1、Standard Specification for Thin Overlay Treatments Using a Binder Resin System and Aggregate for Concrete Surfaces AASHTO Designation: MP 35-181Technical Section: 5b, Bridge and Pavement Preservation Release: Group 1 (April) American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials 444 Nort
2、h Capitol Street N.W., Suite 249 Washington, D.C. 20001 TS-5b MP 35-1 AASHTO Standard Specification for Thin Overlay Treatments Using a Binder Resin System and Aggregate for Concrete Surfaces AASHTO Designation: MP 35-181Technical Section: 5b, Bridge and Pavement Preservation Release: Group 1 (April
3、) 1. SCOPE 1.1. This specification describes the materials for thin overlay treatments using a binder resin system and aggregates for concrete surfaces. The application of the thin overlay is comprised of a minimum of two layers using a binder resin system and surface-applied aggregate. 1.2. Use the
4、 thin overlay in a double lift application (binder resin system and aggregate) for above-grade concrete surfaces (such as bridges, ramps, overpasses, directional flyovers, stacked interchanges, and viaducts). 1.3. Binder resin systems include low modulus epoxy, methyl methacrylate, and polyester res
5、ins. 1.4. This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine t
6、he applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 2. REFERENCED DOCUMENTS 2.1. AASHTO Standards: M 235M/M 235, Epoxy Resin Adhesives T 27, Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse Aggregates T 96, Resistance to Degradation of Small-Size Coarse Aggregate by Abrasion and Impact in the Los Angeles Mach
7、ine T 242, Frictional Properties of Paved Surfaces Using a Full-Scale Tire T 255, Total Evaporable Moisture Content of Aggregate by Drying 2.2. ASTM Standards: C579, Standard Test Methods for Compressive Strength of Chemical-Resistant Mortars, Grouts, Monolithic Surfacings, and Polymer Concretes C77
8、8, Standard Specification for Standard Sand C881/C881M, Standard Specification for Epoxy-Resin-Base Bonding Systems for Concrete C884/C884M, Standard Test Method for Thermal Compatibility Between Concrete and an Epoxy-Resin Overlay 2018 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation
9、 Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-5b MP 35-2 AASHTO D570, Standard Test Method for Water Absorption of Plastics D618, Standard Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing D638, Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics D695, Standard Te
10、st Method for Compressive Properties of Rigid Plastics D2240, Standard Test Method for Rubber PropertyDurometer Hardness D2471-99, Standard Test Method for Gel Time and Peak Exothermic Temperature of Reacting Thermosetting Resins (withdrawn 2008) D2556, Standard Test Method for Apparent Viscosity of
11、 Adhesives Having Shear-Rate- Dependent Flow Properties Using Rotational Viscometry D3278, Standard Test Methods for Flash Point of Liquids by Small Scale Closed-Cup Apparatus E573, Standard Practices for Internal Reflection Spectroscopy 3. TERMINOLOGY 3.1. binder resin systema polymeric resin used
12、to bond a surface-applied aggregate to a concrete pavement and concrete structure. 3.2. prime coata polymeric resin that is used to fill cracks and voids in existing concrete surfaces that is compatible with the binder resin system. 3.3. thin overlay treatmenta binder resin system and surface-applie
13、d aggregate utilized to preserve concrete against chloride intrusion and provide a wearing surface. 4. SUMMARY 4.1. This specification describes furnishing a thin overlay material for concrete above-grade surfaces. 4.2. The thin overlay is comprised of a double layer using a binder resin system that
14、 holds a surface applied aggregate firmly in place. 4.3. The thin overlay may be applied by either mechanical or manual techniques. 5. SIGNIFICANCE AND USE 5.1. The thin overlay is used primarily for preserving a concrete structure from deterioration by providing a wearing surface and a barrier agai
15、nst chloride intrusion. 5.2. Typically, recommended locations for thin overlay installations include concrete surfaces above grade (such as bridges, ramps, overpasses, directional flyovers, stacked interchanges, and viaducts) and other identified structures where preservation of existing concrete is
16、 required. 5.3. Thin overlay can provide improved friction on a concrete structure by utilizing a high friction aggregate. However, this specification is not intended to address these high friction surface treatments. 6. MATERIALS 6.1. Binder Resin Systems: 2018 by the American Association of State
17、Highway and Transportation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-5b MP 35-3 AASHTO 6.1.1. Binder Resin SystemBinder resin systems shall be recommended by the manufacturer as suitable for use on the intended pavement surface and for the potential range of atm
18、ospheric exposure. 6.1.2. Prime CoatA primer shall be used before application of the binder resin system when recommended by the manufacturer. 6.1.3. The properly proportioned and mixed binder shall conform to the requirements of Table 1, Low Modulus Epoxy; Table 2, Methyl Methacrylate (MMA); and Ta
19、ble 3, Polyester Resins. See Section 7 for sample preparation and testing procedures. Table 1Physical Requirements for Low Modulus Epoxy Property Test Method Requirements Viscosity ASTM D2556 1000 Centipoise minimumaFlash Point ASTM D3278 (see Note 3 of D3278) See safety data sheet (SDS) Gel Time AS
20、TM C881/C881M /AASHTO M 235M/M 235 10 minutes minimum Compressive Modulus: ASTM D695 7 days 130,000 psi maximum Compressive Strength: ASTM C579 Test Method B 3 hours 1000 psi minimum 24 hours 3000 psi minimum Tensile Strength: ASTM D638 Type I 7 days 20005000 psi Tensile Elongation ASTM D638 Type I
21、30% minimum Absorption ASTM D570 1.0% maximum Type D Hardness ASTM D2240 6080 Thermal Compatibility ASTM C884/C884M PASS Infrared Spectrum ASTM E573 Combined and ComponentsbaEpoxies with low viscosities may be unsuitable for some heated mechanical applications. bMethodologies for comparisons should
22、be similar. Table 2Physical Requirements for Methyl Methacrylate (MMA) Property Test Method Requirements Viscosity ASTM D2556 15002500 Centipoise minimum Flash Point ASTM D3278 (see Note 3 of D3278) See SDS Gel Time ASTM D2471 (60 g) 15 minutes minimum Compressive Modulus: ASTM D695 7 days 130,000 p
23、si maximum Compressive Strength: ASTM D695 7 days 15003000 psi Tensile Strength: ASTM D638 Type I 7 days 5001000 psi Tensile Elongation ASTM D638 Type I 50% minimum Absorption ASTM D570 1.0% maximum Type D Hardness ASTM D2240 Cure specimen for 7 days 5060 Infrared Spectrum ASTM E573 Combined and Com
24、ponentsaaMethodologies for comparisons should be similar. 2018 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-5b MP 35-4 AASHTO Table 3Physical Requirements for Polyester Resins Property Test Method Requ
25、irements Viscosity ASTM D2556 1000 Centipoise minimumaFlash Point ASTM D3278 (see Note 3 of D3278) See SDS Gel Time ASTM C881/C881M /AASHTO M 235M/M 235 10 minutes minimum Compressive Strength: ASTM C579 Test Method B 3 hours 1000 psi minimum 24 hours 3000 psi minimum Tensile Strength: ASTM D638 7 d
26、ays 20005000 psi Tensile Elongation ASTM D638 30% minimum Absorption ASTM D570 1.0% maximum Type D Hardness ASTM D2240 Cure specimen for 7 days 6080 Thermal Compatibility ASTM C884/C884M PASS Infrared Spectrum ASTM E573 Combined and ComponentsbaPolyester resins with low viscosities may be unsuitable
27、 for some heated mechanical applications. bMethodologies for comparisons should be similar. 6.1.4. For each project, provide independent laboratory reports documenting that the resin binder meets the requirements of this specification. 6.1.5. A sample of the resin binder or components lot/batch shal
28、l be supplied upon request. 6.1.6. Failure to comply with the specified material properties shall result in rejection of the material lot/batch provided. 6.2. Aggregates: 6.2.1. Surface Applied Aggregate: 6.2.2. The type of aggregate shall be a hard, durable, polish-resistant, quality aggregate that
29、 is clean, dry, and free from foreign matter and specified by the Owner Agency. 6.2.3. The surface-applied aggregate shall meet the grading requirements of Table 4. See Section 7 for sample preparation and testing procedures. Table 4Aggregate Grading Requirements Property Test Method Requirements Ag
30、gregate Grading: AASHTO T 27 % Passing: No. 4 Sieve 100% minimum No. 6 Sieve 95% minimum No. 16 Sieve 5% maximum No. 30 Sieve 0.2% maximum 6.2.4. A sample of the aggregate lot/batch shall be supplied upon request. 2018 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. All ri
31、ghts reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-5b MP 35-5 AASHTO 7. METHOD OF TESTING 7.1. The binder resin systems tests shall be completed in accordance with the following: 7.1.1. Specimen Mixing, Curing, Conditioning, and Test Conditions 7.1.1.1. Prepare specimens in accordance wi
32、th manufacturers recommendations, unless otherwise stated below. 7.1.1.2. Cure and condition specimens at a temperature of 73 3.6F (23 2C) and relative humidity of 50 10%, unless otherwise stated below. 7.1.2. Perform testing at a temperature of 73 3.6F (23 2C), unless otherwise stated below. 7.1.3.
33、 ViscosityASTM D2556. 7.1.3.1. Prepare a 1-Pt sample following the manufacturers recommendation and mix for 2 to 3 min before testing. Take viscosity readings at 73 2F (23 1C). Note 1Mixing may cause resin to increase in temperature. Lowering of component temperatures may be necessary to take the vi
34、scosity readings at 73 3.6F (23 2C). 7.1.3.2. Use ASTM D2556 Appendix X1.1 for spindle selection. 7.1.4. Flash PointASTM D3278 (see Note 3 when testing organic peroxides). 7.1.5. Gel TimeAASHTO M 235M/M 235 or ASTM C881/C881M or ASTM D2471 for MMA. 7.1.5.1. Prepare a 60-g sample of mixed resin. 7.1.
35、6. Ultimate Tensile StrengthASTM D638. 7.1.7. Elongation at Break PointASTM D638. 7.1.8. Durometer HardnessASTM D2240. 7.1.8.1. Use the Type 1 Precision-Type D Durometer Method. 7.1.9. Compressive Strength at 3 hASTM C579 Test Method B. 7.1.9.1. Prepare specimen according to Method B, 2-in. cube, us
36、ing 2.75 parts of sand to one part of mixed polymer resin binder by volume. 7.1.9.2. Sand shall meet ASTM C778 for 2030 sand. 7.1.9.3. Cure specimens for 3 h. 7.1.10. Compressive Strength at 7 daysASTM C579 Test Method B. 7.1.10.1. Prepare specimen according to Method B, 2-in. cube, using 2.75 parts
37、 of sand to one part of mixed polymer resin binder by volume. 7.1.10.2. Sand shall meet the requirements of ASTM C778 for 2030 sand. 7.1.10.3. Cure specimens for 7 days. 2018 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of
38、 applicable law.TS-5b MP 35-6 AASHTO 7.1.11. Compressive Strength at 7 daysASTM D695. 7.1.11.1. Cure specimens for 7 days. 7.1.12. Water AbsorptionASTM D570. 7.1.12.1. Cure specimens for 14 days before immersion. 7.1.13. Thermal CompatibilityASTM C884/C884M. 7.1.13.1. Cure specimens for 7 days. 7.1.
39、14. Infrared SpectrumASTM E573. 7.1.14.1. Spectroanalysis (FTIR)Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis provides a chemical fingerprint of a material system that can be used to compare one material to another and to compare batches of a particular material. 7.1.14.2. Analysis can be carried out b
40、y transmission or by internal reflection (usually with an attenuated total reflectance accessory). 7.1.14.3. Analyses of the same material may not be comparable when data is collected in different modes (i.e., transmission vs. reflectance) or when different sample preparation techniques are used. 7.
41、1.14.4. When comparing spectra, it is important to ensure that data was collected under the same conditions, including sample preparation and instrument conditions. 7.1.14.5. Materials can be analyzed as received (including any pigment or filler), or after processing such as dissolution or solvent e
42、xtraction. 7.1.14.6. Comparative analyses need to be carried out with the same sample preparation techniques. 7.1.14.7. Review and familiarization with the referenced test methods is essential for correctly performing the spectroanalysis, including sample preparation and data analysis. 7.1.14.8. Pro
43、cedureUse ASTM E573 for testing by reflectance (attenuated total reflectance or other method). 7.2. Aggregate GradingAASHTO T 27. 8. PACKAGING 8.1. Binder Resin System Packaging: 8.1.1. Binder resin system components shall be packaged in suitable, well-sealed containers clearly labeled as to the typ
44、e of material and the ratio of the components to be mixed by volume. Any special instructions regarding mixing shall be included. 8.1.1.1. The label shall show resin or hardener components, brand name, name of manufacturer, lot or batch number, temperature range for storage, expiration date, and the
45、 quantity contained therein. 8.1.1.2. Caution warnings regarding contact of the binder with skin and eyes shall be included on the labels. 2018 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-5b MP 35-7 A
46、ASHTO 8.2. Aggregate Packaging: 8.2.1. All aggregates shall be furnished in appropriate packaging that is clearly labeled and protects the aggregate from any contaminates on the jobsite and from exposure to rain or other moisture. 8.2.1.1. The label shall show the name of the manufacturer and locati
47、on of processing. 9. MATERIALS CERTIFICATION 9.1. At the request of the purchaser, the manufacturer of the binder resin system shall certify through testing that the binder resin system meets the requirements of this specification. 9.1.1. Such certification shall consist of either a copy of the manu
48、facturers independent test report or a statement by the manufacturer, accompanied by a copy of the current test results, that the binder resin system has been sampled and tested. 9.1.2. Such certification shall indicate the date of testing and shall be signed by the manufacturer. 9.2. At the request
49、 of the purchaser, the manufacturer of the aggregate shall certify that the aggregate meets the requirements of this specification. 9.2.1. Such certification shall consist of either a copy of the manufacturers test report or a statement by the manufacturer, accompanied by a copy of the current test results, that the aggregate has been sampled and tested. 9.2.2. Such certification shall indicate the date of testing and shall be signed by the manufacturer. 9.3. The manufact
