1、 American Association of State Highway and Transportation Of cials444 North Capitol Street, NW Suite 249Washington, DC 20001202-624-5800 phone / 202-624-5806 faxwww.transportation.org 2011 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Of cials. All rights reserved. Duplication is a
2、 violation of applicable law.ISBN: 978-1-56051-496-1 Publication Code: MBE-2iii EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE 20102011 Voting Members Officers: President: Susan Martinovich, Nevada* Vice President: Kirk T. Steudle, Michigan* Secretary-Treasurer: Carlos Braceras, Utah Regional Representatives: REGION I: Gabe K
3、lein, District of Columbia, One-Year Term George Campbell, New Hampshire, Two-Year Term REGION II: Mike Hancock, Kentucky, One-Year Term H.B. “Buck” Limehouse, South Carolina, Two-Year Term REGION III: Thomas K. Sorel, Minnesota, One-Year Term Jolene Molitoris, Ohio, Two-Year Term REGION IV: Amadeo
4、Saenz, Jr., Texas, One-Year Term Francis Ziegler, North Dakota, Two-Year Term Nonvoting Members Immediate Past President: Larry L. “Butch” Brown, Mississippi AASHTO Executive Director: John Horsley, Washington, DC *Elected at the 2010 Annual Meeting in Biloxi, Mississippi 2011 by the American Associ
5、ation of State Highway and Transportation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.iv HIGHWAY SUBCOMMITTEE ON BRIDGES AND STRUCTURES, 2010 MALCOLM T. KERLEY, Chair KEVIN THOMPSON, Vice Chair M. MYINT LWIN, Federal Highway Administration, Secretary RAJ AILANEY, Fed
6、eral Highway Administration, Assistant Secretary KELLEY REHM, AASHTO Liaison KEN KOBETSKY, AASHTO Liaison ALABAMA, John F. “Buddy” Black, Eric J. Christie, William “Tim” Colquett ALASKA, Richard A. Pratt ARIZONA, Jean A. Nehme ARKANSAS, Phil Brand CALIFORNIA, Kevin Thompson, Susan Hida, Barton J. Ne
7、wton COLORADO, Mark A. Leonard, Michael G. Salamon CONNECTICUT, Julie F. Georges DELAWARE, Jiten K. Soneji, Barry A. Benton DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, Nicolas Glados, L. Donald Cooney, Konjit “Connie” Eskender FLORIDA, Marcus Ansley, Sam Fallaha, Jeff Pouliotte GEORGIA, Paul V. Liles, Jr. HAWAII, Paul T.
8、 Santo IDAHO, Matthew M. Farrar ILLINOIS, Ralph E. Anderson, Thomas J. Domagalski INDIANA, Anne M. Rearick IOWA, Norman L. McDonald KANSAS, Kenneth F. Hurst, James J. Brennan, Loren R. Risch KENTUCKY, Mark Hite, Marvin Wolfe LOUISIANA, Hossein Ghara, Arthur DAndrea, Paul Fossier MAINE, David Sherloc
9、k, Jeffrey S. Folsom MARYLAND, Earle S. Freedman, Robert J. Healy, Jeffrey L. Robert MASSACHUSETTS, Alexander K. Bardow, Shoukry Elnahal MICHIGAN, Steven P. Beck, David Juntunen MINNESOTA, Daniel L. Dorgan, Kevin Western MISSISSIPPI, Mitchell K. Carr, B. Keith Carr MISSOURI, Dennis Heckman, Michael
10、Harms MONTANA, Kent M. Barnes NEBRASKA, Mark J. Traynowicz, Mark Ahlman, Fouad Jaber NEVADA, Mark P. Elicegui, Todd Stefonowicz NEW HAMPSHIRE, Mark W. Richardson, David L. Scott NEW JERSEY, Richard W. Dunne NEW MEXICO, Raymond M. Trujillo, Jimmy D. Camp NEW YORK, George A. Christian, Donald F. Dwyer
11、, Arthur P. Yannotti NORTH CAROLINA, Greg R. Perfetti NORTH DAKOTA, Terrence R. Udland OHIO, Timothy J. Keller, Jawdat Siddiqi OKLAHOMA, Robert J. Rusch, Gregory D. Allen, John A. Schmiedel OREGON, Bruce V. Johnson, Hormoz Seradj PENNSYLVANIA, Thomas P. Macioce, Lou Ruzzi PUERTO RICO, (Vacant) RHODE
12、 ISLAND, David Fish SOUTH CAROLINA, Barry W. Bowers, Jeff Sizemore SOUTH DAKOTA, Kevin Goeden TENNESSEE, Edward P. Wasserman TEXAS, David P. Hohmann, Keith L. Ramsey U.S. DOT, M. Myint Lwin, Raj Ailaney UTAH, Carmen Swanwick, Fred Doehring VERMONT, Wayne B. Symonds VIRGINIA, Malcolm T. Kerley, Kenda
13、l “Ken” Walus, Prasad L. Nallapaneni, Julius F. J. Volgyi, Jr. WASHINGTON, Jugesh Kapur, Tony M. Allen, Bijan Khaleghi WEST VIRGINIA, Gregory Bailey, James D. Shook WISCONSIN, Scot Becker, Beth A. Cannestra, William Dreher WYOMING, Gregg C. Fredrick, Keith R. Fulton GOLDEN GATE BRIDGE, Kary H. Witt
14、MIDTA, Dan Williams N.J. TURNPIKE AUTHORITY, Richard J. Raczynski N.Y. STATE BRIDGE AUTHORITY, William J. Moreau PENN. TURNPIKE COMMISSION, James L. Stump U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERSDEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY, Christopher H. Westbrook, Phillip W. Sauser U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREFOREST SERVICE, Tho
15、mas Gillens ALBERTA, Lloyd Atkin KOREA, Eui-Joon Lee, Sang-Soon Lee NEWFOUNDLAND, Peter Lester NOVA SCOTIA, Mark Pertus ONTARIO, Bala Tharmabala SASKATCHEWAN, Howard Yea TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARDWaseem Dekelbab 2011 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. All r
16、ights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.v FOREWORD The Manual for Bridge Evaluation (MBE) was first adopted by the AASHTO Highways Subcommittee on Bridges and Structures in 2005. The MBE combines the Manual for Condition Evaluation of Bridges, Second Edition (2000) and its 2001
17、and 2003 Interim Revisions with the Guide Manual for Condition Evaluation and Load and Resistance Factor Rating (LRFR) of Highway Bridges, First Edition and its 2005 Interim Revisions. Revisions based on approved agenda items from annual Subcommittee meetings in 2007 and 2008 are also incorporated i
18、nto the MBE. The Manual for Bridge Evaluation, First Edition supersedes the Manual for Condition Evaluation of Bridges, Second Edition and any revisions made in previous Interim Revisions. With the 2008 publication of the MBE, the Subcommittee confers archive status on the Manual for Condition Evalu
19、ation of Bridges, the Guide Manual for Condition Evaluation and Load and Resistance Factor Rating (LRFR) of Highway Bridges, and all Interim Revisions of both prior bridge evaluation titles. AASHTO Highways Subcommittee on Bridges and Structures 2011 by the American Association of State Highway and
20、Transportation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.vi PREFACE Long anticipated and painstakingly developed, The Manual for Bridge Evaluation (MBE) offers assistance to Bridge Owners at all phases of bridge inspection and evaluation. An abbreviated table of co
21、ntents follows this preface. Detailed tables of contents precede Sections 1 through 8. Appendix A includes nine illustrative examples (A1 through A9), previously in the Guide Manual for Condition Evaluation and Load and Resistance Factor Rating (LRFR) of Highway Bridges. To assist users who are alre
22、ady familiar with these examples, the example numbers have been maintained. All examples are rated using the LRFR method. In addition, Examples A1, A2, and A4 are now rated using the ASR and LFR methods. To clarify which rating method is being illustrated, Examples A1, A2, and A4 are divided into Pa
23、rts A through C and their articles are numbered accordingly as follows: Part A, LRFR; Part B, ASR and LFR; and Part C, example summary. For ease of reference, the table of contents for Appendix A includes a summary table of the bridge types, rated members, rating live loads, limit states for evaluat
24、ion, and rating methods, with the starting page number for each example and, in the case of Examples A1, A2, and A4, for each rating method. The typical detailed table of contents follows this summary table. Appendix A includes numerous citations of other AASHTO bridge publications. To save space, t
25、he following shorthand has been adopted: “AASHTO” refers to Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges, 17th Edition, HB-17, “LRFD Design” refers to the current edition of the AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications, Fourth Edition, LRFDUS-4-M, and “MBE” refers to this publication, The Manual for
26、Bridge Evaluation, Second Edition, MBE-2. MBE includes a CD-ROM with many helpful search features that will be familiar to users of the AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications CD-ROM. Examples include: Bookmarks to all articles; Links within the text to cited articles, figures, tables, and equation
27、s; Links for current titles in reference lists to AASHTOs Bookstore; and The Acrobat search function. AASHTO Publications Staff 2011 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.vii ABBREVIATED TABLE OF C
28、ONTENTS SECTION 1: INTRODUCTION 1-i SECTION 2: BRIDGE FILES (RECORDS) . 2-i SECTION 3: BRIDGE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS 3-i SECTION 4: INSPECTION 4-i SECTION 5: MATERIAL TESTING 5-i SECTION 6: LOAD RATING . 6-i SECTION 7: FATIGUE EVALUATION OF STEEL BRIDGES . 7-i SECTION 8: NONDESTRUCTIVE LOAD TESTING 8-i
29、APPENDIX A: ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES . A-i 2011 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.SECTION 1: INTRODUCTION TABLE OF CONTENTS 1-i 1.1PURPOSE 1-1 1.2SCOPE . 1-1 1.3APPLICABILITY 1-2 1.4QUALITY MEASUR
30、ES 1-2 1.5DEFINITIONS AND TERMINOLOGY . 1-3 1.6REFERENCES 1-5 2011 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.SECTION 1: INTRODUCTION 1-1 1.1PURPOSE C1.1 This Manual serves as a standard and providesuni
31、formity in the procedures and policies for determining the physical condition, maintenance needs,and load capacity of the nations highway bridges. This Manual replaces both the 1994 AASHTO Manual for Condition Evaluation of Bridges and the 2003 AASHTO Guide Manual for Condition Evaluation and Load a
32、nd Resistance Factor Rating (LRFR) of Highway Bridges. It serves as a single standard for the evaluation of highway bridges of all types. 1.2SCOPE C1.2 This Manual has been developed to assist BridgeOwners by establishing inspection procedures and evaluation practices that meet the National BridgeIn
33、spection Standards (NBIS). The Manual has been divided into eight Sections, with each Section representing a distinct phase of an overall bridgeinspection and evaluation program. Section 1 contains introductory and backgroundinformation on the maintenance inspection of bridges aswell as definitions
34、of general interest terms. Keycomponents of a comprehensive bridge file are definedin Section 2. The record of each bridge in the fileprovides the foundation against which changes inphysical condition can be measured. Changes incondition are determined by field inspections. A bridgemanagement system
35、 is an effective tool in allocatinglimited resources to bridge related activities. Anoverview of bridge management systems is included inSection 3. The types and frequency of field inspectionsare discussed in Section 4, as are specific inspectiontechniques and requirements. Conditions at a bridge si
36、teor the absence of information from original construction may warrant more elaborate material tests, and varioustesting methods are discussed in Section 5. Section 6 discusses the load rating of bridges and includes theLoad and Resistance Factor method, the Load Factormethod and the Allowable Stres
37、s method. No preferenceis placed on any rating method. The evaluation ofexisting bridges for fatigue is discussed in Section 7. Field load testing is a means of supplementing analyticalprocedures in determining the live-load capacity of abridge and for improving the confidence in theassumptions used
38、 in modeling the bridge. Load testprocedures are described in Section 8. The successful application of this Manual is directly related to the organizational structure established by theBridge Owner. Such a structure should be both effectiveand responsive so that the unique characteristics andspecial
39、 problems of individual bridges are considered indeveloping an appropriate inspection plan and loadcapacity determination. Much of the 2003 AASHTO Guide Manual for Condition Evaluation and Load and Resistance Factor Rating (LRFR) of Highway Bridges has been incorporated and updated in this Manual. S
40、ection 6 of this Manual includes the load ratings provisions of both the 2003 AASHTO Guide Manual for Condition Evaluation and Load and Resistance Factor Rating (LRFR) of Highway Bridges and the 1994 AASHTO Manual for Condition Evaluation of Bridges. 2011 by the American Association of State Highway
41、 and Transportation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.1-2 THE MANUAL FOR BRIDGE EVALUATION 1.3APPLICABILITY C1.3 The provisions of this Manual apply to all highwaystructures which qualify as bridges in accordance withthe AASHTO definition for a bridge (see
42、Article 1.5). These provisions may be applied to smaller structureswhich do not qualify as bridges. At the discretion of the Bridge Owner, the provisions of this Manual may be applied to highway bridge structures regardless of span or total length of bridge. Federal regulations entitled the National
43、 Bridge Inspection Standards (NBIS) have been promulgated which establish minimum requirements for inspection programs and minimum qualifications for bridge inspection personnel. The NBIS apply to all highway bridges on public roads which are more than 20 ft in length. 1.4QUALITY MEASURES C1.4 To ma
44、intain the accuracy and consistency ofinspections and load ratings, Bridge Owners should implement appropriate quality control and qualityassurance measures. Typical quality control proceduresinclude the use of checklists to ensure uniformity andcompleteness, the review of reports and computations b
45、ya person other than the originating individual, and theperiodic field review of inspection teams and their work.Quality assurance measures include the overall review ofthe inspection and rating program to ascertain that theresults meet or exceed the standards established by theOwner. Quality contro
46、l procedures are intended to maintain the quality of the bridge inspections and load ratings, and are usually performed continuously within the bridge inspection or load rating teams or units. The documented quality control plan may include: Defined quality control roles and responsibilities; Qualif
47、ications for Program Managers, bridge inspection personnel, and load rating personnel,including: o Education and certifications, or education and registration; o Initial training; o Years and type of experience; and o Periodic refresher training. Procedures for review and validation of inspection re
48、ports and data; Procedures for review and validation of load rating calculations and data; and Procedures for identification and resolution of data issues, including errors, omissions, changes, or any combination thereof. Quality assurance procedures are used to verify the adequacy of the quality co
49、ntrol procedures to meet or exceed the standards established by the owning agency.Quality assurance procedures are usually performed independent of the bridge inspection and load rating teams on a sample of their work. The documented quality assurance plan may include: Defined quality assurance roles and responsibilities; Frequency parameters for review of districts or units and bridges; 2011 by the American Association of State Highway and Transporta
