1、Standard Practice for Quantifying Roughness of Pavements AASHTO Designation: R 43-13 American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials 444 North Capitol Street N.W., Suite 249 Washington, D.C. 20001 TS-5a R 43-1 AASHTO Standard Practice for Quantifying Roughness of Pavements AASHTO
2、Designation: R 43-13 1. SCOPE 1.1. This standard practice describes a method for estimating roughness for a pavement section. An International Roughness Index (IRI) statistic is calculated from a single longitudinal profile measured with a road profiler in both the inside and outside wheelpaths of t
3、he pavement. The average of these two IRI statistics (Mean Roughness Index, MRI) is reported as the roughness of the pavement section. 1.2. This standard practice recognizes the need for a quality assurance (QA) plan and proposes guidelines for the development of a QA plan. 1.3. Measurements of prof
4、ile are made in accordance with ASTM E950/E950M. If any part of this standard practice is in conflict with its referenced documents, such as ASTM standards or other AASHTO standards, this standard practice takes precedence for its purpose. 1.4. This standard practice does not purport to address all
5、of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard practice to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations related to and prior to its use. 2. REFERENCED DOCUMENTS 2.1. AASHTO
6、Standard: R 56, Certification of Inertial Profiling Systems 2.2. ASTM Standards: E867, Standard Terminology Relating to Vehicle-Pavement Systems E950/E950M, Standard Test Method for Measuring the Longitudinal Profile of Traveled Surfaces with an Accelerometer Established Inertial Profiling Reference
7、 E1166, Standard Guide for Network Level Pavement Management E1926, Standard Practice for Computing International Roughness Index of Roads from Longitudinal Profile Measurements E2560, Standard Specification for Data Format for Pavement Profile 2.3. Other Document: Sayers, M. W. “On the Calculation
8、of IRI from Longitudinal Road Profile.” Transportation Research Record 1501, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, Washington, DC, 1995, pp. 112. 2016 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of app
9、licable law.TS-5a R 43-2 AASHTO 3. TERMINOLOGY 3.1. Definitions: 3.1.1. roughnessaccording to ASTM E867, the deviation of a surface from a true planar surface with characteristic dimensions that affect vehicle dynamics and ride quality. In this standard practice, the term “roughness” is the average
10、of two IRI statistics (MRI) calculated from longitudinal profile measurements, one in each pavement wheelpath. 3.1.2. longitudinal profilea two-dimensional slice of the roadway surface taken along the travel direction, such as along the wheelpath. It represents the perpendicular deviations of the pa
11、vement surface from an established reference plane parallel to the horizontal. 3.1.3. International Roughness Index (IRI)a statistic used to estimate the amount of roughness in a measured longitudinal profile. The IRI is computed from a single longitudinal profile using a quarter-car simulation (Say
12、ers 1995). A computer program to calculate the IRI statistic from a longitudinal profile is included in ASTM E1926. 4. SIGNIFICANCE AND USE 4.1. This standard practice outlines standard procedures for measuring longitudinal profile and calculating the IRI for highway pavement surfaces to help produc
13、e consistent estimations of IRI for network-level pavement management. 5. QUALITY ASSURANCE 5.1. Agencies using this standard practice are required to develop a satisfactory quality assurance (QA) plan. At a minimum, the plan shall include the requirements listed in the following sections: 5.1.1. Qu
14、alification and training records of individuals conducting the survey; 5.1.2. Accuracy, repeatability, and calibration records of equipment used in the survey; and 5.1.3. Periodic and ongoing quality control program and the content of the program. Note 1The estimate of roughness of pavements can be
15、used both at network- and project-level pavement management. Guidelines for network level are included in ASTM E1166, which can be used as a source for the development of a QA plan. Note 2The guidelines that can be used for the development of a quality assurance plan are given in Appendix X2. 6. DAT
16、A COLLECTION 6.1. Agencies using this standard practice are expected to designate the lane(s) and direction(s) of travel to be surveyed based on sound engineering principles and management needs within the agency. 6.2. Locate (place) the two height sensors, separated approximately 65 to 71 in. in th
17、e wheelpaths. The longitudinal profile points used for calculating the IRI shall have a longitudinal spacing not greater than 2 in. Long-wavelength filters are used to remove all wavelengths exceeding 300 ft. 2016 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. All rights
18、reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-5a R 43-3 AASHTO Note 3The use of anti-aliasing filters and averaging to remove small wavelength content that do not affect the IRI from the profile is left to the discretion of the agency and equipment manufacturers. Note 4For agencies consi
19、dering procuring a profiler that will be used for additional applications, it is suggested that the longitudinal spacing of profile points be not greater than 1 in. 7. CALCULATIONS 7.1. Calculate IRI values for each 0.1 mile for both wheelpaths. Compute an average of the two IRI values (MRI) to dete
20、rmine roughness. Note 5The tenth-of-a-mile values are needed to calculate average values for each data collection section. 8. REPORT 8.1. Report the following information: 8.1.1. Roughness calculated in Section 7.1 to the nearest inch per mile; and 8.1.2. Length of the data summary interval, typical
21、ly 0.1 mile. 8.2. Report the following minimum data recorded and stored for each section: 8.2.1. Section IdentificationList all available information necessary to locate the section using agencys current referencing system; 8.2.2. IRI for each of the two wheelpaths for the section, in./mile; 8.2.3.
22、Average of both IRIs (MRI) calculated for the section, in./mile; 8.2.4. Date of data collection, month/day/year; 8.2.5. Length of section in miles for which the data are collected; 8.2.6. Profile data recording interval, in.; 8.2.7. Long wavelength filter setting, ft; and 8.2.8. OptionalPavement sur
23、face temperature. 9. KEYWORDS 9.1. Inertial profiler; International Roughness Index; longitudinal pavement profile; pavement; pavement ride quality; pavement smoothness; roughness. 10. REFERENCES 10.1. AASHTO Standards: M 328, Inertial Profiler R 57, Operating Inertial Profiling Systems 2016 by the
24、American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-5a R 43-4 AASHTO 10.2. Other Document: Sayers, M. W., T. D. Gillespie, and W. D. O. Paterson. “Guidelines for Conducting and Calibrating Road Roughness Measurement
25、s.” The World Bank Technical Paper, Number 46. The World Bank, 1986. APPENDIXES (Nonmandatory Information) X1. CALCULATION OF IRI FROM PROFILE X1.1. The computer code for a Fortran program that calculates IRI is included in ASTM E1926. X1.2. The Profile Viewer and Analysis (ProVAL) software is an ap
26、plication for viewing and analyzing pavement profiles, which was developed under the auspices of the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA). This software is available free of charge at http:/. X1.2.1. This software includes a routine for calculating IRI. Native data files containing profile data col
27、lected by several equipment manufacturers can be directly imported into ProVAL. In addition, data files conforming to the following formats can be imported into ProVAL: (1) ERD format, which is a file format developed by the Engineering Research Division of the University of Michigan Transportation
28、Research Institute, (2) Pavement Profile Standard Data File format, which is described in ASTM E2560. X2. GUIDELINESQUALITY ASSURANCE PLAN X2.1. Quality Assurance (QA) PlanEach agency shall develop a QA plan. The plan shall include survey personnel certification training records, accuracy and repeat
29、ability of equipment, daily quality control (QC) procedures, and periodic and ongoing QC activities. The following guidelines can be used for developing such a plan. X2.2. Certification and TrainingAgencies are individually responsible for training and/or certifying their data collection personnel a
30、nd contractors for proficiency in using the profile measuring equipment according to this standard practice and other applicable agency procedures. The agencies should also implement a certification program to certify profilers at least annually to ensure repeatability and accuracy of the equipment.
31、 AASHTO Standard R 56 describes procedures for the certification of profilers. X2.3. Equipment CalibrationEquipment calibration (accelerometers, noncontact sensors, and distance measuring instrument) is done in accordance with specific manufacturer recommendations. The equipment must operate within
32、the manufacturers specifications. A regular maintenance and testing program is established for the equipment in accordance with the manufacturers recommendations. X2.4. Verifications SectionsVerifications sections are selected with known IRI statistics for both wheelpaths. These sections are measure
33、d by equipment operators on a regular basis. Evaluations of these measurements can provide information about the accuracy of field measurements and give insight into needed equipment calibration. Verification sections are rotated on a regular basis in order to assure that the operators are not repea
34、ting previously known IRI statistics during the verification. An alternate to verification sections is to remeasure and compare up to 5 percent of the data as a daily or weekly quality check to ensure system stability and repeatability. 2016 by the American Association of State Highway and Transport
35、ation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-5a R 43-5 AASHTO X2.5. Quality ChecksAdditional quality checks can be made by comparing the most recent IRI statistics with current measurements. At locations where large changes occur, the pavement manager may require additional checks of the data. 2016 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.
