1、Standard Method of Test for Evaluation of Asphalt Release Agents (ARAs) AASHTO Designation: T 383-181 Technical Section: 2b, Liquid Asphalt Release: Group 3 (August) American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials 444 North Capitol Street N.W., Suite 249 Washington, D.C. 20001 TS-
2、2b T 383-1 AASHTO Standard Method of Test for Evaluation of Asphalt Release Agents (ARAs) AASHTO Designation: T 383-181Technical Section: 2b, Liquid Asphalt Release: Group 3 (August) 1. SCOPE 1.1. This method covers the laboratory performance evaluation of asphalt release agents (ARAs). These ARAs a
3、re used for coating metal on truck beds, pavers, rollers, slat elevators, and hand tools to prevent asphalt binder or hot mix asphalt (HMA) from adhering. The ARAs should perform this function without causing degradation (stripping) of the HMA. 1.2. This standard may involve hazardous materials, ope
4、rations, and equipment. It does not purport to address all safety concerns associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 2. REFERENCED DOCUMEN
5、TS 2.1. AASHTO Standards: M 231, Weighing Devices Used in the Testing of Materials M 320, Performance-Graded Asphalt Binder M 323, Superpave Volumetric Mix Design M 332, Performance-Graded Asphalt Binder Using Multiple Stress Creep Recovery (MSCR) Test T 85, Specific Gravity and Absorption of Coarse
6、 Aggregate T 312, Preparing and Determining the Density of Asphalt Mixture Specimens by Means of the Superpave Gyratory Compactor 2.2. ASTM Standards: D92, Standard Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland Open Cup Tester D93, Standard Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed
7、Cup Tester D1193, Standard Specification for Reagent Water D1475, Standard Test Method for Density of Liquid Coatings, Inks, and Related Products D2369, Standard Test Method for Volatile Content of Coatings D3625, Standard Practice for Effect of Water on Bituminous-Coated Aggregate Using Boiling Wat
8、er E70, Standard Test Method for pH of Aqueous Solutions with the Glass Electrode E502, Standard Test Method for Selection and Use of ASTM Standards for the Determination of Flash Point of Chemicals by Closed Cup Methods E1252, Standard Practice for General Techniques for Obtaining Infrared Spectra
9、for Qualitative Analysis 2018 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-2b T 383-2 AASHTO 2.3. Other Standards: Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) Hazardous Waste Code of Federal Regulati
10、ons (CFR), Title 40, Part 261, Subpart D, List of Hazardous Waste CFR Title 29, Hazard Communication 3. SUMMARY OF TEST METHOD 3.1. The test method uses three key performance measures: 3.1.1. In the Asphalt Stripping Test, a sample of HMA is soaked in the ARA for seven days, alongside a control samp
11、le of ARA with no HMA. The samples are evaluated at the end of the soak period to determine the degree of stripping that occurred. Gravimetric weights are also taken and calculated to determine weight loss. 3.1.2. In the Mixture Slide Test, a sample of HMA is applied to a steel plate that has been t
12、reated with the ARA. The plate is tilted to allow the HMA to slide free. The amount of retained hot mix is recorded for each application cycle. This process is repeated two more times. The degree of adhesion to the metal plate is determined by gain in weight. 3.1.3. In the Asphalt Performance Test,
13、hot asphalt binder is poured onto the same treated metal plate used in Section 3.1.2, allowed to cool, and then pulled away. The amount of retained binder is recorded for each application cycle. This process is repeated until a minimum of 10 percent of the asphalt binder has adhered to the metal pla
14、te. The degree of adhesion to the metal plate is determined by gain in weight. 3.2. The flash point, infrared spectrum (FTIR), percent solids, specific gravity, and pH of the ARA are measured and recorded. 4. SIGNIFICANCE AND USE 4.1. The Asphalt Stripping Test measures the tendency for the ARA to a
15、lter the asphalt binder or remove asphalt binder from the HMA. The agent is evaluated in both its concentrated, non-diluted strength form and at the dilution ratio recommended for use by the manufacturer. 4.2. The Mixture Slide Test simulates a metal truck bed to determine the tendency of the HMA to
16、 adhere to the metal bed when the ARA is used. 4.3. The Asphalt Performance Test measures the tendency for asphalt binder to adhere to metal on truck beds, pavers, rollers, slat elevators, or tools when the ARA is used. 4.4. The HMA used for testing is made under Superpave mix design standards to pr
17、ovide an HMA with repeatable behavior that will not tend to exhibit stripping when exposed to water. 4.5. The flash point will be used to determine product safety. The infrared spectrum (FTIR), percent solids, specific gravity, and pH are intended to be used as reference parameters to verify product
18、 formulations of future samples. 4.6. This method is intended to determine the properties of these materials. Acceptability of a material, based upon the data generated as a result of the testing and evaluation in this practice, is the responsibility of the user. 4.7. Standard laboratory conditions
19、are defined as a temperature of 25 4C (77 7F). 2018 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-2b T 383-3 AASHTO 5. ASPHALT STRIPPING TEST 5.1. Apparatus: 5.1.1. Containerseight (8) 0.5-L (1-pt) glas
20、s canning jars or equivalent with a lid for sealing; 5.1.2. Ovencapable of maintaining a minimum temperature of 60 1C (140 2F) and 143 1C (290 2F); 5.1.3. Sieve2 mm (No. 10) or similar, 8 in. diameter; 5.1.4. Filter Paperswhite, approx. 10 in. diameter, strong enough to support the weight of the HMA
21、 mixture and the ARA liquid without tearing or ripping, such as a Brew-Rite Coffee Filter (Bunn-style) Commercial or similar; and 5.1.5. Balance5,000-g capacity readable to 0.01 g and accurate to 0.02 g meeting the requirements of a Class G1 as defined in M 231, Table 2. 5.2. Materials: 5.2.1. Eithe
22、r a plant- or a laboratory-mixed sample of HMA meeting the following requirements: 5.2.1.1. Meets M 323, Table 3 requirements for 12.5-mm (0.5-in.) nominal maximum aggregate size. 5.2.1.2. Contains an asphalt binder meeting the requirements of PG 58-28 as defined in M 320, Table 1. 5.2.1.3. The perc
23、ent absorption of the coarse aggregates in the HMA is less than 0.5 percent when tested according to T 85. 5.2.1.4. Prepared according to the procedure outlined in T 312, Section 8 for HMA Mixture Preparation. 5.2.1.5. Tested and passed TxDOT Test Procedure Tex-530-C, “Effect of Water on Bituminous
24、Paving Mixtures,” with zero (0) percent stripping. Provide the documentation to support the test results. 5.2.2. Reagent water, Type II according to ASTM D1193. 5.3. Procedure: 5.3.1. Obtain 1,000 g of a representative sample of HMA as specified in Section 5.2.1. Heat the mixture to 143C (290F) for
25、45 to 60 min. 5.3.2. Split 600 g of HMA into six equal amounts of 100 1 g each. Weigh each 100-g sample to the nearest 0.01 g, and record each mass as Wi, and place each 100 g sample into six of the eight 0.5-L (1-pt) glass containers. 5.3.3. Pour 180 mL of the non-diluted ARA into one of the six gl
26、ass jars containing the HMA described in Section 5.3.2, ensuring the sample is completely covered by the ARA. Repeat this step with two additional glass containers holding the HMA. 5.3.4. Pour additional non-diluted ARA into one of the two remaining empty containers to the same level as those in Sec
27、tion 5.3.3 and use this material as the control sample. 5.3.5. When applicable, for testing of diluted ARA, prepare a minimum of 2,000 mL of ARA diluted with reagent water to the concentration (dilution ratio) recommended by the manufacturer. 2018 by the American Association of State Highway and Tra
28、nsportation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-2b T 383-4 AASHTO 5.3.6. Pour 180 mL of the diluted ARA into one of the remaining 3 glass containers holding the HMA described in Section 5.3.2, ensuring the sample is completely covered by the ARA. Repeat th
29、is step with two additional glass containers holding the HMA. 5.3.7. Pour additional diluted ARA into the last empty container to the same level as those in Section 5.3.6 and use this material as the control sample. 5.3.8. Cover the eight containers and leave them undisturbed at standard laboratory
30、conditions for 168 2 h. 5.3.9. At the end of the specified time while retaining the HMA and liquid in the jars, compare the color of each replicate of HMA and ARA samples against the control samples. 5.3.10. Weigh six filter papers each to the nearest 0.01 g and record the mass of each one. 5.3.11.
31、Place a white filter paper into the sieve. Pour one replicate of the non-diluted strength sample onto the filter paper inside the sieve, and with room temperature tap water, lightly rinse the mixture and agent until “clean,” i.e., the color of the ARA has turned clear or ceases to foam during the ri
32、nsing. Using a new filter paper for each sample/replicate, repeat with the other two non-diluted strength and all three diluted strength replicate samples. 5.3.12. Place all six washed replicate samples with their filter papers into the 60C (140F) oven for 24 1 h. Remove the replicates, allow them t
33、o cool to room temperature, weigh each replicate to the nearest 0.01 g and record. Subtract the mass of each filter paper from the combined mass and record to the nearest 0.01 g as fW . 5.3.13. Visually observe the aggregate (coarse and fine) for retained asphalt binder coating for all six replicate
34、s. Any thin, brownish, translucent areas are to be considered fully coated. Examination of the sample under a light and low magnification may aid in the visual observation of the retained coating. 5.3.14. Rate the non-diluted and the diluted strength asphalt ARA replicates according to the following
35、 rating system: No StrippingNo stripping or discoloration occurred. See Figure 1. Slight StrippingSlight discoloration of the ARA or stripping of the fine aggregate. See Figure 2. Moderate StrippingSome discoloration of the ARA and stripping of the fine aggregate. See Figures 3 and 4. Severe Strippi
36、ngSignificant discoloration of the ARA and stripping of the coarse and fine aggregate. See Figures 5 and 6. 2018 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-2b T 383-5 AASHTO Figure 1No Stripping. Fig
37、ure 2Slight StrippingSlight discoloration of the ARA. 2018 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-2b T 383-6 AASHTO Figure 3Moderate StrippingSome discoloration of the ARA. Figure 4Moderate Strip
38、pingStripping of the Fine Aggregate. Figure 5Severe StrippingSignificant discoloration of the ARA. 2018 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-2b T 383-7 AASHTO Figure 6Severe StrippingStripping
39、of the Coarse and Fine Aggregate. 5.3.15. Calculate the percent loss or gain of the initial sample mass as follows: 100ifiWWWW= where: W = change in the HMA sample mass in percent iW = initial mass of the HMA sample to the nearest 0.01 g (from Section 5.3.2) fW = final mass of the HMA sample after d
40、ry back to the nearest 0.01 g (from Section 5.3.12) 6. MIXTURE SLIDE TEST 6.1. Apparatus: 6.1.1. Ovencapable of maintaining a minimum temperature of 143 1C (290 2F); 2018 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of app
41、licable law.TS-2b T 383-8 AASHTO 6.1.2. Unit Weight Bucketa 2831.7-cm3(0.1-ft3) unit weight bucket filled with sand to a total combined mass of 6.8 kg (15 lb) 0.23 kg (0.5 lb). If using more than one Unit Weight Bucket to run the triplicate samples, each Unit Weight Bucket shall be within 0.45 kg (1
42、 lb) of each other. 6.1.3. Plateone 16-gauge steel or aluminum plate, 305 by 305 mm (12 by 12 in.) to 457 by 457 mm (18 by 18 in.), with a textured surface that simulates the inside of a typical truck bed used for hauling HMA; 6.1.4. Balance5,000 g capacity readable to 0.01 g and accurate to 0.02 g
43、meeting the requirements of a Class G1 as defined in M 231, Table 2; 6.1.5. Waxed paperstandard waxed paper; 6.1.6. Spray bottleused to apply the ARA. A pressure sprayer with a variable nozzle may be required for ARAs that are too viscous to be sprayed from a spray bottle; and 6.1.7. Miscellaneous e
44、quipmenta 1-L metal container, a large sample pan, a scoop, and a spatula. These are used to work with the HMA. 6.2. Materials: 6.2.1. Either a plant- or a laboratory-mixed sample of HMA meeting the following requirements: 6.2.1.1. Meets M 323, Table 3 requirements for 12.5-mm (0.5-in.) nominal maxi
45、mum aggregate size. 6.2.1.2. Uses an asphalt binder modified with SBR, SBS, or similar polymer and meeting the requirements of PG 76-22 as defined in M 320, Table 1 or PG 64E-22 as defined in M 332. 6.2.1.3. The percent absorption of the coarse aggregates in the HMA is less than 0.5 percent when tes
46、ted according to T 85. 6.2.1.4. Prepared according to the procedure outlined in T 312, Section 8 for HMA Mixture Preparation. 6.3. Procedure: 6.3.1. Obtain 2,000 g of a representative sample of HMA. Heat the HMA to 143C (290F) for 45 to 60 min. 6.3.2. Place the unit weight bucket filled with sand in
47、 an oven and heat it to 143C (290F) for 45 to 60 min. 6.3.3. Spray the top surface of the metal plate, placed in the horizontal direction (flat), with the ARA at the recommended dilution rate so that the surface is evenly coated. 6.3.4. Allow the metal plate to stand undisturbed for 5 min. 6.3.5. We
48、igh the metal plate to the nearest 0.01 g and record. 6.3.6. Place 500 10 g of the HMA on the metal plate. 6.3.7. Place a sheet of waxed paper on top of the HMA. 6.3.8. Place the sand-filled unit weight bucket on top of the waxed paper and HMA. 6.3.9. Allow the HMA and the sand-filled unit weight bu
49、cket to stand for 1 h 5 min. 2018 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-2b T 383-9 AASHTO 6.3.10. Remove the unit weight bucket and waxed paper from the top of the HMA. 6.3.11. Tilt the metal plate to approximately a 45-degree angle and tap the bottom edge of the plate three times on the table to help loosen the HMA from the plate. Hold the plate at the
