1、Manual forAssessingSafetyHardwareAmerican Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials2009444 N Capitol St. NW Ste. 249Washington, DC 20001MASH1ISBN: 9781560514169www.transportation.orgManual forAssessingSafetyHardwareAmerican Association of State Highway ican Association of State Highw
2、and Transportation Officials2009 2009 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.ii | Manual for Assessing Safety Hardware 2009, by American Association of State Highway and Transportation Offi cials. Al
3、l rights reserved. This book, or parts thereof, may not be reproduced in any form without written permission of the publisher. Printed in the United States of America.Publication Code: MASH-1ISBN: 978-1-56051-416-9 2009 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All ri
4、ghts reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.| iiiAMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF STATE HIGHWAY AND TRANSPORTATION OFFICIALSEXECUTIVE COMMITTEE20082009President: Allen D. Biehler, P.E., PennsylvaniaVice President: Larry L. “Butch” Brown, MississippiSecretary/Treasurer: Carlos Braceras, UtahRe
5、gional RepresentativesREGION I Carolann D. Wicks, Delaware, One-Year TermJoseph Marie, Connecticut, Two-Year Term REGION II Larry L. “Butch” Brown, Mississippi, One-Year TermDan Flowers, Arkansas, Two-Year Term REGION III Kirk T. Steudle, P.E., Michigan, One-Year TermNancy J. Richardson, Iowa, Two-Y
6、ear Term REGION IV (Vacant), One-Year TermPaula Hammond, Washington, Two-Year Term Non-Voting MembersImmediate Past President: Pete K. Rahn, MissouriExecutive Director: John Horsley, Washington, DC 2009 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Du
7、plication is a violation of applicable law.iv | Manual for Assessing Safety HardwareALABAMA, Steven E. Walker, Rex Bush, William AdamsALASKA, Mark Neidhold, Robert CampbellARIZONA, Mary ViparinaARKANSAS, Phillip L. McConnell, Charles D. ClementsCALIFORNIA, Terry L. AbbottCOLORADO, Tim AschenbrenerCO
8、NNECTICUT, James H. Norman, Michael W. LonerganDELAWARE, Michael H. Simmons, Michael F. Balbierer, James M. Satterfi eldDISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, Zahra Dorriz, Allen Miller, Said Cherifi FLORIDA, James Mills, David OHagan, Lora B. HollingsworthGEORGIA, James “Ben” Buchan, Brent StoryHAWAII, Julius Frond
9、aIDAHO, Loren D. Thomas, Nestor FernandezILLINOIS, Charles J. IngersollINDIANA, Gary Mroczka, Jeff Clanton, Merril E. DoughertyIOWA, Michael J. Kennerly, David L. Little, Deanna Maifi eldKANSAS, James O. Brewer, Lamonte C. ArmstrongKENTUCKY, David Kratt, Robert D. Martin, Jeff D. JasperLOUISIANA, Ll
10、oyd E. Porta, Nicholas KalivodaMAINE, Todd PelletierMARYLAND, Kirk G. McClellandMASSACHUSETTS, Stanley WoodMICHIGAN, Mark A. Van Port FleetMINNESOTA, Mukhtar ThakurMISSISSIPPI, John M. Reese, C. Keith Purvis, Amy MoodMISSOURI, David B. Nichols, Kathryn P. HarveyMONTANA, Paul R. Ferry, Lesly Tribelho
11、rnNEBRASKA, James J. Knott, Ted WatsonNEVADA, Paul K. Sinnott, Daryl N. JamesNEW HAMPSHIRE, Craig A. GreenNEW JERSEY, Brian J. Strizki, Richard W. Dunne, Richard JaffeNEW MEXICO, Joe S. Garcia, Gabriela Contreras-ApodacaNEW YORK, Daniel DAngelo, Richard W. LeeNORTH CAROLINA, Deborah M. Barbour, Jay
12、A. Bennett, Art McMillanNORTH DAKOTA, Mark Gaydos, Roger WeigelOHIO, Timothy McDonald, Dirk GrossOKLAHOMA, Tim TegelerOREGON, David Joe Polly, Steven R. LindlandPENNSYLVANIA, Brian D. HarePUERTO RICO, Luis Santos, Jos E. Santana-PimentelRHODE ISLAND, VacantSOUTH CAROLINA, John V. Walsh, Mark Lester,
13、 Matt LifseySOUTH DAKOTA, Mark A. Leiferman, Michael BehmTENNESSEE, Jeff C. Jones, Michael AgnewTEXAS, Mark A. MarekU.S. DOT, Rick Marinelli (FAA)UTAH, James C. McMinimee, Michael Fazio, Jesse SweetenVERMONT, Kevin MarshiaVIRGINIA, Mohammad Mirshahi, Barton A. Thrasher, Robert H. CaryWASHINGTON, Pas
14、co Bakotich, Nancy Boyd, Dave OlsonWEST VIRGINIA, Jason C. Foster, Gregory BaileyWISCONSIN, Jerry H. ZoggWYOMING, Paul P. Bercich, Tony LairdALBERTA, Moh LaliBRITISH COLUMBIA, Richard VoyerONTARIO, Joe BucikSASKATCHEWAN, Sukhy KentKOREA, Chan-Su “Chris” ReemNJ TURNPIKE AUTHORITY, J. Lawrence William
15、sPORT AUTHORITY OF NY AND NJ, Scott D. MurrellU.S.DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREFOREST SERVICE, Ellen G. LaFayetteHIGHWAYS SUBCOMMITTEE ON DESIGN2008Carolann D. Wicks, Delaware, ChairRichard Land, California, Vice ChairDwight A. Horne, FHWA, SecretaryJim McDonnell, AASHTO Liaison 2009 by the American Ass
16、ociation of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.| vALABAMA, John F. Black, William F. Conway, George H. ConnerALASKA, Richard A. PrattARIZONA, Jean A. NehmeARKANSAS, Phil BrandCALIFORNIA, Kevin Thompson, Susan Hida, Barton J. N
17、ewtonCOLORADO, Mark A. Leonard, Michael G. SalamonCONNECTICUT, Gary J. Abramowicz, Julie F. GeorgesDELAWARE, Jiten K. Soneji, Barry A. BentonDISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, Nicolas Glados, L. Donald Cooney, Konjit “Connie” EskenderFLORIDA, Robert V. Robertson, Jr., Marcus Ansley, Andre PavlovGEORGIA, Paul V.
18、Liles, Jr., Brian SummersHAWAII, Paul T. SantoIDAHO, Matthew M. FarrarILLINOIS, Ralph E. Anderson, Thomas J. DomagalskiINDIANA, Anne M. RearickIOWA, Norman L. McDonaldKANSAS, Kenneth F. Hurst, James J. Brennan, Loren R. RischKENTUCKY, Allen FrankLOUISIANA, Hossein Ghara, Arthur DAndrea, Paul Fossier
19、MAINE, David Sherlock, Jeffrey S. FolsomMARYLAND, Earle S. Freedman, Robert J. HealyMASSACHUSETTS, Alexander K. BardowMICHIGAN, Steven P. Beck, David JuntunenMINNESOTA, Daniel L. Dorgan, Kevin WesternMISSISSIPPI, Mitchell K. Carr, B. Keith CarrMISSOURI, Dennis Heckman, Michael HarmsMONTANA, Kent M.
20、BarnesNEBRASKA, Lyman D. Freemon, Mark Ahlman, Hussam “Sam” FallahaNEVADA, Mark P. Elicegui, Marc Grunert, Todd StefonowiczNEW HAMPSHIRE, Mark W. Richardson, David L. ScottNEW JERSEY, Richard W. DunneNEW MEXICO, Jimmy D. CampNEW YORK, George A. Christian, Donald F. Dwyer, Arthur P. YannottiNORTH CAR
21、OLINA, Greg R. PerfettiNORTH DAKOTA, Terrence R. UdlandOHIO, Timothy J. Keller, Jawdat SiddiqiOKLAHOMA, Robert J. Rusch, Gregory D. AllenOREGON, Bruce V. Johnson, Hormoz SeradjPENNSYLVANIA, Thomas P. Macioce, Harold C. “Hal” Rogers, Jr., Lou RuzziPUERTO RICO, Jaime CabrRHODE ISLAND, David FishSOUTH
22、CAROLINA, Barry W. Bowers, Jeff SizemoreSOUTH DAKOTA, Kevin GoedenTENNESSEE, Edward P. WassermanTEXAS, William R. Cox, David P. HohmannU.S. DOT, M. Myint Lwin, Firas I. Sheikh Ibrahim, Hala ElgaalyUTAH, Richard MillerVERMONT, William Michael HedgesVIRGINIA, Malcolm T. Kerley, Kendal Walus, Prasad L.
23、 Nallapaneni, Julius F. J. Volgyi, Jr.WASHINGTON, Jugesh Kapur, Tony M. Allen, Bijan KhaleghiWEST VIRGINIA, Gregory BaileyWISCONSIN, Scot Becker, Beth A. Cannestra, Finn HubbardWYOMING, Gregg C. Fredrick, Keith R. FultonALBERTA, Tom LooNEW BRUNSWICK, Doug Noble NOVA SCOTIA, Mark PertusONTARIO, Bala
24、Tharmabala SASKATCHEWAN, Howard Yea GOLDEN GATE BRIDGE, Kary H. Witt NJ TURNPIKE AUTHORITY, Richard J. RaczynskiNY STATE BRIDGE AUTHORITY, William J. MoreauPENNSYLVANIA TURNPIKE COMMISSION, Gary L. GrahamSURFACE DEPLOYMENT AND DISTRIBUTION COMMANDTRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AGENCY, Robert D. FranzU.S
25、. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERSDEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY, Paul C. T. TanU.S. COAST GUARD, Nick E. Mpras, Jacob PatnaikU.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREFOREST SERVICE, John R. KattelHIGHWAYS SUBCOMMITTEE ON BRIDGES AND STRUCTURES2008Malcolm T. Kerley, Virginia, ChairKevin Thompson, California, Vice ChairM. Myint
26、 Lwin, FHWA, SecretaryFiras I. Sheikh Ibrahim, FHWA, Assistant SecretaryKelley Rehm, AASHTO Liaison 2009 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.vi | Manual for Assessing Safety HardwareRepresentative
27、s from the Subcommittee on DesignDrew A. Boyce, DelawareTeri Soos, MarylandRichard D. Wilder, New YorkBen Buchan, GeorgiaSteven W. Reeves, MississippiPaul Fossier, LouisianaDavid Little, IowaRod Lacy, KansasJoseph G. Jones, MissouriDean A. Focke, OhioDamon Allen, IdahoBernie Clocksin, South DakotaAu
28、rora (Rory) Meza, TexasRichard Albin, WashingtonRepresentatives from the Subcommittee on Bridges and StructuresJiten K. Soneji, DelawareGregg C. Fredrick, WyomingMembers from the U.S. Department of Transportation Mary L. McDonough, FHWAFrank Julian, FHWAKenneth Opiela, FHWAAssociate MemberInternatio
29、nalMark Ayton, OntarioAssociate MemberOtherCharles W. Niessner, TRBTECHNICAL COMMITTEE ON ROADSIDE SAFETY2008Keith A. Cota, New Hampshire, ChairSteven Walker, Alabama, Vice ChairNicholas Artimovich, II, FHWA, SecretaryJim McDonnell, AASHTO Liaison 2009 by the American Association of State Highway an
30、d Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.| viiPREFACEEffective traffi c barrier systems, end treatments, crash cushions, breakaway devices, truck-mounted attenuators, and other hardware are used to achieve the highest levels of highway safety. New
31、systems are continually emerging to address safety problems, and traditional devices and practices for their use are being improved in response to an increased understanding of safety performance, a changing vehicle fl eet, the emergence of new materials, and other factors. Full-scale crash testing
32、has been and will continue to be the most common method of evaluating the impact performance of safety hard-ware. Because many agencies conduct such tests, there is a need for uniformity in the procedures and criteria used to evaluate traffi c barriers and other roadside safety features. Procedures
33、for full-scale vehicle crash testing of guardrails were fi rst published in the Transportation Research Board (TRB) Highway Research Correlation Services Circular 482 in 1962. This one-page document specifi ed vehicle mass, impact speed, and approach angle for the crash tests. In 1974, the National
34、Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 153: Recommended Procedures for Vehicle Crash Testing of Highway Appurtenances was published to address questions that were not covered in Circular 482. This 16-page document provided a more complete set of testing proce-dures. Transportation Resea
35、rch Circular 191, published in 1978, addressed minor changes needed to address particular problem areas in NCHRP Report 153. In 1980, National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 230: Recommended Procedures for the Safety Performance Evaluation of Highway Safety Appurtenances was pub
36、lished to broaden the scope of NCHRP Report 153. This 36-page document incorporated new procedures, updated the evaluation criteria, and brought the procedures up to date with available technology and practices. This document served as the primary reference for full-scale crash testing of highway sa
37、fety appurtenances in the U.S. and in many other parts of the world.During the subsequent decade, the evolution of roadside safety concepts, technology, and practices necessitated an update to NCHRP Report 230. Reasons included signifi cant changes in the vehicle fl eet, the emergence of new barrier
38、 designs, increased interest in matching safety performance to levels of roadway utilization, and advances in computer simulation and other evaluation methods. The resulting document, National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 350: Recommended Procedures for the Safety Performance
39、Evaluation of Highway Features, was published in 1993. The AASHTO Manual for Assessing Safety Hardware (MASH), 2009, is an update to and supersedes NCHRP Report 350 for the purposes of evaluating new safety hardware devices. This publication marks the fi rst time that AASHTO has offi cially adopted
40、crash-testing procedures for use in assessing roadside hardware. Previous editions were published as research reports from TRB and NCHRP. In addition, it should be noted that MASH does not supersede any guidelines for the design of roadside safety hardware, which are contained within the AASHTO Road
41、side Design Guide. 2009 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.viii | Manual for Assessing Safety HardwareMASH was developed through NCHRP Project 22-14(02), “Improvement of Procedures for the Safety
42、-Performance Evaluation of Roadside Features,” and contains revised criteria for impact per-formance evaluation of virtually all highway safety features. Updates to MASH include increases in the size of several test vehicles to better match the current vehicle fl eet, changes to the number and impac
43、t conditions of the test matrices, and more objective, quantitative evaluation criteria.An implementation plan for MASH that was adopted jointly by AASHTO and FHWA states that all highway safety hardware accepted prior to the adoption of MASH using criteria contained in NCHRP Report 350 may remain i
44、n place and may continue to be manufactured and installed. In addition, highway safety hardware accepted using NCHRP Report 350 criteria is not required to be retested using MASH criteria. However, new highway safety hardware not previously evaluated must utilize MASH for testing and evaluation. 200
45、9 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.| ixTABLE OF CONTENTSChapter 1Introduction .11.1 PURPOSE AND SCOPE .11.2 UNDERLYING PHILOSOPHY 21.3 PERFORMANCE LIMITATIONS 31.4 SAFETY FEATURES 41.5 TEST LEV
46、ELS 51.6 INTERNATIONAL HARMONIZATION .61.7 ANALYTICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL TOOLS 61.8 ORGANIZATION OF REPORT .7Chapter 2Test Matrices and Conditions .92.1 GENERAL .92.1.1 Impact Conditions 92.1.2 Tolerances on Impact Conditions 112.1.3 Safety Feature Orientation 132.2 TEST MATRICES .132.2.1 Longitudinal
47、 Barriers 132.2.1.1 General 132.2.1.2 Description of Tests .132.2.2 Terminals and Crash Cushions .162.2.2.1 General 162.2.2.2 Description of Tests .242.2.2.3 Other Terminals and Crash Cushion Systems .262.2.3 Truck- and Trailer-Mounted Attenuators and Variable Message Sign and Arrow Board Trailers27
48、2.2.3.1 General 272.2.3.2 Description of Tests .302.2.4 Support Structures, Work-Zone Traffi c Control Devices, Breakaway Utility Poles, and Longitudinal Channelizers 302.2.4.1 General .302.2.4.2 Description of Tests .342.2.5 Roadside Geometric Features and Pavement Discontinuities .352.3 IMPACT POI
49、NT FOR REDIRECTIVE DEVICES .372.3.1 General .372.3.2 Longitudinal Barriers .372.3.2.1 Tests with 1100C and 2270P Vehicles 382.3.2.2 Tests with 10000S, 36000V, and 36000T Vehicles .522.3.3 Terminals and Redirective Crash Cushions 522.3.3.1 Test 34 .522.3.3.2 Test 36 532.3.3.3 Test 37 .532.3.3.4 Test 44 .542.4 SIDE IMPACT .54Chapter 3Test Installation . 573.1 GENERAL .573.2 TESTING SITE573.3 SOIL .583.3.1 Standard Soil 583.3.2 Soil Strength .583.3.3 Special Soils .623.3.4 Embedment of Test Article .623.3.5 Special Structures .633.4 TEST ARTICLE .633.4.1 General .
