1、Standard Practice for Quality Assurance, Job Site Quality Control, and Reapplication of Protective Sealers for Portland Cement Concrete AASHTO Designation: PP 73-13 (2015)1American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials 444 North Capitol Street N.W., Suite 249 Washington, D.C. 200
2、01 TS-4c PP 73-1 AASHTO Standard Practice for Quality Assurance, Job Site Quality Control, and Reapplication of Protective Sealers for Portland Cement Concrete AASHTO Designation: PP 73-13 (2015)11. SCOPE 1.1. This practice covers procedures and test methods for quality assurance testing and job sit
3、e quality control for protective sealers for protecting new concrete or prolonging the life of sound, in-service concrete used in highway structures. It is assumed that the sealer has been tested and prequalified through TP 96. This practice provides testing methods for routine and job site product
4、quality assurance and for assessing the field performance of sealers, and includes methods to assess when reapplication should be performed. 1.2. Sealers are divided into two basic types: coatings, which remain on the surface; and penetrants, which penetrate into the concrete to some measurable dept
5、h and do not substantially change the appearance of the concrete. 1.3. The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. 2. REFERENCED DOCUMENTS 2.1. AASHTO Standards: T 260, Sampling and Testing for Chloride Ion in Concrete and Concrete Raw Materials T 278, Surface Frictional Proper
6、ties Using the British Pendulum Tester TP 96, Protective Sealers for Portland Cement Concrete 2.2. ASTM Standards: C42/C42M, Standard Test Method for Obtaining and Testing Drilled Cores and Sawed Beams of Concrete C496/C496M, Standard Test Method for Splitting Tensile Strength of Cylindrical Concret
7、e Specimens C1583/C1583M, Standard Test Method for Tensile Strength of Concrete Surfaces and the Bond Strength or Tensile Strength of Concrete Repair and Overlay Materials by Direct Tension (Pull-Off Method) D891, Standard Test Methods for Specific Gravity, Apparent, of Liquid Industrial Chemicals D
8、2369, Standard Test Method for Volatile Content of Coatings D4138, Standard Practices for Measurement of Dry Film Thickness of Protective Coating Systems by Destructive, Cross-Sectioning Means D4263, Standard Test Method for Indicating Moisture in Concrete by the Plastic Sheet Method 2015 by the Ame
9、rican Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-4c PP 73-2 AASHTO D4541, Standard Test Method for Pull-Off Strength of Coatings Using Portable Adhesion Testers D5095, Standard Test Method for Determination of the No
10、nvolatile Content in Silanes, Siloxanes and Silane-Siloxane Blends Used in Masonry Water Repellent Treatments D6138, Standard Test Method for Determination of Corrosion-Preventive Properties of Lubricating Greases Under Dynamic Wet Conditions (Emcor Test) E260, Standard Practice for Packed Column Ga
11、s Chromatography E274/E274M, Standard Test Method for Skid Resistance of Paved Surfaces Using a Full-Scale Tire E355, Standard Practice for Gas Chromatography Terms and Relationships E573, Standard Practices for Internal Reflection Spectroscopy E1252, Standard Practice for General Techniques for Obt
12、aining Infrared Spectra for Qualitative Analysis F2170, Standard Test Method for Determining Relative Humidity in Concrete Floor Slabs Using in situ Probes 2.3. Other Reports: Alberta Infrastructure, Technical Standards Branch, Alberta. BT005, Test Procedure for Measuring the Waterproofing Performan
13、ce of Core Samples Taken from Sealed Concrete Surfaces Pfeifer, D. W. and M. J. Scali. National Cooperative Highway Research Program Report 244: Concrete Sealers for Protection of Bridge Structures. National Academy Press, Washington, DC, 1981, 138 pp. New York 717-01E, Protective Sealers for Struct
14、ural Concrete (Water Absorption) FHWA-RI-90-1, Laboratory Evaluation of Concrete Sealers for Vertical Highway Structures Cady, P. D. NCHRP Synthesis of Highway Practice 209: Sealers for Portland Cement Concrete Highway Facilities. National Academy Press, Washington, DC, 1994. Cady, P. D. and E. J. G
15、annon. Condition Evaluation of Concrete Bridges Relative to Reinforcement Corrosion, Vol. 8: Procedure Manual, Report No. SHRP-S/FR-92-110. Strategic Highway Research Program, National Research Council, Washington, DC, 1992. 2.4. RILEM Recommendation: RILEM Commission 25-PEM. Recommended Tests to Me
16、asure the Deterioration of Stone and to Assess the Effectiveness of Treatment Methods. Materials and Structures, Vol. 13, No. 3, 1980, pp. 175253. 3. ROUTINE AND JOB SITE QUALITY ASSURANCE TESTING 3.1. This testing is recommended to establish that the sealer material supplied to a job site or ordere
17、d for use by maintenance forces is the same material and has the same performance as the material that was tested in the prequalification testing conducted according to TP 96. This testing includes sealer material characterization tests and selected performance tests. 3.2. Sealer SamplingSample a mi
18、nimum of 1 qt of material for each manufacturing lot supplied. It is preferred to sample complete units of material; however, small samples of large units are allowed. Ensure that the sample container is clean, has an airtight seal, and is nonreactive with the sealer. Thoroughly mix each component p
19、rior to sampling. 3.3. Material Characterization Tests for Job Site QAMaterial characterization tests are used to collect data on the basic characteristics of the material, including composition, solids content, and specific gravity. These tests are primarily used for comparison of materials sampled
20、 during routine 2015 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-4c PP 73-3 AASHTO and job site quality assurance with prequalified materials. These tests should be performed on samples of the batch or
21、 batches of sealer material that are supplied for project use. The test results should be compared to the data on file from the prequalification testing. 3.3.1. Spectroanalysis (FTIR)Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis provides a chemical fingerprint of a material system that can be used to c
22、ompare one material to another and to compare batches of a particular material. Analysis can be carried out by transmission or by internal reflection (usually with an attenuated total reflectance accessory). Analyses of the same material may not be comparable when data is collected in different mode
23、s (i.e., transmission vs. reflectance) or when different sample preparation techniques are used. When comparing spectra, it is important to ensure that data was collected under the same conditions, including sample preparation and instrument conditions. Because comparative analyses need to be carrie
24、d out with the same sample preparation techniques, review and repeat the processes used for FTIR during the prequalification testing. Use ASTM E1252 for testing in transmission. Use ASTM E573 for testing by reflectance (attenuated total reflectance or other method). Compare the results to the testin
25、g performed during the prequalification and confirm a favorable match as deemed by the specifier. 3.3.2. Gas Chromatography (GC)Gas chromatography (GC) can be used in addition to or in combination with FTIR as a method for chemical analysis of sealer materials. The procedure used to analyze the seal
26、er by GC will depend on the instrument, column type, and sealer being analyzed. The results will be affected by the instrument and run parameters, such as choice of stationary phase, carrier gas, and carrier gas flow rate. Once a procedure is developed (carrier gas, carrier gas flow rate, stationary
27、 phase, etc.) the procedure should be followed for each additional analysis, to provide data suitable for comparison. Refer to ASTM E355 for utilizing gas chromatography. Review and repeat the processes used for GC during the prequalification testing. For each material type, define a suitable set of
28、 operating parameters. These parameters include: stationary phase, injector, detector, carrier gas, carrier gas flow rate, column temperature, run time, injection volume, and other applicable parameters. Obtain and file the dated chromatogram and any other information (component identification or qu
29、antification) provided. Document the collection conditions and details of sample preparation. Compare the results to the testing performed during the prequalification and confirm a favorable match as deemed by the specifier. 3.3.3. Solids ContentMeasuring solids content of sealer materials is useful
30、 to monitor the uniformity of the material from lot to lot and to ensure that the materials are the same as those that were tested in the prequalification approval testing. Unlike spectroanalysis, which gives a qualitative spectrum, solids content measurements provide a quantitative measurement of n
31、onvolatile content. Fillers or pigments will be measured in solids content measurements, and changes in the type (density) or concentration of fillers or pigment can lead to different solids content measurements. Changes in solvent may not be apparent in solids content measurements. This measurement
32、 is used for quality control purposes and also to calculate the weight of sealer applied to the test samples. For silanes, siloxanes, or silane/siloxane blends, test using ASTM D5095. For other types of sealers, test using ASTM D2369. 3.3.4. Specific GravityChanges in solvent or solids concentration
33、 will affect specific gravity. Specific gravity provides a quantitative method of evaluating changes in a material from batch to batch. The method listed is suitable for both solvent-based and water-based systems. Test the sealer per ASTM D891, Method A or Method B. 3.3.5. ReportingReporting shall i
34、nclude: 3.3.5.1. Trade name and lot number of the material analyzed; 2015 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-4c PP 73-4 AASHTO 3.3.5.2. Sealer information, lot number, date manufactured, and M
35、SDS (Material Safety Data Sheet); 3.3.5.3. Dated FTIR spectrum (or spectra) with peak positions labeled, and sample preparation and analysis conditions; 3.3.5.4. Dated gas chromatogram and any other information (component identification or quantification) provided, along with collection condition an
36、d details of sample preparation; 3.3.5.5. Solids content (percent nonvolatile content) as required in the relevant ASTM method; 3.3.5.6. Specific gravity as required in the relevant ASTM method; and 3.3.5.7. Comparison data of the FTIR, GC, solids content, and specific gravity for the sealer tested
37、during the prequalification testing. 3.4. Material Performance Testing for Job Site QA TestingScreening Performance Tests for Water Vapor Transmission, Saltwater Absorption, and Depth of Sealer Penetration 3.4.1. Purpose of Performance TestingSeveral performance tests are recommended to ensure that
38、formulation or raw material changes do not adversely affect the performance of sealers. These tests are recommended for job site quality control and can be used whenever sealers are ordered. The test frequency can be limited to at least one test per year for each material, if test costs become prohi
39、bitive or time is unavailable. Tests for water vapor transmission, saltwater absorption, and depth of penetration or coating thickness are recommended. 3.4.2. Testing and Sample PreparationTest sealer material in accordance with the following prequalification test sections of TP 96: Section 5.3.3, M
40、oisture Vapor Transmission; Section 5.3.4, Waterproofing Performance by Saltwater Immersion; and Section 5.3.7, Depth of Sealer Penetration or Coating Thickness. Prepare test samples according to TP 96, Section 5.3.2, Test Sample Preparation and Treatment. Use standard cured test cubes of the same c
41、oncrete mixture used during prequalification testing. Adjust the moisture content of the test cubes to 70 percent of the total moisture content Mssd. Lightly sandblast the cubes and treat test samples with the sealer. 3.4.3. Moisture Vapor Transmission TestPerform the Moisture Vapor Transmission Tes
42、t as specified in TP 96, Section 5.3.3. Determine the moisture vapor transmission gravimetrically by measuring the cube weight at 0, 7, and 14 days after treatment to the nearest 0.1 g. Calculate the mean Drying Rate Coefficient (DRC) for the weight loss between 7 and 14 days. 3.4.4. Waterproofing P
43、erformance by Saltwater Immersion TestPerform the Waterproofing Performance by Saltwater Immersion Test as specified in TP 96, Section 5.3.4. Use the same samples as used in the vapor transmission testing. Bring both sets of cubes, sealed and control, to the same moisture content before testing. Cor
44、rect sample weights for the hardened sealer adhering to the test cubes at the end of the 14-day drying period. After conditioning, weigh specimens at room temperature and immerse cubes in 15 percent sodium chloride solution at 23 2C for 7 days. Calculate the Saltwater Absorption Ratio (SAR) of the t
45、reated cubes as a percent of the average absorption of control cubes. 3.4.5. Depth of Sealer Penetration or Coating ThicknessDetermine the Depth of Sealer Penetration or Coating Thickness as specified in TP 96, Section 5.3.7. 2015 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Offic
46、ials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-4c PP 73-5 AASHTO Split each treated cube and oven dry the cube half. Cool in laboratory air to room temperature, and determine depth of penetration or coating thickness using the more applicable of the two methods listed in T
47、P 96, Section 5.3.7. Record the average, minimum, and maximum depths of penetration or coating thickness. 3.4.6. ReportingReporting shall include: 3.4.6.1. Sealer information, lot number, date manufactured, location where sampled, and MSDS; 3.4.6.2. Aggregate source, gradation and a complete descrip
48、tion of the mix design and concrete properties, including casting date of cubes; 3.4.6.3. Concrete plastic properties including slump, air content, temperature, and unit weight; 3.4.6.4. Concrete compressive strength at 28 days; 3.4.6.5. Moisture capacity of concrete (Mssd); 3.4.6.6. Method of seale
49、r application, number of coats, and the application rate for each sample. Note the time required for the surface of the cubes to dry after each coat; 3.4.6.7. The Drying Rate Coefficient (DRC) measured during vapor transmission test; 3.4.6.8. The weight gain during immersion (Wi7) over 7 days of each cube; 3.4.6.9. Saltwater Absorption Ratio (SAR) at 7 days for the given application rate measured during saltwater immersion test; 3.4.6.10. Dye used for depth of penetration test, if applicable; 3.4.6.11. Average
