1、Standard Method of Test for Time of Setting of Hydraulic Cement Paste by Gillmore Needles AASHTO Designation: T 154-181Technical Section: 3a, Hydraulic Cement and Lime Release: Group 1 (April) ASTM Designation: C266-15 American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials 444 North Capi
2、tol Street N.W., Suite 249 Washington, D.C. 20001 TS-3a T 154-1 AASHTO Standard Method of Test for Time of Setting of Hydraulic Cement Paste by Gillmore Needles AASHTO Designation: T 154-181Technical Section: 3a, Hydraulic Cement and Lime Release: Group 1 (April) ASTM Designation: C266-15 1. SCOPE 1
3、.1. This test method covers the determination of the time of setting of hydraulic cement paste by means of the Gillmore needles. 1.2. The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The SI units, regarded as standard in ASTM C266, are provided for informational use only with re
4、gard to the original direction of mathematical conversion; as such, the inch-pound units are shown in parentheses. 1.3. This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns associated with its use. It is the re
5、sponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Warning Fresh hydraulic cementitious mix tures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure. 1
6、.4. The text of this standard references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard. 2. REFERENCED DOCUMENTS 2.1. AASHTO Standards: M 201, Mixing Rooms, Moist Cabinet
7、s, Moist Rooms, and Water Storage Tanks Used in the Testing of Hydraulic Cements and Concretes R 70, Use of Apparatus for the Determination of Length Change of Hardened Cement Paste, Mortar, and Concrete R 71, Sampling and Amount of Testing of Hydraulic Cement T 107M/T 107, Autoclave Expansion of Hy
8、draulic Cement T 129, Amount of Water Required for Normal Consistency of Hydraulic Cement Paste T 162, Mechanical Mixing of Hydraulic Cement Pastes and Mortars of Plastic Consistency 2018 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication is a
9、 violation of applicable law.TS-3a T 154-2 AASHTO 2.2. ASTM Standards: C219, Standard Terminology Relating to Hydraulic Cement C670, Standard Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements for Test Methods for Construction Materials C1005, Standard Specification for Reference Masses and Device
10、s for Determining Mass and Volume for Use in the Physical Testing of Hydraulic Cements D1193, Standard Specification for Reagent Water 2.3. Other Standard: Azari, H. and R. Lutz. NCHRP Web-Only Document 140: Precision Estimates for AASHTO Test Methods T 186, T 154, and T 22, Determined Using CCRL Pr
11、oficiency Sample Data. National Cooperative Highway Research Program, Transportation Board of the National Academies, Washington, DC, 2009, 48 pp. http:/onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/nchrp/nchrp_w140.pdf 3. TERMINOLOGY 3.1. Refer to ASTM C219 for definitions of terms. 4. SUMMARY OF TEST METHOD 4.1.
12、Sufficient water is added to the cement that is being tested to produce a paste of normal consistency. A specimen is molded from this paste and is tested for time of setting by means of the Gillmore initial and final needles. The Initial Time of Setting is the time elapsed between initial contact of
13、 cement and water and the time when the Gillmore initial needle does not leave a complete circular impression in the paste surface. The Final Time of Setting is the time elapsed between initial contact of cement and water and the time when the Gillmore final needle does not leave a complete circular
14、 impression in the paste surface. 5. SIGNIFICANCE AND USE 5.1. The purpose of this test method is to establish whether a cement complies with a specification limit on Gillmore time of setting. 6. APPARATUS 6.1. Flat TrowelHaving a sharpened straight-edged steel blade 100 to 150 mm in length. The edg
15、es, when placed on a plane surface, shall not depart from straightness by more than 1 mm. 6.2. Mixer, Bowl, Paddle, and ScraperConforming to the requirements of T 162. 6.3. Glass Graduates200- or 250-mL capacity, conforming to the requirements of R 7 0. 6.4. Mass Determining DevicesConforming to the
16、 requirements of ASTM C1005. The devices for determining mass shall be evaluated for precision and accuracy at a total load of 1000 g. 6.5. Plane Nonabsorptive Plates102 5 mm2(4 0.125 in.2), of similar planeness, corrosivity, and absorptivity to that of glass (see T 129, Figure 1, item H). 6.6. Gill
17、more NeedlesConforming to the following requirements: 2018 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-3a T 154-3 AASHTO 6.6.1. The Initial Time of Setting needle shall have a mass of 113.4 0.5 g (0.2
18、50 0.001 lb) and a tip diameter of 2.12 0.05 mm (0.084 0.002 in.). 6.6.2. The Final Time of Setting needle shall have a mass of 453.6 0.5 g (1.000 0.001 lb) and a tip diameter of 1.06 0.05 mm (0.042 0.002 in.). 6.6.3. The needle tips shall be cylindrical for a distance of 4.8 0.5 mm (0.189 0.020 in.
19、). The needle ends shall be plane and at right angles to the axis of the rod and shall be maintained in a clean condition. (See Note 1.) Note 1The Gillmore needles should preferably be mounted as shown in Figure 1(b). 6.7. Inspect and document Section 6 apparatus for conformance to the requirements
20、of this test method at least every 21/2years. 7. REAGENTS 7.1. Mixing WaterPotable water is satisfactory for routine tests. For all referee and cooperative tests, reagent water conforming to the requirements of ASTM D1193 for Type III or Type IV grade of reagent water shall be used. 8. SAMPLING 8.1.
21、 When the test is part of acceptance testing, sample the cement in accordance with R 71. 9. CONDITIONING 9.1. Maintain the temperature of the room, dry materials, paddle, bowl, and plane nonabsorptive plates at 23.0 3.0C (73.4 5.4F). Maintain the temperature of the mixing water at 23.0 2.0C (73.4 3.
22、5F). 9.2. Maintain the relative humidity of the mixing room at not less than 50 percent. 9.3. The moist cabinet or moist room shall conform to the requirements of M 201. 10. PROCEDURE 10.1. Preparation of Cement Paste: 10.1.1. Obtain the cement paste used for determination of the time of setting fro
23、m one of the following methods: 10.1.2. Prepare a new batch of paste by mixing 650 g of cement with the percentage of mixing water required for normal consistency (T 129), following the procedure described in T 162. 10.1.3. At the option of the tester, use the paste remaining from the batch used for
24、 the autoclave expansion specimen (T 107M/T 107) or from the normal consistency determination (T 129). 10.2. Molding Test SpecimenFrom the cement paste prepared as described in Section 10.1, make a pat approximately 76 mm (3 in.) in diameter and approximately 13 mm (0.5 in.) in thickness at the cent
25、er with a flat top and tapering to a thin edge (Figure 1(a) on a clean plane nonabsorptive plate. In molding the pat, flatten the cement paste first on the glass, form the pat by drawing the 2018 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplicat
26、ion is a violation of applicable law.TS-3a T 154-4 AASHTO trowel from the outer edge toward the center, and then flatten the top. After making, place the pat in the moist cabinet or moist room and allow it to remain there except when the determinations of time of setting are being made. 10.3. Time o
27、f Setting DeterminationDetermine the time of setting by holding the needle in a vertical position and lightly applying it to the surface of the pat. Figure 1Gillmore Apparatus and Test Specimen Final Needle453.6 0.5 g(1.000 0.001 lb)Cement Paste PatBase diameter: 76 13 mm (3 0.5 in.)Top diameter: 20
28、 13 mm (2 0.5 in.)Center thickness: 13 3 mm)Plane Nonabsorptive Plate102 3 mm2(4 0.125 in.2)Initial Needle113.4 0.5 g(0.250 0.001 lb)Cross arms must bedesigned to preventtheir rotation aboutthe vertical shaftLower arm preferablyadjustable for heightReplaceable tips may bemade of stock drill rod or w
29、iretempered after shaping andheld by suitable chuck orother fastenerDia4.8 0.5 mm(0.189 0.2020 in.)Tip Diameter:Initial: 2.12 0.05 mm(0.084 0.002 in.)Final: 1.06 0.05 mm(0.042 0.002 in.)(c) Detail of GillmoreApparatus NeedleTips(b) GillmoreApparatus(a) Pat withTop Surfaced Flattened for DeterminingT
30、ime of Setting by Gilmore Method 2018 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-3a T 154-5 AASHTO 10.3.1. Using the Initial Gillmore needle, determine the Gillmore Initial Time of Setting end point
31、to be the first penetration measurement that does not mark the specimen surface with a complete circular impression. Verify Initial set by obtaining two additional penetration measurements on different areas of the specimen surface. Verification measurements must be obtained within 90 s of the first
32、 “initial set” measurement. The elapsed time, in minutes, between the time of contact of cement and mixing water and the end point determined above is the Gillmore Initial Time of Setting. 10.3.2. Using the Final Gillmore needle, determine the Gillmore Final Time of Setting end point to be the first
33、 penetration measurement that does not mark the specimen surface with a complete circular impression. Verify Final set by obtaining two additional penetration measurements on different areas of the specimen surface. Verification measurements must be obtained within 90 s of the first “final set” meas
34、urement. The elapsed time, in minutes, between the time of contact of cement and mixing water and the end point determined above is the Gillmore Final Time of Setting. 11. REPORT 11.1. Report the time of setting, to the nearest 5 min, as follows: Initial Time of Setting, Gillmore _min. Final Time of
35、 Setting, Gillmore _min. 12. PRECISION AND BIAS 12.1. Precision: 12.1.1. Single-Operator PrecisionThe single-operator standard deviations (1s limits) for Gillmore Initial and Final Time of Setting are shown in Table 1. The results of two properly conducted tests on the same material, by the same ope
36、rator, using the same equipment, should be considered suspect if they differ by more than d2s single-operator limits shown in Table 1. 12.1.2. Multilaboratory PrecisionThe multilaboratory standard deviations (1s limits) for Gillmore Initial and Final Time of Setting are shown in Table 1. The results
37、 of two properly conducted tests on the same material, by different operators, using different equipment, should be considered suspect if they differ by more than d2s multilaboratory limits shown in Table 1. Table 1Precision Estimates for Time of Setting of Hydraulic Cement Paste by Gillmore Needles
38、 Condition of Test and Test Property Standard Deviation (min) 1saAcceptable Range of Two Test Results (min) d2saSingle-operator precision: Initial Time of Setting Final Time of Setting 12 16 34 46 Multilaboratory precision: Initial Time of Setting Final Time of Setting 23 37 64 103 Note: The precisi
39、on estimates given in Table 1 are based on the analysis of test results from six pairs of CCRL proficiency samples 147 to 162. The data analyzed consisted of the results from 156 to 168 laboratories for each of the pairs of samples. The analysis included cement pastes with the average Gillmore Initi
40、al Time of Setting of 139 to 193 min and average Gillmore Final Time of Setting of 238 to 303 min. The details of this analysis are found in Web Document 140, prepared as part of Phase A of NCHRP Project 9-26. aThese values represent the 1s and d2s limits described in ASTM C670. 2018 by the American
41、 Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-3a T 154-6 AASHTO 12.2. Bias: 12.2.1. No information can be presented on the bias of the procedure because no comparison with the material having an accepted reference val
42、ue was conducted. 13. KEYWORDS 13.1. Gillmore needles; hydraulic cement paste; time of setting. 1This method agrees technically with ASTM C266-15 except for the use of SI units. 2018 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.
