1、Standard Practice for Developing a Quality Assurance Plan for Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) AASHTO Designation: R 42-06 (2016)1,2Release: Group 1 (April 2016) American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials 444 North Capitol Street N.W., Suite 249 Washington, D.C. 20001 TS-5c R 42-1 AASHT
2、O Standard Practice for Developing a Quality Assurance Plan for Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) AASHTO Designation: R 42-06 (2016)1,2 Release: Group 1 (April 2016) 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1. This standard practice presents specific details necessary to effectively control the production and placement of hot mix asp
3、halt (HMA). 1.2. This standard practice may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard practice does not purport to address all of the safety concerns associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard practice to establish appropriate safety an
4、d health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 2. SCOPE 2.1. This standard practice provides the necessary quality assurance plan for control, verification, and acceptance of HMA pavement. It contains requirements for both quality control and acceptance
5、. 2.1.1. This standard practice provides framework for a quality control plan that establishes minimum requirements and activities for a contractors quality control (QC) system related to HMA production and placement. These requirements include a listing of the inspections and tests necessary to sub
6、stantiate material and product conformance to the specifications. The primary method of field quality control employs the use of the Superpave gyratory compactor and evaluation of the volumetric properties of the mix. 2.1.2. This standard practice also provides framework for a plan that establishes
7、acceptance requirements for an agencys assessment and acceptance of an HMA project. 2.2. The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. 3. REFERENCED DOCUMENTS 3.1. AASHTO Standards: M 320, Performance-Graded Asphalt Binder M 323, Superpave Volumetric Mix Design M 332 Performance-
8、Graded Asphalt Binder Using Multiple Stress Creep Recovery (MSCR) Test R 9, Acceptance Sampling Plans for Highway Construction R 10, Definition of Terms Related to Quality and Statistics as Used in Highway Construction R 18, Establishing and Implementing a Quality Management System for Construction
9、Materials Testing Laboratories 2016 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-5c R 42-2 AASHTO R 26, Certifying Suppliers of Performance-Graded Asphalt Binders R 30, Mixture Conditioning of Hot Mix
10、Asphalt (HMA) R 35, Superpave Volumetric Design for Asphalt Mixtures R 46, Designing Stone Matrix Asphalt (SMA) R 66, Sampling Asphalt Materials T 2, Sampling of Aggregates T 27, Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse Aggregates T 30, Mechanical Analysis of Extracted Aggregate T 164, Quantitative Extract
11、ion of Asphalt Binder from Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) T 166, Bulk Specific Gravity (Gmb) of Compacted Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) Using Saturated Surface-Dry Specimens T 168, Sampling Bituminous Paving Mixtures T 176, Plastic Fines in Graded Aggregates and Soils by Use of the Sand Equivalent Test T 209, Theore
12、tical Maximum Specific Gravity (Gmm) and Density of Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) T 248, Reducing Samples of Aggregate to Testing Size T 255, Total Evaporable Moisture Content of Aggregate by Drying T 283, Resistance of Compacted Asphalt Mixtures to Moisture-Induced Damage T 287, Asphalt Binder Content of A
13、sphalt Mixtures by the Nuclear Method T 304, Uncompacted Void Content of Fine Aggregate T 308, Determining the Asphalt Binder Content of Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) by the Ignition Method T 312, Preparing and Determining the Density of Asphalt Mixtures Specimens by Means of the Superpave Gyratory Compacto
14、r T 316, Viscosity Determination of Asphalt Binder Using Rotational Viscometer 3.2. ASTM Standards: C702/C702M, Standard Practice for Reducing Samples of Aggregate to Testing Size D8, Standard Terminology Relating to Materials for Roads and Pavements D2950/D2950M, Standard Test Method for Density of
15、 Bituminous Concrete in Place by Nuclear Methods D3665, Standard Practice for Random Sampling of Construction Materials D3666, Standard Specification for Minimum Requirements for Agencies Testing and Inspecting Road and Paving Materials D4791, Standard Test Method for Flat Particles, Elongated Parti
16、cles, or Flat and Elongated Particles in Coarse Aggregate D5361/F5361M, Standard Practice for Sampling Compacted Bituminous Mixtures for Laboratory Testing D5821, Standard Test Method for Determining the Percentage of Fractured Particles in Coarse Aggregate E29, Standard Practice for Using Significa
17、nt Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications E105, Standard Practice for Probability Sampling of Materials E122, Standard Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate, With Specified Precision, the Average for a Characteristic of a Lot or Process E141, Standard Practice fo
18、r Acceptance of Evidence Based on the Results of Probability Sampling 2016 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-5c R 42-3 AASHTO 4. TERMINOLOGY 4.1. The terminology used in this standard is in
19、accordance with R 10 unless otherwise specified. 4.2. hot mix asphalt (HMA)a mixture of aggregate and asphalt binder produced from an HMA plant. 4.3. design mix formula (DMF)the single point target value for percent passing designated sieve sizes and volumetric properties developed in the laboratory
20、 before the start of production. 4.4. job mix formula (JMF)the single point target value for percent passing designated sieve sizes and volumetric properties established after the initial production process to be used by the contractor for production quality control. 4.5. performance-graded asphalt
21、binder (PGAB)an asphalt-based cement that is produced from petroleum residue either with or without the addition of nonparticulate organic modifiers graded to temperature regimes and performance. 4.6. quality assurance (QA)planned and systematic actions necessary to provide confidence that a product
22、 is in conformance with agency plans and specifications. It contains both QC and acceptance as two separate functions. 4.7. quality control (QC)planned and systematic actions and considerations to control the level of quality being produced. 4.8. QC planproject-specific plan that identifies methods
23、of sampling, testing, calibration, QC monitoring, construction controls, paving plans, process balancing, and overall operations. 4.9. acceptancesampling, testing, and assessment of test results to determine whether produced material and construction operation are in conformance with agency plans an
24、d specifications. 4.10. independent assurance program (IAP)program developed by the agency to evaluate personnel and equipment used in the acceptance process on a project or system-wide basis. 4.11. agencystate highway agency or owner of the roadway. 4.12. Definitions of many common terms relating t
25、o HMA are contained in ASTM D8. 4.13. Definitions of terms used in reference to other Standards are as defined therein. 4.14. Definitions of terms used in mathematical expressions are as generally used in standard practice. Unique terms are defined in the section containing the first presentation of
26、 such terms. 5. SUMMARY 5.1. This standard presents a procedure containing minimum requirements for QC and QA plans applicable to the production, placement, and acceptance of HMA. It incorporates the use of other available standards, which are appropriate to the accomplishment of this task. The requ
27、irements allow tailoring to accommodate the needs of an individual agency. 6. SIGNIFICANCE AND USE 6.1. Quality cannot be tested nor inspected into an HMA pavement. It must be built in through the implementation of properly designed QC and acceptance plans. The contractor should have a 2016 by the A
28、merican Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-5c R 42-4 AASHTO properly designed quality control plan and the agency should have a properly designed acceptance plan. The design and use of the plans is a critica
29、l step toward the successful manufacture, placement, and performance of HMA pavements. 6.2. This standard is used to aid in the completion of tasks noted in Sections 6.2.1 and 6.2.2. 6.2.1. Implementation of a QC plan for a contractor(s). 6.2.2. Implementation of an acceptance plan for an agency. 6.
30、3. QC and acceptance plans conforming to this standard practice are applicable to HMA pavement construction projects. If an inconsistency exists between the contract documents and either plan, the contract documents should govern. 7. APPARATUS 7.1. Laboratory Requirements: 7.1.1. Personal safety equ
31、ipment required by the laboratory or OSHA for work in the HMA design and testing areas. 7.1.2. Apparatus as required by referenced standards for this standard practice. 7.1.3. All other laboratory apparatus needed to control the quality of HMA production and placement in accordance with project spec
32、ifications. 7.2. Field Requirements: 7.2.1. Personal safety equipment required by the field organization or OSHA. 7.2.2. Field apparatus listed in standards referenced as requirements in this standard practice. 7.2.3. All other field apparatus needed to control the quality of HMA production and plac
33、ement in accordance with project specifications. 7.3. Apparatus required in Sections 7.1 and 7.2 should be furnished in the quantity necessary to assure that the materials and products used can be shown to conform to the HMA specification requirements without undue delay of the production and placem
34、ent process. 7.4. Additional apparatus required for use by agency representatives for verification and acceptance activities should be provided by the agency unless otherwise specified. 8. STANDARDIZATION 8.1. Agency and contractor laboratories conducting work should satisfactorily participate in th
35、e AASHTO Materials Reference Laboratory (AMRL) proficiency sample program and should also be AMRL inspected. Alternately, a non-AASHTO laboratory qualification program that meets the same requirements could be used. Inspections or tests not covered by AMRL should comply with the applicable requireme
36、nts of R 18 and ASTM D3666. 8.1.1. All apparatus should be calibrated, and the calibration verified at established intervals, relevant to AASHTO, ASTM, or agency standards. 2016 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation
37、 of applicable law.TS-5c R 42-5 AASHTO 8.2. Sampling and testing personnel should be qualified through procedures developed by the agency for obtaining samples, processing samples, inspection of work, operation of testing equipment, and test equipment validation. 8.3. Verify the calibration of the n
38、uclear density gauge(s) using ASTM D2950/D2950M or another system approved by the agency. 8.4. Records demonstrating compliance with the equipment, personnel, and QC requirements should be available during construction for agency review. 9. FUNCTIONS AND RESPONSIBILITIES ON HMA PROJECTS 9.1. Agency:
39、 9.1.1. The agency should review and approve HMA volumetric mix designs proposed by the contractor and assess the adequacy of the contractors QC plans. A reasonable time for review should be specified. The agency or a representative of the agency is responsible for all acceptance testing. 9.2. Contr
40、actor: 9.2.1. The contractor should be responsible for the development and formulation of the DMF using M 323, R 35, and T 312, which should be submitted to the agency for approval. The contractor should be responsible for the QC of all materials during the handling, blending, mixing, and placing op
41、erations. In addition, contractor tests may be used in the acceptance decision when a contractor acceptance program is developed by the agency in accordance with Section 14.5. 10. SAMPLING 10.1. Initial Production Samples: 10.1.1. The contractor and the agency should obtain samples of HMA from plant
42、-produced materials in accordance with T 168 and the applicable procedures contained in Section 12.3 and Appendix X1. Samples should be reduced to testing size in accordance with T 248 or ASTM C702/C702M. Procedures for oven conditioning or reheating of samples should be established. 10.1.2. The con
43、tractor and the agency should select sample locations on the control strip in accordance with Section 12.3 and Appendix X1. These locations are used for in-place density testing. 10.2. Mix Production Samples: 10.2.1. The contractor should obtain samples for QC in accordance with T 168, using a strat
44、ified random sampling plan in accordance with Section 13.3 for determining lot sizes and Appendix X1 or ASTM D3665 for sample location. Samples should be reduced to testing size in accordance with T 248 or ASTM C702/C702M. 10.2.2. The agency should obtain samples for acceptance in accordance with T
45、168, using a stratified random sampling plan in accordance with Section 13.3 for determining lot sizes and Appendix X1 or ASTM D3665 for sample location. Samples should be reduced to testing size in accordance with T 248 or ASTM C702/C702M. 2016 by the American Association of State Highway and Trans
46、portation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-5c R 42-6 AASHTO 10.3. Sample Locations for In-Place Coring or Testing: 10.3.1. The agency representative should select in-place sample locations in accordance with Section 13.3 for determining lot sizes, Appen
47、dix X1 for sample location, and when cores are required, ASTM D5361/D5361M for sampling. Note 1In addition to the random number tables in Appendix X1, ASTM D3665 also contains a table of random numbers, including instructions for use. R 9 and ASTM E105, E122, and E141 contain additional information
48、concerning sampling practices. 11. MATERIAL REQUIREMENTS 11.1. Performance-Graded Asphalt Binder: 11.1.1. PGAB should conform to the requirements of M 320. 11.1.2. Quality control of PGAB from all suppliers should be in accordance with R 26 or other programs approved by the agency. 11.2. Aggregates:
49、 11.2.1. The agency should develop a testing program to ensure that aggregates meet specification requirements. The contractors QC plan should include, as a minimum, discussion on the proposed processing, transportation, stockpiling, and plant charging operations. 12. FIELD ADJUSTMENT OF THE DMF 12.1. Summary: 12.1.1. During initial plant start-up, adjustments may be made during the initial lot production to assure the plant-produced HMA will meet the design requirements. 12.1.2. The contract
