1、Standard Method of Test for Fineness of Hydraulic Cement by the 45-m (No. 325) Sieve AASHTO Designation: T 192-11 (2015) ASTM Designation: C430-08 American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials 444 North Capitol Street N.W., Suite 249 Washington, D.C. 20001 TS-3a T 192-1 AASHTO S
2、tandard Method of Test for Fineness of Hydraulic Cement by the 45-m (No. 325) Sieve AASHTO Designation: T 192-11 (2015) ASTM Designation: C430-08 1. SCOPE 1.1. This test method covers the determination of the fineness of hydraulic cement by means of the 45-m (No. 325) sieve. 1.2. The values stated i
3、n SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound equivalents of SI units may be approximate. 1.3. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety
4、and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 2. REFERENCED DOCUMENTS 2.1. AASHTO Standard: M 92, Wire-Cloth Sieves for Testing Purposes 2.2. ASTM Standards: E161, Standard Specification for Precision Electroformed Sieves E177, Standard Practice for Use
5、 of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods 3. APPARATUS 3.1. Sieve: 3.1.1. Sieve FrameThe sieve frame shall be of metal not subject to corrosion by water and shall be circular, either 51 6 mm (2.0 0.25 in.) in diameter when woven-wire cloth is mounted in the frame, or 76 6 mm (3.0 0.25 in
6、.) in diameter when an electroformed sheet is mounted in the frame. The depth of the sieve from the top of the frame to the cloth or sheet shall be 76 6 mm (3.0 0.25 in.). The frame shall have either side walls of 89 6 mm (3.5 0.25 in.) in total height, or legs at least to 12.0 mm (0.5 in.) in lengt
7、h, sufficient to allow air circulation beneath the sieve cloth or electroformed sheet. 3.1.2. Sieve Cloth or Electroformed SheetThe sieve frame shall be fitted with either a 45-m (No. 325) stainless steel AISI Type 304 woven-wire sieve cloth, conforming to the requirements of M 92, or a 45-m electro
8、formed reinforced nickel sieve sheet conforming to the requirements of ASTM E161, with the exception that the number of openings shall be 71 2 per linear cm (180 5 per linear in.). 2016 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a vi
9、olation of applicable law.TS-3a T 192-2 AASHTO 3.1.3. Cloth or Sheet Mounting: 3.1.3.1. Woven-Wire Cloth MountingType 304 stainless steel woven-type cloth shall be mounted in the frame without distortion, looseness, or wrinkling. For a sieve fabricated by soldering the cloth to the frame, the joint
10、shall be made smooth to prevent the cement from catching in the joints between the sieve cloth and the frame. Two-piece sieves shall clamp tightly on the cloth to prevent the cement from catching in the joints between the sieve cloth and the frame. 3.1.3.2. Electroformed Sieve Sheet MountingElectrof
11、ormed reinforced nickel sieve sheet shall be mounted in the frame without distortion, looseness, or wrinkling. The joint between the sieve cloth and the frame shall be made smooth with a material impervious to water. 3.2. Spray NozzleThe spray nozzle (see Figure 1) shall be constructed of metal not
12、subject to corrosion by water and shall be to 17.5 mm (0.69 in.) in inside diameter with a central hole drilled in line with the longitudinal axis, an intermediate row of eight holes drilled 6 mm (0.23 in.) center-to-center at an angle of 5 degrees from the longitudinal axis, and an outer row of eig
13、ht holes drilled center-to-center at an angle of 10 degrees from the longitudinal axis. All holes shall be to 0.5 mm (0.02 in.) in diameter. The spray nozzle shall be checked at least every 6 months to ensure that the flow rate is between 1500 and 3000 g/min at 69 3 kPa (10 0.4 psi). Figure 1Spray N
14、ozzle with Seventeen 0.51-mm (0.02-in.) Holes 3.3. Pressure GaugeThe pressure gauge shall be 76 mm (3 in.) minimum diameter, shall be graduated in 7 kPa (1 psi) increments, and shall have a maximum capacity of 207 kPa (30 psi). The accuracy at 69 kPa (10 psi) shall be 2 kPa (0.25 psi). 2016 by the A
15、merican Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-3a T 192-3 AASHTO 4. CALIBRATION OF 45-M (NO. 325) SIEVES 4.1. Place 1.000 g of the current lot of National Institute of Standards and Technology standard sample No.
16、 114 or No. 46h on the clean, dry, 45-m (No. 325) sieve and proceed as in Section 5. The sieve correction factor is the difference between the test residue obtained and the assigned residue value indicated by the electroformed sheet sieve fineness specified for the standard sample, expressed as a pe
17、rcentage of the test residue (see Note 1 and Table 1). Note 1It should be observed that the sieve correction, as specified, is a factor to be multiplied by the residue obtained and that the amount to be added to or subtracted from the residue in any given test is therefore proportional to the amount
18、 of residue. Table 1Example of Determination of Sieve Correction Factor Residue on 45-m (No. 325) sieve, Sample No. 114 or No. 46h = 12.2% Residue for a 1-g sample = 0.122 g Residue on sieve being calibrated = 0.093 g Difference = + 0.029 g Correction factor = 0.029/0.093 100 = +31.18 = + 31.2% 5. P
19、ROCEDURE 5.1. Place a 1.000-g sample of the cement on the clean, dry, 45-m (No. 325) sieve. Wet the sample thoroughly with a gentle stream of water. Remove the sieve from under the nozzle and adjust the pressure on the spray nozzle to 69 4 kPa (10 0.5 psi). Return the sieve to its position under the
20、 nozzle and wash for 1 min, moving the sieve with a circular motion in a horizontal plane at the rate of one motion per second in the spray. The bottom of the spray nozzle should extend below the top of the sieve frame about 12 mm (0.5 in.). Immediately upon removing the sieve from the spray, rinse
21、once with about 50 cm3of distilled or deionized water, using caution not to lose any of the residue, and then blot the lower surface gently upon a damp cloth. Dry the sieve and residue in an oven or over a hot plate (see Note 2), supporting the sieve in such a manner that air may pass freely beneath
22、 it. Cool the sieve, and then brush the residue from the sieve and weigh on an analytical balance capable of reproducing results within 0.0005 g. Note 2Care should be taken not to heat the sieve hot enough to soften the solder. 6. CLEANING OF 45-M (NO. 325) SIEVES 6.1. Frequency of Cleaning and Cali
23、brationSieves fitted with woven-wire sieve cloth shall be cleaned after no more than five determinations. Sieves fitted with an electroformed reinforced sieve sheet having 71 openings per linear centimeter shall be cleaned after no more than three determinations. Both types of sieves shall be recali
24、brated after no more than 100 determinations. 6.2. Acceptable Cleaning ProceduresOne option for cleaning is to place the sieve in a low-power (150-W maximum power input) ultrasonic bath containing an appropriate laboratory cleaning solution. The bath is to be operated for sufficient time (approximat
25、ely 10 to 15 min at room temperature) to remove particles lodged in the openings. Be apprised that electroformed sieve sheets containing more than 71 openings per linear centimeter may well be damaged by ultrasonic cleaning. An option for cleaning that does not require an ultrasonic bath can also be
26、 employed. Immerse the sieve in a bath of appropriate laboratory cleaning solution heated to just below boiling point. Cover with a watch glass to reduce evaporation. Continue this soaking for a time 2016 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved.
27、Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-3a T 192-4 AASHTO sufficient to loosen lodged particles with a rinse following the bath. Overnight soaking in similar but unheated cleaning solutions is also acceptable, provided a rinse following the bath is able to wash away lodged particles. Cleanin
28、g or rinsing with dilute hydrochloric or acetic acid solutions is to be avoided. Appropriate cleaning solutions are restricted to soap or detergent-type solutions. 7. CALCULATION 7.1. Calculate the fineness of the cement to the nearest 0.1 percent as follows: (100 )csR R C=+ (1) 100c F R= (2) where:
29、 F = fineness of the cement expressed as the corrected percentage passing the 45-m (No. 325) sieve; Rc= corrected residue, percent; Rs= residue from the sample retained on the 45-m (No. 325) sieve, g; and C = sieve correction factor (determined as prescribed in Section 4), which may be either plus o
30、r minus. Table 2Example of Determination of Sieve Correction Factor Sieve correction factor, C = +31.2% Residue from sample being tested, Rs= 0.088 g Corrected residue, Rc= 0.088 (100 + 31.2) = 11.5% Corrected amount = 100 11.5% passing, F = 88.5% 8. PRECISION AND BIAS 8.1. Normal-Fineness ProductTh
31、e multilaboratory precision has been found to be 0.75 percent (1s) as defined in ASTM E177; therefore, results of properly conducted tests from two different laboratories on identical samples of cement should agree 95 percent of the time within 2.1 percent. 8.2. High-Fineness ProductThe multilaborat
32、ory precision has been found to be 0.50 percent (1s) as defined in ASTM E177; therefore, results of properly conducted tests from two different laboratories on identical samples of cement should agree 95 percent of the time within 1.4 percent. Note 3The use of outside threads instead of inside threa
33、ds as shown in Figure 1 is permissible. 8.3. Because there is no accepted reference material suitable for determining the bias for the procedure in this test method, no statement on bias is being made. 9. KEYWORDS 9.1. Fineness of hydraulic cement. 2016 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.
