1、Standard Practice for High-Friction Surface Treatment for Asphalt and Concrete Pavements AASHTO Designation: PP 79-14 (2016)1 Release: Group 1 (April 2016) American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials 444 North Capitol Street N.W., Suite 249 Washington, D.C. 20001 TS-4c PP 79-1
2、 AASHTO Standard Practice for High-Friction Surface Treatment for Asphalt and Concrete Pavements AASHTO Designation: PP 79-14 (2016)1Release: Group 1 (April 2016) 1. SCOPE 1.1. This practice describes furnishing and applying a high-friction surface treatment (HFST) for asphalt and concrete pavements
3、. The HFST is composed of a minimum of a single layer using a binder resin system and surface-applied aggregate. Binder resin systems include polymeric and methyl methacrylate resins. 1.2. This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This standard does not purport to addr
4、ess all of the safety concerns associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 2. REFERENCED DOCUMENTS 2.1. AASHTO Standards: M 235M/M 235, Epox
5、y Resin Adhesives T 27, Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse Aggregates T 96, Resistance to Degradation of Small-Size Coarse Aggregate by Abrasion and Impact in the Los Angeles Machine T 242, Frictional Properties of Paved Surfaces Using a Full-Scale Tire T 255, Total Evaporable Moisture Content of Agg
6、regate by Drying 2.2. ASTM Standards: C25, Standard Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Limestone, Quicklime, and Hydrated Lime C579, Standard Test Methods for Compressive Strength of Chemical-Resistant Mortars, Grouts, Monolithic Surfacings, and Polymer Concretes C778, Standard Specification for
7、Standard Sand C881/C881M, Standard Specification for Epoxy-Resin-Base Bonding Systems for Concrete D570, Standard Test Method for Water Absorption of Plastics D638, Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics D1640, Standard Test Methods for Drying, Curing, or Film Formation of Organic C
8、oatings at Room Temperature D2196, Standard Test Methods for Rheological Properties of Non-Newtonian Materials by Rotational (Brookfield type) Viscometer D2240, Standard Test Method for Rubber PropertyDurometer Hardn ess 2016 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.
9、 All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-4c PP 79-2 AASHTO D2556, Standard Test Method for Apparent Viscosity of Adhesives Having Shear-Rate-Dependent Flow Properties Using Rotational Viscometry D4285, Standard Test Method for Indicating Oil or Water in Compressed Air D4
10、541, Standard Test Method for Pull-Off Strength of Coatings Using Portable Adhesion Testers E1911, Standard Test Method for Measuring Paved Surface Frictional Properties Using the Dynamic Friction Tester 3. TERMINOLOGY 3.1. Definitions: 3.1.1. high-friction surface treatment (HFST)a binder resin sys
11、tem and surface-applied aggregate utilized to increase the coefficient of friction of an asphalt or concrete pavement. 3.1.2. binder resin systema polymeric resin used to bond a surface-applied aggregate to an asphalt or concrete pavement. 3.1.3. prime coata polymeric resin that is use d to fill cra
12、cks and voids in existing pavement surface that is compatible with the binder resin system. 3.1.4. skid resistance (SR)the ability of the traveled sur face to prevent the loss of tire traction. 3.1.5. skid number (SN)a value representing the frictio n of a surface obtained from using the locked-whee
13、l trailer. 3.1.6. macro texturea family of wave-shaped road s urface characteristics that have wavelengths from 0.5 mm up to 50 mm and affect the interaction between the road surface and the tire footprint. 3.1.7. open-graded friction course (OGFC)a special type of h ot mix asphalt surface mixture u
14、sed for reducing hydroplaning and potential for skidding, where the function of the mixture is to provide a free-draining layer that permits surface water to migrate laterally through the mixture to the edge of the pavement. 4. SUMMARY OF PRACTICE 4.1. This practice describes furnishing and applying
15、 an HFST for asphalt and concrete pavements. The HFST is composed of a minimum of a single layer using a binder resin system that holds a surface applied aggregate firmly in place. The HFST may be applied by either mechanical or manual techniques. These systems may be applied to both asphalt and con
16、crete pavements. 5. SIGNIFICANCE AND USE 5.1. The HFST is used primarily for restoring or enhancing the friction properties of a pavement surface where high-friction or anti-skidding properties are desired. 5.2. Typically recommended locations for HFST installations include horizontal curves, inters
17、ections, exit-entrance ramps, steep grades, bridges, and other identified areas where increased friction demand requires an effective countermeasure. 5.2.1. An HFST will provide improved friction for bridge decks. This specification is not intended to address bridge deck preservation sealing project
18、s. 2016 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-4c PP 79-3 AASHTO 6. MATERIALS 6.1. Binder Resin Systems: 6.1.1. Binder Resin SystemBinder resin systems shall be recommended by the manufacturer as
19、 suitable for use on the intended pavement surface and for the potential range of atmospheric exposure. 6.1.2. Prime CoatA primer shall be used before application of the binder resin system when recommended by the manufacturer. 6.1.3. The properly proportioned and mixed binder shall conform to the r
20、equirements of Table 1. See Section 7 for sample preparation and testing procedures. Table 1Physical Requirements of the Binder Resin System Requirements Property Test Method Polymeric Resin MMA Resin Viscosity ASTM D2556 730 P 1220 P Gel time AASHTO M 235M/M 235 10 minutes min 10 minutes min Ultima
21、te tensile strength AASHTO M 235M/M 235 25005000 psi 15005000 psi Elongation at break point AASHTO M 235M/M 235 3070% 3070% Durometer hardness (Shore D) ASTM D2240 6080 4075 Compressive strength ASTM C579 3 h 1000 psi min 1000 psi min 7 days 5000 psi min 2000 psi min Cure rate (dry-through time) AST
22、M D1640 3 h max 3 h max Water absorption AASHTO M 235M/M 235 1% max 1% max Adhesive strength 24 h ASTM D4541 250 psi min or 100% substrate failure 250 psi min or 100% substrate failure 6.1.4. Independent laboratory reports per formulation shall be provided, documenting that the resin binder meets th
23、e requirements of this section. 6.1.5. A sample of the resin binder or components lot/batch shall be supplied upon request. 6.1.5.1. Failure to comply with the specified material properties shall result in rejection of the material lot/batch provided. 6.2. Aggregates: 6.2.1. Calcined bauxite. 6.2.2.
24、 The surface-applied aggregate shall be calcined bauxite that is clean, dry, and free from foreign matter. 6.2.3. The calcined bauxite aggregate shall conform to the physical and chemical requirements of Table 2. See Section 7 for sample preparation and testing procedures. 2016 by the American Assoc
25、iation of State Highway and Transportation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-4c PP 79-4 AASHTO Table 2Physical and Chemical Requirements of the Aggregate Property Test Method Requirements Resistance to Degradation AASHTO T 96 20% max Aggregate Grading AA
26、SHTO T 27 Sieve Designation Mass % Passing No. 4 sieve size 100% min passing No. 6 sieve size 95% min passing No. 16 sieve size 5% max passing Moisture content AASHTO T 255 0.2% max Aluminum oxide ASTM C25 87% min 6.2.4. A sample of the aggregate lot/batch shall be supplied upon request. 7. METHOD O
27、F TESTING 7.1. The binder resin systems tests shall be completed in accordance with the following: 7.1.1. ViscosityASTM D2556. 7.1.1.1. Prepare a 1-Pt sample per manufacturers recommendation and mix for 2 to 3 min before testing. 7.1.1.2. Use ASTM D2556 Appendix X1.1 for spindle selection. 7.1.1.3.
28、Perform testing at a temperature of 73 2F 23 1C. 7.1.2. Gel TimeAASHTO M 235M/M 235. 7.1.2.1. Prepare a 60-g sample per manufacturers recommendation. 7.1.2.2. Perform testing at a temperature of 73 2F 23 1C. 7.1.3. Ultimate Tensile StrengthAASHTO M 235M/M 235. 7.1.3.1. Prepare sample as per manufact
29、urers recommendation. 7.1.3.2. Prepare Type I specimens in accordance with ASTM D638. 7.1.3.3. Cure specimens for 7 days at 73 2F 23 1C and 50 2F 10 1C. 7.1.3.4. Test specimens at 73 2F 23 1C without delay. 7.1.4. Elongation at break pointAASHTO M 235M/M 235. 7.1.4.1. Prepare sample as per manufactu
30、rers recommendation. 7.1.4.2. Prepare Type I specimens in accordance with ASTM D638. 7.1.4.3. Cure specimens for 7 days at 73 2F 23 1C and 50 2F 10 1C. 7.1.4.4. Test specimens at 73 2F 23 1C without delay. 2016 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. All rights res
31、erved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-4c PP 79-5 AASHTO 7.1.5. Durometer HardnessASTM D2240. 7.1.5.1. Prepare sample as per manufacturers recommendation. 7.1.5.2. Use the Type 1 PrecisionT ype D Durometer Method. 7.1.5.3. Cure specimens for 7 days at 73 2F 23 1C and 50 2F 10 1C. 7.1
32、.5.4. Test specimens at 73 2F 23 1C without delay. 7.1.6. Compressive Strength 3 hASTM C579. 7.1.6.1. Prepare sample as per manufacturers recommendation. 7.1.6.2. Prepare specimen according to Method B, 2- 2-in. cube, using 2.75 parts of sand to one part of mixed polymer resin binder by volume. 7.1.
33、6.3. Sand shall meet ASTM C778 for 2030 sand. 7.1.6.4. Cure specimens for 3 h at 73 2F 23 1C and 50 2F 10 1C. 7.1.6.5. Test specimens at 73 2F 23 1C without delay. 7.1.7. Compressive Strength 7 daysASTM C579. 7.1.7.1. Prepare sample as per manufacturers recommendation. 7.1.7.2. Prepare specimen acco
34、rding to Method B, 2- 2-in. cube, using 2.75 parts of sand to one part of mixed polymer resin binder by volume. 7.1.7.3. Sand shall meet the requirements of ASTM C778 for 2030 sand. 7.1.7.4. Cure specimens for 7 days at 73 2F 23 1C and 50 2F 10 1C. 7.1.7.5. Test specimens at 73 2F 23 1C without dela
35、y. 7.1.8. Cure Rate (Dry-Through Time)ASTM D1640. 7.1.8.1. Prepare sample as per manufacturers recommendation. 7.1.8.2. Prepare a specimen of 5055 wet mil thickness. 7.1.8.3. Cure specimens for 3 h max at 73 2F 23 1C and 50 2F 10 1C. 7.1.8.4. Test specimens at 73 2F 23 1C without delay. 7.1.9. Water
36、 AbsorptionAASHTO M 235M/M 235. 7.1.9.1. Prepare sample as per manufacturers recommendation. 7.1.9.2. Cure specimens for 7 days at 73 2F 23 1C and 50 2F 10 1C. 7.1.9.3. Test specimens at 73 2F 23 1C without delay after immersion. 2016 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation O
37、fficials. All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-4c PP 79-6 AASHTO 7.1.10. Adhesive Strength 24 hASTM D4541. 7.1.10.1. Prepare sample as per manufacturers recommendation. 7.1.10.2. Use method D, E, or F with a 2-in. loading fixture. 7.1.10.3. Cure specimens for 24 h at
38、73 2F 23 1C and 50 2F 10 1C. 7.1.10.4. Test specimens at 73 2F 23 1C without delay. 7.2. Aggregates, in accordance with the following: 7.2.1. Resistance to Small Size Coarse Aggregate DegradationAASHTO T 96. Use Grading D from Table 1. 7.2.2. Aggregate GradingAASHTO T 27 7.2.3. Moisture ContentAASHT
39、O T 255 7.2.4. Aluminum Oxide ContentASTM C25, as per Section 15. 8. PACKAGING 8.1. Binder Resin System Packaging: 8.1.1. Binder resin system components shall be packaged in suitable, well-sealed containers clearly labeled as to the type material and the ratio of the components to be mixed by volume
40、. Any special instructions regarding mixing shall be included. 8.1.1.1. The label shall show resin or hardener components, brand name, name of manufacturer, lot or batch number, temperature range for storage, expiration date and the quantity contained therein. 8.1.1.2. Caution warnings regarding con
41、tact of the binder with skin and eyes shall be included on the labels. 8.2. Aggregate Packaging: 8.2.1. All aggregates shall be furnished in appropriate packaging that is clearly labeled and protects the aggregate from any contaminates on the jobsite and from exposure to rain or other moisture. 8.2.
42、1.1. The label shall show the name of the manufacturer and location of processing. 9. MATERIALS CERTIFICATION 9.1. At the request of the purchaser, the manufacturer of the binder resin system shall certify that the binder resin system meets the requirements of this specification. Such certification
43、shall consist of either a copy of the manufacturers test report or a statement by the manufacturer, accompanied by a copy of the current test results, that the binder resin system has been sampled and tested. Such certification shall indicate the date of testing and shall be signed by the manufactur
44、er. 9.2. At the request of the purchaser, the manufacturer of the aggregate shall certify that the aggregate meets the requirements of this specification. Such certification shall consist of either a copy of the manufacturers test report or a statement by the manufacturer, accompanied by a copy of t
45、he 2016 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-4c PP 79-7 AASHTO current test results, that the aggregate has been sampled and tested. Such certification shall indicate the date of testing and sh
46、all be signed by the manufacturer. 9.3. The manufacturer shall maintain and make available upon request complete records of sampling, testing, actions taken to correct problems and quality control inspection results. 10. QUALIFICATION OF INSTALLER 10.1. The installer shall submit a minimum of three
47、projects with the owners contact information on which a cumulative minimum of 10,000 square yards of HFST have been placed within the past 3 years demonstrating a friction reading of 65 FN40R when tested in accordance to T 242. An installer who does not meet this minimum shall be allowed if they are
48、 certified by the manufacturer to install and a manufacturers representative is onsite during all installations. 10.2. Quality Control (QC) PlanThe QC plan shall be project s pecific detailing installers key personnel, equipment, materials, proposed methods of installation, materials blending procedures, and proposed methods of curing. 10.2.1. Key Personnel: 10.2.1.1. Provide contact information for key personnel. 10.2.1.2. Designate a project superintendent who shall have full authority to institute any action necessary for the successful operation of the QC plan. 10.2.
