1、Standard Method of Test for Density of Hydraulic Cement AASHTO Designation: T 133-16 Release: Group 1 (April 2016) ASTM Designation: C188-14 American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials 444 North Capitol Street N.W., Suite 249 Washington, D.C. 20001 TS-3a T 133-1 AASHTO Standar
2、d Method of Test for Density of Hydraulic Cement AASHTO Designation: T 133-16 Release: Group 1 (April 2016) ASTM Designation: C188-14 1. SCOPE 1.1. This method covers determination of the density of hydraulic cement. Its particular usefulness is in connection with the design and control of concrete
3、mixtures. 1.2. The density of hydraulic cement is defined as the mass of a unit volume of the solids. 1.3. The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. WarningFresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause
4、 chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure. 1.4. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applica
5、bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. 2. REFERENCED DOCUMENTS 2.1. AASHTO Standard: T 105, Chemical Analysis of Hydraulic Cement 2.2. ASTM Standard: C670, Standard Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements for Test Methods for Construction Materials 3. TERMINOLOGY 3.1. Definition
6、sFor definitions of terms used in this test method, refer to ASTM C125. 4. SIGNIFICANCE AND USE 4.1. This test method provides a procedure for the determination of density of hydraulic cement samples using non-instrumental techniques. 5. APPARATUS 5.1. Le Chatelier Flaskthe standard flaskIs circular
7、 in cross section with shape and dimensions conforming essentially to Figure 1 (see Note 1). The requirements in regard to tolerance, 2016 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-3a T 133-2 AASHTO
8、inscription and length, spacing, and uniformity of graduation will be rigidly observed. There shall be a space of at least 10 mm between the highest graduation mark and the lowest point of grinding for the glass stopper. Note 1The design is intended to ensure complete drainage of the flask when empt
9、ied and stability of standing on a level surface as well as accuracy and precision of reading. Notes: 1. All dimensions shown in millimeters unless otherwise noted. 2. Variations of a few millimeters in such dimensions as total height of flask, diameter of base, etc., are to be expected and will not
10、 be considered sufficient cause for rejection. The dimensions of the flask shown in Figure 1 apply only to new flasks and not to flasks in use which meet the other requirements of this test method. Figure 1Le Chatelier Flask for Density Test 5.1.1. The material of construction shall be best quality
11、glass, transparent and free of striae. The glass shall be chemically resistant and shall have small thermal hysteresis. The flasks shall be thoroughly annealed before being graduated. They shall be of sufficient thickness to ensure reasonable resistance to breakage. 5.1.2. The neck shall be graduate
12、d from 0 to 1 mL and from 18 to 24 mL in 0.1-mL graduations. The error of any indicated capacity shall not be greater than 0.05 mL. 5.1.3. Each flask shall bear a permanent identification number and the stopper, if not interchangeably ground, shall bear the same number. Interchangeable ground-glass
13、parts shall be marked on both members with the standard-taper symbol, followed by the size designation. The standard temperature shall be indicated, and the unit of capacity shall be shown by the letters “mL” placed above the highest graduation mark. 5.2. Kerosene, free of water, or naphtha, having
14、a density greater than 0.7391 mL at 23 2C shall be used in the density determination. 2016 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-3a T 133-3 AASHTO 5.3. The use of alternative equipment or methods
15、 for determining density is permitted provided that a single operator can obtain results within 0.03 g/cm3of the results obtained using the flask method. 6. PROCEDURE 6.1. Determine the density of cement on the material as received, unless otherwise specified. If the density determination on a loss-
16、free sample is required, first ignite the sample as described in the test for loss on ignition in Section 18 of T 105. 6.2. Fill the flask (see Note 2) with either of the liquids specified in Section 5.2 to a point on the stem between zero and the 1-mL mark. Dry the inside of the flask above the lev
17、el of the liquid, if necessary, after pouring. Record the first reading after the flask has been immersed in the water bath (see Note 3) in accordance with Section 6.4. Note 2It is advisable to use a rubber pad on the table top when filling or rolling the flask. Note 3Before the cement has been adde
18、d to the flask, a loose-fitting, lead-ring weight around the stem of the flask will be helpful in holding the flask in an upright position in the water bath, or the flask may be held in the water bath by a buret clamp. 6.3. Introduce a quantity of cement, weighed to the nearest 0.05 g (about 64 g fo
19、r portland cement) in small increments at the same temperature as the liquid (see Note 2). Take care to avoid splashing and make sure the cement does not adhere to the inside of the flask above the liquid. A vibrating apparatus may be used to accelerate the introduction of the cement into the flask
20、and prevent the cement from sticking to the neck. After all the cement has been introduced, place the stopper in the flask and roll the flask in an inclined position (see Note 2), or gently whirl it in a horizontal circle to free the entrapped air from the cement until no further air bubbles rise to
21、 the surface of the liquid. If a proper amount of cement has been added, the level of the liquid will be in its final position at some point of the upper series of graduations. Take the final reading after the flask has been immersed in the water bath in accordance with Section 6.4. 6.4. Immerse the
22、 flask in a constant-temperature water bath for sufficient periods of time to avoid flask-temperature variations greater than 0.2C between the initial and final readings. 7. CALCULATION 7.1. The difference between the first and final readings represents the volume of liquid displaced by the mass of
23、cement used in the test. 7.2. Calculate the cement density, p, as follows (see Notes 4 to 6): p = M/V where: p = density of cement, g/cm3, M = mass of cement, g, and V = displaced volume of liquid, cm3Note 4The displaced volume in milliliters is numerically equal to the displaced volume in cubic cen
24、timeters. Note 5Density in megagrams per cubic meter (Mg/m3) is numerically equal to grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm3). Calculate the cement density, p, to three decimal places and round to the nearest 0.01 g/cm3. Note 6In connection with proportioning and control of concrete mixtures, density may
25、be more usefully expressed as specific gravity, the latter being a dimensionless number. Calculate the specific gravity as follows: 2016 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-3a T 133-4 AASHTO Sp
26、 gr = cement density/water density at 4C where the density of water at 4C 1 g/cm3. 8. PRECISION AND BIAS 8.1. The single-operator standard deviation for portland cements has been found to be 0.012.1Therefore, the results of two properly conducted tests by the same operator on the same material shoul
27、d not differ by more than 0.03.18.2. The multilaboratory standard deviation for portland cements has been found to be 0.037.1 Therefore, the results of two properly conducted tests from two different laboratories on samples of the same cement should not differ by more than 0.10.18.3. Because there i
28、s no accepted reference material suitable for determining any bias that may be associated with T 133, no statement on bias is being made. 9. KEYWORDS 9.1. Density; hydraulic cement; specific gravity. 1These numbers represent 1s and d2s limits described in ASTM C670. 2016 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.
