1、Standard Recommended Practice for Establishing and Implementing a Quality Management System for Construction Materials Testing Laboratories AASHTO Designation: R 18-181Technical Section: 5c, Quality Assurance and Environmental Release: Group 1 (April) American Association of State Highway and Transp
2、ortation Officials 444 North Capitol Street N.W., Suite 249 Washington, D.C. 20001 TS-5c R 18-1 AASHTO Standard Recommended Practice for Establishing and Implementing a Quality Management System for Construction Materials Testing Laboratories AASHTO Designation: R 18-181Technical Section: 5c, Qualit
3、y Assurance and Environmental Release: Group 1 (April) 1. SCOPE 1.1. This document contains criteria and guidelines for establishing and implementing a quality management system (QMS) for use by a construction materials testing (CMT) laboratory. 1.2. The criteria in this document only apply to the f
4、ollowing testing areas: soil, aggregate, asphalt binder, cutback asphalt, emulsified asphalt, asphalt mixtures, hydraulic cement, portland cement concrete, unit masonry, metals, plastic pipe, and sprayed fire-resistive material. 2. REFERENCED DOCUMENTS 2.1. AASHTO Standards: M 92, Wire-Cloth Sieves
5、for Testing Purposes M 152M/M 152, Flow Table for Use in Tests of Hydraulic Cement R 28, Accelerated Aging of Asphalt Binder Using a Pressurized Aging Vessel (PAV) R 39, Standard Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test Specimens in the Laboratory R 59, Recovery of Asphalt Binder from Solution b
6、y Abson Method R 61, Establishing Requirements for Equipment Calibrations, Standardizations, and Checks R 68, Preparation of Asphalt Mixtures by Means of the Marshall Apparatus T 19M/T 19, Bulk Density (“Unit Weight”) and Voids in Aggregate T 22, Compressive Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimen
7、s T 23, Making and Curing Concrete Test Specimens in the Field T 48, Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland Open Cup T 49, Penetration of Bituminous Materials T 50, Float Test for Bituminous Materials T 51, Ductility of Asphalt Materials T 53, Softening Point of Bitumen (Ring-and-Ball Apparatus) T 59, E
8、mulsified Asphalts T 72, Saybolt Viscosity 2018 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-5c R 18-2 AASHTO T 79, Flash Point with Tag Open-Cup Apparatus for Use with Material Having a Flash Point Le
9、ss Than 93C (200F) T 84, Specific Gravity and Absorption of Fine Aggregate T 88, Particle Size Analysis of Soils T 89, Determining the Liquid Limit of Soils T 96, Resistance to Degradation of Small-Size Coarse Aggregate by Abrasion and Impact in the Los Angeles Machine T 98M/T 98, Fineness of Portla
10、nd Cement by the Turbidimeter T 99, MoistureDensity Relations of Soils Using a 2.5-kg (5.5-lb) Rammer and a 305-mm (12-in.) Drop T 100, Specific Gravity of Soils T 104, Soundness of Aggregate by Use of Sodium Sulfate or Magnesium Sulfate T 106M/T 106, Compressive Strength of Hydraulic Cement Mortar
11、(Using 50-mm or 2-in. Cube Specimens) T 119M/T 119, Slump of Hydraulic Cement Concrete T 121M/T 121, Density (Unit Weight), Yield, and Air Content (Gravimetric) of Concrete T 129, Amount of Water Required for Normal Consistency of Hydraulic Cement Paste T 131, Time of Setting of Hydraulic Cement by
12、Vicat Needle T 134, MoistureDensity Relations of SoilCement Mixtures T 135, Wetting-and-Drying Test of Compacted SoilCement Mixtures T 136, Freezing-and-Thawing Tests of Compacted SoilCement Mixtures T 137, Air Content of Hydraulic Cement Mortar T 152, Air Content of Freshly Mixed Concrete by the Pr
13、essure Method T 153, Fineness of Hydraulic Cement by Air Permeability Apparatus T 154, Time of Setting of Hydraulic Cement Paste by Gillmore Needles T 162, Mechanical Mixing of Hydraulic Cement Pastes and Mortars of Plastic Consistency T 167, Compressive Strength of Hot Mix Asphalt T 176, Plastic Fi
14、nes in Graded Aggregates and Soils by Use of the Sand Equivalent Test T 179, Effect of Heat and Air on Asphalt Materials (Thin-Film Oven Test) T 180, MoistureDensity Relations of Soils Using a 4.54-kg (10-lb) Rammer and a 457-mm (18-in.) Drop T 186, Early Stiffening of Hydraulic Cement (Paste Method
15、) T 190, Resistance R-Value and Expansion Pressure of Compacted Soils T 192, Fineness of Hydraulic Cement by the 45-m (No. 325) Sieve T 193, The California Bearing Ratio T 196M/T 196, Air Content of Freshly Mixed Concrete by the Volumetric Method T 201, Kinematic Viscosity of Asphalts (Bitumens) T 2
16、02, Viscosity of Asphalts by Vacuum Capillary Viscometer T 209, Theoretical Maximum Specific Gravity (Gmm) and Density of Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) T 228, Specific Gravity of Semi-Solid Asphalt Materials T 231, Capping Cylindrical Concrete Specimens T 240, Effect of Heat and Air on a Moving Film of Asph
17、alt Binder (Rolling Thin-Film Oven Test) T 245, Resistance to Plastic Flow of Asphalt Mixtures Using Marshall Apparatus T 246, Resistance to Deformation and Cohesion of Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) by Means of Hveem Apparatus 2018 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. A
18、ll rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-5c R 18-3 AASHTO T 247, Preparation of Test Specimens of Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) by Means of California Kneading Compactor T 300, Force Ductility Test of Asphalt Materials T 301, Elastic Recovery Test of Asphalt Materials by Means of
19、a Ductilometer T 308, Determining the Asphalt Binder Content of Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) by the Ignition Method T 312, Preparing and Determining the Density of Asphalt Mixture Specimens by Means of the Superpave Gyratory Compactor T 313, Determining the Flexural Creep Stiffness of Asphalt Binder Using
20、the Bending Beam Rheometer (BBR) T 314, Determining the Fracture Properties of Asphalt Binder in Direct Tension (DT) T 315, Determining the Rheological Properties of Asphalt Binder Using a Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR) T 316, Viscosity Determination of Asphalt Binder Using Rotational Viscometer 2.2.
21、 ASTM Standards: C29/C29M, Standard Test Method for Bulk Density (“Unit Weight”) and Voids in Aggregate C31/C31M, Standard Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test Specimens in the Field C39/C39M, Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens C67, Standard Test
22、Methods for Sampling and Testing Brick and Structural Clay Tile C88, Standard Test Method for Soundness of Aggregates by Use of Sodium Sulfate or Magnesium Sulfate C109/C109M, Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or 50-mm Cube Specimens) C115/C115M,
23、Standard Test Method for Fineness of Portland Cement by the Turbidimeter C128, Standard Test Method for Relative Density (Specific Gravity) and Absorption of Fine Aggregate C131/C131M, Standard Test Method for Resistance to Degradation of Small-Size Coarse Aggregate by Abrasion and Impact in the Los
24、 Angeles Machine C138/C138M, Standard Test Method for Density (Unit Weight), Yield, and Air Content (Gravimetric) of Concrete C143/C143M, Standard Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic-Cement Concrete C173/C173M, Standard Test Method for Air Content of Freshly Mixed Concrete by the Volumetric Method C1
25、85, Standard Test Method for Air Content of Hydraulic Cement Mortar C187, Standard Test Method for Amount of Water Required for Normal Consistency of Hydraulic Cement Paste C191, Standard Test Methods for Time of Setting of Hydraulic Cement by Vicat Needle C192/C192M, Standard Practice for Making an
26、d Curing Concrete Test Specimens in the Laboratory C204, Standard Test Methods for Fineness of Hydraulic Cement by Air-Permeability Apparatus C230/C230M, Standard Specification for Flow Table for Use in Tests of Hydraulic Cement C231/C231M, Standard Test Method for Air Content of Freshly Mixed Concr
27、ete by the Pressure Method C266, Standard Test Method for Time of Setting of Hydraulic-Cement Paste by Gillmore Needles 2018 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-5c R 18-4 AASHTO C305, Standard
28、 Practice for Mechanical Mixing of Hydraulic Cement Pastes and Mortars of Plastic Consistency C430, Standard Test Method for Fineness of Hydraulic Cement by the 45-m (No. 325) Sieve C451, Standard Test Method for Early Stiffening of Hydraulic Cement (Paste Method) C470/C470M, Standard Specification
29、for Molds for Forming Concrete Test Cylinders Vertically C617/C617M, Standard Practice for Capping Cylindrical Concrete Specimens C778, Standard Specification for Standard Sand C1072, Standard Test Methods for Measurement of Masonry Flexural Bond Strength C1506, Standard Test Method for Water Retent
30、ion of Hydraulic Cement-Based Mortars and Plasters D5/D5M, Standard Test Method for Penetration of Bituminous Materials D36/D36M, Standard Test Method for Softening Point of Bitumen (Ring-and-Ball Apparatus) D70, Standard Test Method for Density of Semi-Solid Bituminous Materials (Pycnometer Method)
31、 D88, Standard Test Method for Saybolt Viscosity D92, Standard Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland Open Cup Tester D113, Standard Test Method for Ductility of Bituminous Materials (withdrawn 2016) D139, Standard Test Method for Float Test for Bituminous Materials D244, Standard Test M
32、ethods and Practices for Emulsified Asphalts D422, Standard Test Method for Particle-Size Analysis of Soils (withdrawn 2016) D558, Standard Test Methods for Moisture-Density (Unit Weight) Relations of Soil-Cement Mixtures D559, Standard Test Methods for Wetting and Drying Compacted Soil-Cement Mixtu
33、res (withdrawn 2012) D560, Standard Test Methods for Freezing and Thawing Compacted Soil-Cement Mixtures (withdrawn 2012) D698, Standard Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil Using Standard Effort (12400 ft-lbf/ft3(600 kN-m/m3) D854, Standard Test Methods for Specific Gravit
34、y of Soil Solids by Water Pycnometer D1074, Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Bituminous Mixtures D1557, Standard Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil Using Modified Effort (56,000 ft-lbf/ft3(2,700 kN-m/m3) D1560, Standard Test Methods for Resistance to Defor
35、mation and Cohesion of Bituminous Mixtures by Means of Hveem Apparatus D1561/D1561M, Standard Practice for Preparation of Bituminous Mixture Test Specimens by Means of California Kneading Compactor D1754/D1754M, Standard Test Method for Effects of Heat and Air on Asphaltic Materials (Thin-Film Oven
36、Test) D1856, Standard Test Method for Recovery of Asphalt from Solution by Abson Method D1883, Standard Test Method for CBR (California Bearing Ratio) of Laboratory-Compacted Soils D2041/D2041M, Standard Test Method for Theoretical Maximum Specific Gravity and Density of Bituminous Paving Mixtures D
37、2168, Standard Test Methods for Calibration of Laboratory Mechanical-Rammer Soil Compactors D2170/D2170M, Standard Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Asphalts (Bitumens) 2018 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication is a violatio
38、n of applicable law.TS-5c R 18-5 AASHTO D2171/D2171M, Standard Test Method for Viscosity of Asphalts by Vacuum Capillary Viscometer D2419, Standard Test Method for Sand Equivalent Value of Soils and Fine Aggregate D2844/D2844M, Standard Test Method for Resistance R-Value and Expansion Pressure of Co
39、mpacted Soils D2850, Standard Test Method for Unconsolidated-Undrained Triaxial Compression Test on Cohesive Soils D2872, Standard Test Method for Effect of Heat and Air on a Moving Film of Asphalt (Rolling Thin-Film Oven Test) D3143/D3143M, Standard Test Method for Flash Point of Cutback Asphalt wi
40、th Tag Open-Cup Apparatus D4318, Standard Test Methods for Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit, and Plasticity Index of Soils D4402/D4402M, Standard Test Method for Viscosity Determination of Asphalt at Elevated Temperatures Using a Rotational Viscometer D4753, Standard Guide for Evaluating, Selecting, and
41、Specifying Balances and Standard Masses for Use in Soil, Rock, and Construction Materials Testing D4829, Standard Test Method for Expansion Index of Soils D6084/D6084M, Standard Test Method for Elastic Recovery of Bituminous Materials by Ductilometer D6307, Standard Test Method for Asphalt Content o
42、f Asphalt Mixture by Ignition Method D6521, Standard Practice for Accelerated Aging of Asphalt Binder Using a Pressurized Aging Vessel (PAV) D6648, Standard Test Method for Determining the Flexural Creep Stiffness of Asphalt Binder Using the Bending Beam Rheometer (BBR) D6723, Standard Test Method f
43、or Determining the Fracture Properties of Asphalt Binder in Direct Tension (DT) D6925, Standard Test Method for Preparation and Determination of the Relative Density of Asphalt Mix Specimens by Means of the Superpave Gyratory Compactor D6926, Standard Practice for Preparation of Asphalt Mixture Spec
44、imens Using Marshall Apparatus D6927, Standard Test Method for Marshall Stability and Flow of Asphalt Mixtures D7000, Standard Test Method for Sweep Test of Bituminous Emulsion Surface Treatment Samples D7115, Standard Test Method for Measurement of Superpave Gyratory Compactor (SGC) Internal Angle
45、of Gyration Using Simulated Loading D7175, Standard Test Method for Determining the Rheological Properties of Asphalt Binder Using a Dynamic Shear Rheometer E11-15, Standard Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test Sieves E77, Standard Test Method for Inspection and Verification of The
46、rmometers 3. TERMINOLOGY 3.1. calibrationa process that, under specified conditions, establishes metrological traceability by determining: (1) the relation between the quantity values provided by measurement standards and the corresponding indications from a measuring instrument or system, and (2) t
47、he resulting measurement uncertainty (Note 1). Note 1This definition for calibration and the following definitions for check, standardization, traceability, uncertainty, and verification of calibration are based on the definitions in R 61. 2018 by the American Association of State Highway and Transp
48、ortation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-5c R 18-6 AASHTO 3.1.1. Examplesanalytical balances (measurement instrument) and dynamic shear rheometer (measurement system). 3.1.2. Discussionthe purpose of calibration is to establish the traceability of a measurement. Uncertainty estimates obtained during calibration are used to judge if an instrument is suitable for its intended purpose. There is a need to re-establish traceability or recalibrate only when instrument measurements drift out of control (as determined through verification of cali
