1、Standard Practice for Collecting the Transverse Pavement Profile AASHTO Designation: PP 70-14 (2016)1 Release: Group 1 (April 2016) American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials 444 North Capitol Street N.W., Suite 249 Washington, D.C. 20001 TS-5a PP 70-1 AASHTO Standard Practic
2、e for Collecting the Transverse Pavement Profile AASHTO Designation: PP 70-14 (2016)1Release: Group 1 (April 2016) 1. SCOPE 1.1. This practice outlines a method for collecting pavement transverse profile, including its relationship to a level horizontal reference in pavement surfaces utilizing autom
3、ated measurement devices. The profile can subsequently be used to quantify cross slope and pavement distresses such as transverse deformation, rut characteristics, water entrapment, or edge drop-off. Detailed specifications are not included for equipment or instruments used to make the measurements.
4、 Equipment that can be adequately validated to meet the functionality stipulated herein is considered acceptable. The goal is to achieve a standardized data set that supports a wide variety of interpretation methods to characterize pavement transverse profile characteristics in order to capture prop
5、erties of engineering significance, without unduly restricting innovative methods. 1.2. This standard addresses data collection utilizing a measurement device traveling at or near the posted speed limit. 1.3. This practice does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated wi
6、th its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations related to and prior to its use. 2. TERMINOLOGY 2.1. Definitions: 2.1.1. report intervalthe travel distance between the rep
7、orted data. 2.1.2. transverse profilevertical deviations of the pavement surface from a level horizontal reference perpendicular to the lane direction of travel. 2.1.3. transverse measurement widthdistance between the first and last measurement points in the transverse profile. 2.1.4. vertical measu
8、rement resolutionthe smallest distance of measurement in the vertical axis stored by the measure device. 2.1.5. vertical measurement accuracythe difference between the vertical distance reported by the measuring device and a standard reference measurement. 3. SIGNIFICANCE AND USE 3.1. This standard
9、provides guidelines for collecting transverse pavement profile for the subsequent extraction of selected pavement characteristics such as rut, cross slope, deformation, and edge drop-off. 2016 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication
10、 is a violation of applicable law.TS-5a PP 70-2 AASHTO 3.2. Two data reporting intervals are to be selected based on the level of detail required in the subsequent analysis. The longer interval is typical of network data collection, while the shorter is more often related to project-level data acqui
11、sition. 4. DATA COLLECTION 4.1. General GuidelinesEach agency shall designate the lane(s) and direction(s) of travel to be surveyed or rated based on sound engineering principles and management needs within the agency. The following guidelines are recommended as minimums to provide a necessary datab
12、ase and for long-term uniformity. 4.2. The report interval between collected transverse profiles should not exceed 3.0 m (10 ft) for network-level collection and 0.5 m (1.5 ft) for project-level collection. 4.3. For network-level collection, at least one direction should be surveyed on undivided roa
13、ds and both directions on divided highways. On undivided roads, measurements on the side carrying the heaviest truck loads are desired, when this knowledge is available in advance of the survey. 4.4. It is desirable to survey the same direction of travel and the same lane during subsequent survey cy
14、cles. 4.5. The transverse profile shall have a minimum width of 4.0 m (13 ft) for detecting distresses in the lane (between the longitudinal lane markings, when present) and 4.25 m (14 ft) if interpretation of edge drop-off is desired. The extra width should be on the shoulder side of the lane, beyo
15、nd the edge marking. These widths include 300 mm (12 in.) beyond the normal requirements to account for vehicle wander. Data measured outside the location of interest may be discarded before reporting if a lane identification algorithm is employed at the collection stage. Note 1The technology for hi
16、gh resolution transverse profile data collection is advancing rapidly. Currently, the most widely deployed technology involves mid-angle optical methods that are subject to providing false or no data due to the nature of the surface. Highly reflective surfaces such as rail tracks, manholes, steel pa
17、tch plates, or ponding water cause measurement difficulty. Different pavement surface types also require the camera to adjust, which can take several potential profiles to recover. These issues typically involve a limited portion of the pavement and can be dropped without a significant impact on the
18、 values required for pavement management. A right-of-way camera image can be of significant value when resolving issues of this type. Newer, high-angle optical techniques may significantly reduce the occurrence of these problems. 5. DATA REQUIREMENTS 5.1. The transverse profile shall have data point
19、s with separation of less than or equal to 10 mm (0.4 in.). 5.2. Vertical measurement resolution shall be less than or equal to 1 mm (0.04 in.). 5.3. Vertical measurement accuracy shall be less than or equal to: 5.3.1. 3 mm (0.12 in.) when the average elevation of that same profile is used as a refe
20、rence; 5 mm (0.20 in.) when an absolute-level horizontal elevation is applied as a reference. 5.4. The profile shall be measured along a transverse line that deviates less than 15 degrees perpendicular to the lane centerline. 2016 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Offic
21、ials. All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-5a PP 70-3 AASHTO 6. SYSTEM VALIDATION 6.1. The process of calibrating and checking the performance of the measurement equipment is the responsibility of the agency. Agencies should evaluate and confirm the manufacturers reco
22、mmendations for calibrating and verifying the performance of the equipment relative to their intended data use. 6.2. Measurement System Elements to Be ValidatedThe following elements of the measurement system should be validated: 6.2.1. Distance measuring instrument accuracy. 6.2.2. Data point spaci
23、ng. 6.2.3. Transverse measurement width. 6.2.4. Vertical measurement resolution and accuracy relative to the vehicle. 6.2.5. Vertical measurement accuracy relative to a level horizontal reference. 6.2.6. Effect of operational and environmental variables, including: 6.2.6.1. Sun angle, intensities, s
24、hadows, temperature, and precipitation on the pavement surface; and 6.2.6.2. Measurement speed variability. 6.2.7. Pavement cross slope, vertical grade, roughness, and horizontal curvature. 6.3. Validation reference for certification is manual measurements of surveyed lane sections made by trained t
25、echnicians on suitable test sections designated by the agency. Multiple 3-m (10-ft) long test sample interval sections should be employed. One manual reference transverse profile measurement is performed in each test sample interval. The manual transverse measurement interval should not exceed 25 mm
26、 (1 in.). The test sample sections should be as uniform as possible along their length to reduce differences in exact measurement location. The longitudinal measurement interval of the manual reference transverse profiles should not be more than 150 mm (6 in.). Artificially manufactured artifacts wi
27、th known dimensions, such as steel plates or wires, placed through the length of the test sections, may be used to assess system resolution and accuracy. All validation reference values must be measured to a true level reference. The variability in the reference measurement process needs to be asses
28、sed. When possible, at least three repeat manual reference transverse profile measurements should be performed on at least three test sections. 6.4. Validation/Acceptance Report: 6.4.1. The validation reference report will include assessments from multiple transverse elevation profiles. 6.4.2. The a
29、cceptance report should tabulate the data from at least five equipment runs and the validation reference values. It should also include: 6.4.2.1. The results from the resolution tests performed in at least four locations across the pavement. 6.4.2.2. The effects of operational and environmental vari
30、ables investigated in the validation. 2016 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-5a PP 70-4 AASHTO 6.5. The operator and driver are critical components of the total measurement system. They must
31、 be trained in equipment operation including instrument failure detection and system management. Smooth, precise operation of the instrument platform is necessary for optimum results. 6.6. The formal validation and performance measurements should be supplemented with a routine operational check prog
32、ram in which the equipment measures a standard set of test sections on a regular basis. The check sites should be representative of the pavement system being measured. Time series analyses are used to check for changes in the measurement system not caused by changes in the road being measured. A typ
33、ical implementation of this system check process would involve monthly measurements on a defined set of sections where the agency has knowledge of maintenance, construction, or other activities that could change the transverse profile of the test sections. 7. KEYWORDS 7.1. Automated pavement data co
34、llection; pavement cross slope; pavement distress; pavement edge drop-off; pavement evaluation; pavement management; pavement monitoring; pavement surface; pavement transverse profile; rut; rutting. 8. REFERENCES 8.1. AASHTO PP 69, Determining Pavement Deformation Parameters and Cross Slope from Col
35、lected Transverse Profiles. 8.2. ASTM E1656/E1656M, Standard Guide for Classification of Automated Pavement Condition Survey Equipment. 8.3. FHWA. Distress Identification Manual for the Long-Term Pavement Performance Program, FHWA Report RD-03-031. 1This provisional standard was first published in 2010. 2016 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.
