe.” The corresponding strength requirements are prescribed in Table 1. Table 1Physical and Dimensional Requirements for Nonreinforced Concrete Pipea Class 1 Class 2 Class 3 Inte
12、rnal Designated Diameter Minimum Thickness of Wall Minimum Strength, Three-Edge Bearing Minimum Thickness of Wall Minimum Strength, Three-Edge Bearing Minimum Thickness of Wall Minimum Strength, Three-Edge Bearing mm in. mm in. kN/ linear m lbf/ linear ft mm in. kN/ linear m lbf/ linear ft mm in. kN
13、/ linear m lbf/ linear ft 100 4 16 5/8 22.0 1500 19 3/429.0 2000 19 3/435.0 2400 150 6 16 5/8 22.0 1500 19 3/429.0 2000 22 7/835.0 2400 200 8 19 3/422.0 1500 22 7/829.0 2000 29 11/835.0 2400 250 10 22 7/823.5 1600 25 1 29.0 2000 32 11/435.0 2400 300 12 25 1 26.5 1800 35 13/833.0 2250 44 13/438.0 260
14、0 375 15 32 11/429.0 2000 41 15/838.0 2600 47 17/842.0 2900 450 18 38 11/232.0 2200 50 2 44.0 3000 57 21/448.0 3300 525 21 44 13/435.0 2400 57 21/448.0 3300 69 23/456.0 3850 600 24 54 21/838.0 2600 75 3 52.5 3600 85 33/864.0 4400 675 27 82 31/441.0 2800 94 33/457.5 3950 94 33/467.0 4600 750 30 88 31
15、/244.0 3000 107 41/463.0 4300 107 41/469.5 4750 825 33 94 33/446.0 3150 113 41/264.0 4400 113 41/271.0 4875 900 36 100 4 48.0 3300 119 43/465.5 4500 119 43/473.0 5000 a Subject to tolerance in Section 11. 5. BASIS OF ACCEPTANCE 5.1. The acceptability of the pipe shall be determined by the results of
16、 the test prescribed in this section, when required, and by inspection to determine whether the pipe conform to this specification as to design and freedom from defects. 2017 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of
17、applicable law.TS-4a M 86M/M 86-3 AASHTO 5.2. Acceptance as to Strength PropertiesPipe shall be acceptable under the strength tests when they have met the requirements as prescribed in Section 10.3. 5.3. Acceptance as to Absorption PropertiesPipe shall be acceptable under the absorption test when th
18、ey have met the requirements as prescribed in Section 10.4. 5.4. Acceptance as to Permeability PropertiesPipe shall be acceptable under the permeability test when they have met the requirements as prescribed in Section 10.5. Note 2Prior to purchase, the owner has the option to specify the hydrostati
19、c test prescribed in Section 10.6 instead of the permeability test. 5.5. Acceptance as to Hydrostatic PropertiesPipe shall be acceptable under the hydrostatic test when they have met the requirements as prescribed in Section 10.6. 6. MATERIALS 6.1. ConcreteThe concrete shall consist of cementitious
20、materials, mineral aggregates, and water. 6.2. Cementitious Materials: 6.2.1. CementCement shall conform to the requirements for portland cement of M 85 or shall be portland blast-furnace slag cement or slag modified portland cement, or portland-pozzolan cement conforming to the requirements of M 24
21、0M/M 240, except that the pozzolan constituent in the Type IP portland-pozzolan cement shall be fly ash. 6.2.2. Fly AshFly ash shall conform to the requirements of M 295, Class F or Class C. 6.2.3. Ground Granulated Blast-Furnace Slag (GGBFS)GGBFS shall conform to the requirements of Grade 100 or 12
22、0 of ASTM C989/C989M. 6.2.4. Allowable Combinations of Cementitious MaterialsThe combination of cementitious materials used in the concrete shall be one of the following: 6.2.4.1. Portland cement only, 6.2.4.2. Portland blast-furnace slag cement only, 6.2.4.3. Slag modified portland cement only, 6.2
23、.4.4. Portland-pozzolan cement only, or 6.2.4.5. A combination of portland cement and fly ash. 6.2.4.6. A combination of portland cement and ground granulated blast-furnace slag, or 6.2.4.7. A combination of portland cement, fly ash (not to exceed 25 percent of the total cementitious weight), and gr
24、ound granulated blast-furnace slag (not to exceed 25 percent of the total cementitious weight). 6.3. AggregatesAggregates shall conform to M 6 and M 80, except that the requirement for gradation shall not apply. 6.4. Admixtures and BlendsAdmixtures and blends shall conform to M 194M/M 194. 2017 by t
25、he American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-4a M 86M/M 86-4 AASHTO 6.5. Synthetic and Non-Synthetic FibersFibers are permitted, at the owners option, in concrete pipe as a nonstructural manufacturing mater
26、ial. Synthetic fibers (Type II and Type III) and Non-Synthetic fiber (Type I) designed and manufactured specifically for use in concrete and conforming to the requirements of ASTM C1116/C1116M shall be accepted. 6.6. WaterMix water shall conform with M 157, Section 4.1.4, with a maximum limit of 0.1
27、5 percent chloride. 7. DESIGN 7.1. Design TablesDesign requirements shall be in accordance with Table 1. Wall thickness used shall be not less than the value shown, except as affected by the tolerance herein specified and by the provision for modified design. 7.2. Modified or Special DesignManufactu
28、rers shall submit to the owner for approval, prior to manufacture, wall thicknesses other than those shown in Table 1. Such pipe shall meet all of the physical requirements listed in Section 10 that are specified by the owner. 8. JOINTS 8.1. The joints shall be of such design and the ends of the con
29、crete pipe sections so formed that the pipe can be laid together to make a continuous line of pipe compatible with the permissible variations given in Section 11. 9. MANUFACTURE 9.1. MixtureThe aggregates shall be sized, graded, proportioned, and mixed with such proportions of cementitious materials
30、 and water as will produce a homogeneous concrete mixture of such quality that the pipe will conform to the test and design requirements of this specification. All concrete shall have a water-cementitious materials ratio not exceeding 0.53 by mass. Cementitious materials shall be as specified in Sec
31、tion 6.2 and shall be added to the mix in a proportion not less than 280 kg/m3470 lb/yd3 unless mix designs with a lower cementitious materials content demonstrate that the quality and performance of the pipe meet the requirements of this specification. 9.2. CuringPipe shall be subjected to any one
32、of the methods of curing described in Sections 9.2.1 through 9.2.4 or to any other method or combination of methods approved by the owner that will give satisfactory results. The pipe shall be adequately cured to obtain the strength properties as described in Section 5.2. 9.2.1. Steam CuringPipe sha
33、ll be placed in a curing chamber, free from outside drafts, and cured in a moist atmosphere maintained by the injection of steam for such time and such temperature as needed to enable the pipe to meet the strength requirements. The curing chamber shall be so constructed as to allow full circulation
34、of steam around the entire pipe. 9.2.2. Water CuringConcrete pipe shall be water cured by covering with water-saturated material or by a system of perforated pipes, mechanical sprinklers, porous hose, or by any other approved method that will keep the pipe moist during the specified curing period. 9
35、.2.3. The manufacturer is not prohibited from combining the methods described in Sections 9.2.1 and 9.2.2 provided the specified strength is attained. 2017 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-4
36、a M 86M/M 86-5 AASHTO 9.2.4. Membrane CuringA sealing membrane conforming to the requirements of ASTM C309-03 is not prohibited from being applied and left intact until the specified strength requirements are met. The concrete at the time of application shall be within 6C 10F of the atmospheric temp
37、erature. All surfaces shall be kept moist prior to the application of the compounds and shall be damp when the compound is applied. 9.3. Specials: 9.3.1. General RequirementsSpecial shapes or fittings such as wyes, tees, bends, and adapters for use with concrete pipe conforming to this specification
38、 shall conform to the applicable requirements for concrete pipe of corresponding class and internal diameter. Joints shall be compatible with those used in adjoining concrete pipes. 9.3.2. Fabricated BranchesFabricated branches for wyes and tees shall be securely attached to the wall of the pipe in
39、such a manner as not to restrict or otherwise interfere with the flow characteristics of the pipe. 10. PHYSICAL REQUIREMENTS 10.1. Test SpecimenThe specified number of pipe required for the tests shall be furnished by the manufacturer and shall be selected at random by the owner, and shall be pipe t
40、hat would not otherwise be rejected under this specification. The selection shall be made at the point or points designated by the owner when placing the order. The test pipe shall first be freed from all visible moisture. When dry, each pipe shall be measured and inspected. The results of these obs
41、ervations shall be recorded. 10.2. Number and Type of Test Specimens RequiredThe manufacturer shall furnish pipe for crushing and absorption tests, up to 0.5 percent of the number of pipes of each size included in the order, except that in no case shall fewer than two pipes be furnished. For the per
42、meability test, 2 percent of the number of pipes of each size included in the order, but in no case fewer than two pipes, shall be furnished. For the hydrostatic test, 0.5 percent of the number of pipes of each size included in the order, but in no case fewer than two pipes, shall be furnished. 10.3
43、. External Load Crushing RequirementThe crushing strength of nonreinforced concrete pipe shall conform to the requirements prescribed in Table 1. The individual results of the various tests for each size of pipe and for each shipment and plant shall be tabulated separately. The crushing strength sha
44、ll ordinarily be applied to not less than 75 percent of the pipe received for purpose of test. All tests shall be made in accordance with T 280. Pipe shall be acceptable when all test pipe conform to the specified requirement. Should any of the test pipe provided in Section 10.2 fail to meet the str
45、ength requirement, the manufacturer will be allowed to test two pipes for each pipe that failed, and the pipe shall be acceptable only when all of these additional test pipes meet the strength requirement. 10.4. Absorption RequirementWhen required by the owner, absorption shall be determined by the
46、boiling absorption test and shall not exceed 9 percent. The individual results of the various tests for each size of pipe for each shipment and plant shall be tabulated separately. All tests shall be made in accordance with T 280. The number of absorption test specimens shall be equal to the number
47、of pipe provided for crushing strength testing. These specimens shall be obtained from pipe that are acceptable as to strength, and shall be taken from pipe used in making the strength test after the test is made. These specimens shall be marked with the number or identification mark of the pipe fro
48、m which they were taken. Each specimen shall have an area of 77 12 to 129 cm2 20 in.2, as measured on one surface of the pipe, and a thickness equal to the pipe wall, and shall be free of visible cracks. Pipe shall be acceptable when all test pipe conform to the specified absorption requirement. 201
49、7 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-4a M 86M/M 86-6 AASHTO 10.5. Permeability RequirementWhen subjected to the permeability test as specified in T 280, the outer pipe surface of not less than 80 percent of the pipe tested shall show no moist or damp spots at the end of the test period due to water passing through the walls of the pipe. 10.6. Hydrostatic RequirementWhen subjected to t
