1、Standard Method of Test for Moisture or Volatile Distillates in Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) AASHTO Designation: T 110-03 (2011)1ASTM Designation: D1461-85(2006) American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials 444 North Capitol Street N.W., Suite 249 Washington, D.C. 20001 TS-2c T 110-1
2、AASHTO Standard Method of Test for Moisture or Volatile Distillates in Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) AASHTO Designation: T 110-03 (2011)1ASTM Designation: D1461-85(2006) 1. SCOPE 1.1. This method is intended for the determination, by direct measurement, of moisture or volatile fractions of the bitumen in ho
3、t mix asphalt (HMA). 1.2. The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. 1.3. This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the use
4、r of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 2. REFERENCED DOCUMENTS 2.1. AASHTO Standard: T 168, Sampling Bituminous Paving Mixtures 3. SIGNIFICANCE AND USE 3.1. This method is used for determining ei
5、ther the amount of moisture or the amount of volatile petroleum distillates in HMA. 4. APPARATUS 4.1. Metal StillA vertical cylindrical still, as illustrated in Figure 1, having a faced flange at the top to which the head is tightly attached by means of a clamp. The head shall be made of metal and p
6、rovided with a tubulation 25.4 mm (1 in.) in inside diameter. 2015 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-2c T 110-2 AASHTO Figure 1Metal Still Note 1Still diameters of up to 127 mm (5 in.) may be
7、 used if required to accommodate larger samples. 4.2. CondenserOf the water-cooled reflux glass-tube type, having a condenser jacket not less than 400 mm (15.75 in.) long, with an inner tube 9.5 to 12.7 mm (0.375 to 0.50 in.) in outside diameter. The end of the condenser inserted in the receiver sha
8、ll be ground off at an angle of 30 degrees from the vertical axis of the condenser or otherwise configured to fit the receiver. For mixtures with very volatile solvents, it may be necessary to supplement this water-cooled condenser with a second water-cooled condenser of approximately the same dimen
9、sions. 4.3. ReceiverMade of well-annealed glass, of one of the following types depending upon the purpose of the test: 4.3.1. For determination of water in HMA, a glass receiver of 10- or 25-mL capacity shall be used. The receiver shall be graduated in 0.1-mL divisions with a 0.05-mL maximum error b
10、elow 1 mL and in 0.2-mL divisions with a 0.1-mL maximum error above 1 mL as specified in Table 1 and Figures 2, 3, 4, and 5. Receivers with tapered or ball-bottom vapor tube ends require adaptors for connection to the metal still. 4.3.2. For determination of the volatile fractions of the HMA, the re
11、ceiver shall conform to the dimensions shown in Figure 6. 2015 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-2c T 110-3 AASHTO Table 1Description of Receivers Style Description Figure Size of Receiver, m
12、L Range, mL Smallest Scale Division, mL Maximum Scale Error, mL Top of Graduated Tube Bottom of Graduated Tube Bottom of Vapor Tube 0 to 1.0 0.1 0.05 A joint conical joint 2 10 Over 1.0 to 10.0 0.2 0.1 B joint conical joint 3 C joint conical plain 4 0 to 1.0 0.1 0.05 D plain conical plain 5 25 Over
13、1.0 to 25 0.2 0.1 5 0 to 5.0 0.1 0.05 E joint round joint 6 10 0 to 10.0 0.1 0.1 4.4. SolventFor general use, an aromatic solvent is preferred because it has high solvency and dispersing power for most asphalt materials. Xylene, or a blend of 20 percent toluene and 80 percent xylene, is recommended.
14、 For asphalts and similar petroleum products, a petroleum distillate, 5 percent boiling between 90 and 100C (194 and 212F), and 90 percent distilling below 210C (410F), may be used. For coal tar, water-gas tar, and similar materials, an aromatic solvent must be used. 4.5. Heating DeviceAny satisfact
15、ory source of heat capable of maintaining a rate of distillation of 85 to 95 drops per minute. 5. SAMPLING 5.1. Sampling shall be performed in accordance with T 168. 5.2. The sample shall be representative of the material and of such size as practical to fill the container in which it is transported
16、 to the laboratory. For duplicate tests, a 2-L (1/2-gal) friction-top tin pail full of material would be satisfactory. 2015 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-2c T 110-4 AASHTO Note: All dimen
17、sions shown in millimeters unless otherwise noted. Figure 2Receivers (Style A) Note: All dimensions shown in millimeters unless otherwise noted. Figure 3Receivers (Style B) 2015 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation
18、of applicable law.TS-2c T 110-5 AASHTO Note: All dimensions shown in millimeters unless otherwise noted. Figure 4Receivers (Style C) Note: All dimensions shown in millimeters unless otherwise noted. Figure 5Receivers (Style D) 2015 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Offi
19、cials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-2c T 110-6 AASHTO Note: All dimensions are shown in millimeters unless otherwise noted. Figure 6Apparatus for Determining Volatile Distillates 6. TEST SPECIMEN AND SAMPLE 6.1. Thoroughly mix the sample, and weigh out an amoun
20、t estimated to yield a percentage of moisture or diluent within the capacity of the receiver calibration. Keep the remainder of the sample in its tightly covered container. The weighed sample should not be less than 500 g for normal mixtures. Thoroughly break up this sample to avoid large lumps, and
21、 place it in the still. 7. PROCEDURE FOR DETERMINATION OF MOISTURE 7.1. After the sample has been placed in the still, add 200 mL of the solvent, and quickly stir it into the sample. 2015 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a
22、violation of applicable law.TS-2c T 110-7 AASHTO 7.2. Assemble the components of the apparatus as illustrated in Figure 7, choosing the receiver in accordance with the expected water content of the sample and making all connections vapor-tight and liquid-tight. Insert a gasket of heavy paper, moiste
23、ned with water, between the still body and cover. The condenser tube and receiver must be chemically clean to assure free drainage of water into the bottom of the trap. Insert a loose cotton plug in the top of the condenser to prevent condensation of atmospheric moisture inside it. Circulate cold wa
24、ter through the jacket of the condenser. Figure 7Typical Assembly for Determining Moisture Content 7.3. Apply heat at such a rate that refluxing will start within 5 to 10 min, after the heat has been applied, and the condensed solvent will drip into the receiver at a rate of 85 to 95 drops per minut
25、e. Continue the distillation until three successive readings of the receiver at 15-min intervals 2015 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-2c T 110-8 AASHTO show no increase in the amount of wat
26、er being condensed, except that in no case shall distillation continue for more than 1.5 h. 7.4. Allow the contents of the receiver to reach room temperature, and read the volume of water in the receiver to the nearest scale division. Record the volume of water, and calculate the percentage by mass
27、of the sample taken as described in Section 9.1. 8. PROCEDURE FOR DETERMINATION OF VOLATILE DISTILLATES 8.1. After the sample has been placed in the still, add 350 mL of water and approximately 3 g of sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), and quickly stir it into the sample. Firmly attach the still cover, and
28、assemble the receiver and condenser in the manner prescribed in Section 7.2, except that the gasket should be moistened with a solvent and the trap used shall be the dilution trap specified in Section 7. 8.2. Apply heat at such a rate that the water and solvent will begin to reflux 5 to 10 min after
29、 the heat has been applied and will drip from the condenser at the rate of 85 to 95 drops per minute. In case the sample contains a large amount of very volatile solvent, it may be necessary to add a second water-cooled condenser above the first one or reduce the rate of distillation somewhat to pre
30、vent escape of the solvent. 8.3. Continue distillation until three successive readings of the upper and lower levels of the diluent at 15-min intervals show no increase in the quantity being collected. Then remove the source of heat, and allow the apparatus to stand for 0.5 h to permit the solvent t
31、o cool and separate. 8.4. Record the volume of diluent in the receiver to the nearest scale division, and calculate the percentage by mass of the sample taken as described in Section 9.2. Use the specific gravity of the diluent at 25C (77F). Note 2Assume the specific gravity of diluent based on know
32、ledge of diluent type or values in the range of 0.85 to 0.90. This range defines only volatiles that are obtained at the maximum test temperature. 9. CALCULATION 9.1. Calculate the moisture content as follows: moisture, % 100= AB(1) where: A = the volume of water in the receiver (mL); and B = the ma
33、ss of the sample (g). 9.2. Calculate the volatile distillate as follows: volatile distillates, % 100=DCE(2) where: C = the volume of diluent in the receiver (mL); D = the specific gravity of the diluent at 25C (77F); and E = the mass of the sample (g). 2015 by the American Association of State Highw
34、ay and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-2c T 110-9 AASHTO 10. REPORT 10.1. Report the moisture content as the mass percent of water content in accordance with Section 9.1. 10.2. Report the volatile distillates as the mass percent of diluen
35、t content in accordance with Section 9.2. 11. PRECISION 11.1. Precision for Determination of MoistureThe following criteria should be used for judging the acceptability of results (95-percent probability) when using the 10-mL or 25-mL receivers. 11.1.1. RepeatabilityDuplicate determinations of water
36、 by the same operator should be considered suspect if they differ by more than the following amounts: Water Collected 01.0 mL 0.1 mL 1.125 mL 0.1 mL or 2% of the mean, whichever is greater 11.1.2. ReproducibilityThe results submitted by each of two laboratories should be considered suspect if they d
37、iffer by more than the following amounts: Water Collected 01.0 mL 0.2 mL 1.125 mL 0.2 mL or 10% of the mean, whichever is greater 11.2. Precision for Determination of Volatile DistillatesThe precision of this method is obtained by statistical examination or interlaboratory test results as follows: 1
38、1.2.1. RepeatabilityDuplicate determinations of volatile distillates by the same operator should be considered suspect if the volumes differ by more than 0.6 percent. 11.2.2. ReproducibilityThe results submitted by each of two laboratories should be considered suspect if the volumes differ by more than 1.4 percent. 1Similar but not identical to ASTM D1461-85(2006). 2015 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.
