1、the Manualfor BridgeEvaluationSecond Edition2011 American Association of State Highway and Transportation OfficialsISBN: 978-1-56051-635-4Pub Code: MBE-2-I52016Interim Revisions to 2015 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a vi
2、olation of applicable law.ISBN: 978-1-56051-635-4 Pub Code: MBE-2-I5 444 North Capitol Street, NW Suite 249 Washington, DC 20001 202-624-5800 phone/202-624-5806 fax www.transportation.org 2015 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication
3、 is a violation of applicable law. 2015 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.2016 INTERIM REVISIONS TO THE MANUAL INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION FOR BRIDGE EVALUATION, SECOND EDITION iii INSTRUCTIONS
4、 AND INFORMATION General AASHTO has issued interim revisions to The Manual for Bridge Evaluation, Second Edition (2011). This packet contains the revised pages. They are not designed to replace the corresponding pages in the book but rather to be kept with the book for quick reference. Affected Arti
5、cles Underlined text indicates additions that were approved in 2015 by the AASHTO Highways Subcommittee on Bridges and Structures. Strikethrough text indicates any deletions that were likewise approved by the Subcommittee. A list of affected articles is included below. All interim pages are printed
6、on pink paper to make the changes stand out when inserted in the second edition binder. They also have a page header displaying the section number affected and the interim publication year. Please note that these pages may also contain non-technical (e.g., editorial) changes made by AASHTO publicati
7、ons staff; any changes of this type will not be marked so as not to distract the reader from the technical changes. Please note that in response to user concerns, page breaks, and blank pages are now being added within sections between non-contiguous articles. This change makes it an option to inser
8、t the changes closer to the affected articles. 2015 Changed Articles SECTION 4: INSPECTION PROCEDURES This section has been rewritten in its entirety. SECTION 6: LOAD RATING 6A.4.2.2 6A.4.4.2.1b 6B.7.1 6B.7.2-2 Appendix B6A 2015 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officia
9、ls.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.2016 INTERIM REVISIONS TO THE MANUAL SECTION 4: INSPECTION PROCEDURES FOR BRIDGE EVALUATION, SECOND EDITION 1 SECTION 4: INSPECTION PROCEDURES This Section has been rewritten in its entirety. For ease of reading, underlining has be
10、en omitted. Insert Section 4 Table of Contents as follows: 4.1INTRODUCTION 4.2PROVISIONS TO SUPPORT THE NBIS REQUIREMENTS 4.2.1Organization 4.2.2Qualifications of Personnel 4.2.3Inspection Types 4.2.3.1Initial Inspection 4.2.3.2Routine Inspection 4.2.3.3In-Depth Inspection 4.2.3.4Fracture-Critical M
11、ember Inspection 4.2.3.5Underwater Inspection 4.2.3.6Special Inspection 4.2.3.7Damage Inspection 4.2.4Inspection Intervals 4.2.4.1Initial Inspection Interval 4.2.4.2Routine Inspection Interval 4.2.4.3 In-Depth Inspection Interval 4.2.4.4 Fracture-Critical Member Inspection Interval 4.2.4.5Underwater
12、 Inspection Interval 4.2.4.6Special Inspection Interval 4.2.4.7Damage Inspection Interval 4.2.5Inspection Procedures 4.2.5.1General 4.2.5.2Initial Inspection Procedures 4.2.5.3Routine Inspection Procedures 4.2.5.4In-Depth Inspection Procedures 4.2.5.5Fracture-Critical Member Inspection Procedures 4.
13、2.5.6Underwater Inspection Procedures 4.2.5.7Special Inspection Procedures 4.2.5.8Damage Inspection Procedures 4.2.6Collection of Element Level Data 4.3NONREGULATORY INSPECTION PRACTICES 4.3.1General 4.3.2Safety 4.3.2.1Safety for Inspectors 4.3.2.2Public Safety 4.3.3Planning, Scheduling and Equipmen
14、t 4.3.3.1Planning 4.3.3.2Scheduling 4.3.3.3Equipment 4.3.3.3.1Access Methods and Equipment 4.3.3.3.2Inspection Methods and Equipment 4.3.4Inspection Forms and Reports 4.3.4.1Field Notebooks 4.3.4.2Reports 4.3.5Inspection Techniques 4.3.5.1Field Measurements 4.3.5.2Cleaning 4.3.5.3Condition Rating In
15、spection of Bridges 4.3.5.4Critical Inspection Findings 4.3.5.5Decks 2015 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.2016 INTERIM REVISIONS TO THE MANUAL SECTION 4: INSPECTION PROCEDURES FOR BRIDGE EVALU
16、ATION, SECOND EDITION 2 4.3.5.5.1Concrete Decks 4.3.5.5.2Prestressed Concrete Deck Panels 4.3.5.5.3Steel Decks 4.3.5.5.4Timber Decks 4.3.5.5.5Expansion Joints 4.3.5.5.6Railings, Sidewalks, and Curbs 4.3.5.5.7Drainage 4.3.5.5.8Lighting 4.3.5.5.9Deck Overlays 4.3.5.6Superstructure 4.3.5.6.1Steel Beams
17、, Girders, and Box Sections 4.3.5.6.2Reinforced Concrete Beams, Girders, and Box Sections 4.3.5.6.3Prestressed Concrete Beams, Girders, and Box Sections 4.3.5.6.4Timber Systems 4.3.5.6.5Floor Systems 4.3.5.6.6Trusses 4.3.5.6.7Cables 4.3.5.6.8Diaphragms and Cross-Frames 4.3.5.6.9Lateral Bracing, Port
18、als, and Sway Frames 4.3.5.6.10Rivets, Bolts, and Welded Connections 4.3.5.6.11Pins and Hangers 4.3.5.6.12Bearings 4.3.5.6.13Paint 4.3.5.6.14Utilities 4.3.5.6.15Arches 4.3.5.7Substructure 4.3.5.7.1Abutments 4.3.5.7.2Retaining Walls 4.3.5.7.3Piers and Bents 4.3.5.7.4Bridge Stability and Movements 4.3
19、.5.8Scour and Waterway Inspections 4.3.5.8.1Substructure/Culvert Scour Inspection 4.3.5.8.2Underwater Inspection 4.3.5.8.3Inspection of Waterways 4.3.5.8.4Channel Protection FeaturesDolphins and Fenders 4.3.5.9Box Culverts as Bridges 4.3.5.10Corrugated Metal Plate Structures 4.3.5.11Approaches 4.3.5
20、.11.1Approach Slabs 4.3.5.11.2Approach Pavement 4.3.5.11.3Drainage 4.3.5.11.4Traffic Safety Features 4.3.5.11.5Embankment Slopes 4.3.5.12Encroachments 4.3.5.13Signs 4.3.6Complex Bridge Inspections 4.3.6.1Movable Bridges 4.3.6.2Suspension Bridges 4.3.6.3Cable-Stayed Bridges 4.3.6.4Tied Arch Bridges 4
21、.3.6.5Prestressed Concrete Segmental Bridges 4.3.7Fatigue-Prone Details and Fracture-Critical Members 4.3.7.1Fatigue-Prone Details 4.3.7.2Fracture-Critical Members 4.3.8Data Collection for Load Rating 4.3.8.1Field Data Collection 4.3.8.2Observation under Traffic 4.3.8.3Loading Determination 4.4REFER
22、ENCES 2015 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.2016 INTERIM REVISIONS TO THE MANUAL SECTION 4: INSPECTION PROCEDURES FOR BRIDGE EVALUATION, SECOND EDITION 3 Insert new Section 4 as follows: 4.1INT
23、RODUCTION The first priority of a bridge inspection program is to ensure that bridges are safe for public travel. This requires that inspections be performed by properly trained personnel following proper, systematic inspection procedures to ensure quality and consistency of information across an en
24、tire network of bridges. The collection of accurate, detailed, and comprehensive information is required to operate and manage those bridges. This information is also used within a bridge management system to determine rates of deterioration and routine maintenance needs, as well as priorities of an
25、y necessary repairs or rehabilitation. This section assists the Bridge Owner in developing inspection procedures that directly relate to the requirements of 23 CFR 650 of the National Bridge Inspection Standards (NBIS) (Article 4.2), as well as supplemental inspection practices that Bridge Owners ma
26、y find useful (Article 4.3). 4.2PROVISIONS TO SUPPORT THE NBIS REQUIREMENTS Inspect all bridges, as defined in 23 CFR 650.305, located on public roads in accordance with coding guidance issued by the Federal Highway Administration and the following provisions of this Section. 4.2.1Bridge Inspection
27、Organization Ensure that the bridge inspection organization includes one program manager (typically within the state transportation department) who has the responsibility to ensure that all the publically owned bridges are inspected in accordance with the requirements of the NBIS. In addition, provi
28、de documentation for the roles and responsibilities for each of the following required sections of the NBIS: Policies and Procedures Quality Assurance and Quality Control Preparation and Maintenance of the Bridge Inventory Bridge Inspections and Reports Load Ratings The performance of each section l
29、isted above may be delegated to others, such as local Bridge Owners. Define in writing any delegations and include any possible actions that may be implemented if the delegated authority does not meet the requirements of the sections. 4.2.2Qualifications of Personnel Ensure that specific requirement
30、s listed in 23 CFR 650.309 for each of the following personnel are adhered to: Program Manager: The individual responsible for all bridge inspection activities, including reporting and maintaining an inventory. The program manager provides overall leadership and is available to inspection program st
31、aff to provide guidance. The program manager establishes consistent policies and practices for the state or federal agency. Inspection Team Leader: The individual in charge of an inspection team responsible for planning, preparing, and performing the on-site inspection of the bridge. Ensure that a q
32、ualified inspection team leader is at the bridge site at all times during each initial, routine, in-depth, fracture-critical member, and underwater inspection. Load Rating Manager: The individual responsible for the load ratings. The load rating manager establishes consistent methods, vehicles, etc.
33、 to be used and provides guidance as necessary. Underwater Bridge Inspection Diver: The individual performing the underwater inspection. The underwater bridge inspection diver may also be the inspection team leader if that person meets those requirements as well. In addition to the requirements in 2
34、3 CFR 650.309, document the bridge inspection training and qualifications of each of the above personnel and keep on file. Establish the following: 2015 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.2016 IN
35、TERIM REVISIONS TO THE MANUAL SECTION 4: INSPECTION PROCEDURES FOR BRIDGE EVALUATION, SECOND EDITION 4 Frequency and requirements of periodic bridge inspection refresher training. Training and/or experience requirements for inspectors when inspecting complex bridges. 4.2.3Inspection Types The types
36、of inspection required for each bridge vary depending on the type and condition of the bridge. For example, a bridge over deep water that has fracture-critical members will require routine, fracture-critical member, and underwater inspections. These may be performed all at the same time. Other types
37、 of bridges may only require a routine inspection. It is important to understand each type of inspection in order to ensure that they are applied as required. 4.2.3.1Initial Inspection An initial inspection, also referred to as an inventory inspection, is the first inspection of a new bridge or an e
38、xisting bridge after a major rehabilitation such as a deck replacement, superstructure replacement, or widening. This inspection serves to record required bridge inventory data, establish baseline conditions, and establish the timeline for other types of inspections normally required such as routine
39、, fracture-critical member, and underwater inspection. Thoroughly document the initial inspection, performed by persons meeting the required qualifications for each type of inspection. Include an analytical determination of load capacity, as well as a bridge scour evaluation for qualifying bridges o
40、ver water. The purpose of the initial inspection is two-fold. First, it is used to provide all National Bridge Inventory (NBI) and bridge element data required by federal and state regulations and all other relevant information normally collected by the Bridge Owner. Second is the determination of b
41、aseline structural conditions and the identification and listing of any existing problems or locations in the structure that may experience future problems. The inspection serves as the first routine inspection with provisions as described in Article 4.2.3.2. 4.2.3.2Routine Inspection Routine inspec
42、tions are regularly scheduled inspections consisting of observations for all elements of the bridge and measurements needed to determine the physical and functional condition of the bridge, to identify any changes from initial inspection or previously recorded conditions, and to ensure that the stru
43、cture continues to satisfy present safety requirements. Perform a routine inspection to satisfy the requirements of the National Bridge Inspection Standards (NBIS) with respect to maximum inspection frequency and updating of NBI and bridge element data. These inspections are generally conducted from
44、 the deck, from ground level and/or water level, and from permanent work platforms and walkways, if present. Inspection of underwater portions of the substructure is limited to observations during low-flow periods, and includes probing for evidence of substructure deterioration and undermining as ne
45、cessary. Special equipment, such as under-bridge inspection equipment, rigging, or staging, is necessary for routine inspection in circumstances where its use provides the only practical means of access. The areas of the structure to be closely monitored are those determined by previous inspections
46、or load rating calculations that are critical to the bridges load-carrying capacity, or both. If, during a routine inspection, there is an area of the structure that requires a closer, more detailed inspection to determine its impact on safety or load-carrying capacity (e.g., a crack in a steel memb
47、er), then perform and document an additional in-depth inspection of that area. 4.2.3.3In-Depth Inspection An in-depth inspection is a close-up, detailed inspection of one or more bridge components located above or below water, using visual or nondestructive techniques as required to identify any def
48、iciencies not readily detectable using routine inspection procedures. Provide traffic control and special equipment, such as under-bridge inspection equipment, staging, and workboats, as necessary to obtain access. Utilize personnel with special skills such as divers and riggers as may be required.
49、When appropriate or necessary to fully ascertain the existence of or the extent of any deficiencies, provide nondestructive field tests, other material tests, or both as may be necessary. Clearly identify specific portions of the bridge receiving an in-depth inspection in the report, as well as those procedures utilized during the inspection. Document the findings of in-depth inspections in as much detail as needed; these may be significantly mo
