1、TS-4e TP 86-1 AASHTO Standard Method of Test for Accelerated Aging of Bituminous Sealants and Fillers with a Vacuum Oven AASHTO Designation: TP 86-10 (2013) 1. SCOPE 1.1. This method applies to bituminous crack sealants and fillers used in the construction and maintenance of roadways. 1.2. The metho
2、d covers the accelerated aging of the bituminous materials by means of elevated temperatures and vacuum. 1.3. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish and follow appropria
3、te health and safety practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 2. REFERENCED DOCUMENTS 2.1. AASHTO Standards: TP 85, Apparent Viscosity of Hot-Poured Bituminous Crack Sealant Using Brookfield Rotational Viscometer RV Series Instrument TP 87, Measure Low-Temper
4、ature Flexural Creep Stiffness of Bituminous Sealants and Fillers by Bending Beam Rheometer (BBR) TP 88, Evaluation of the Low-Temperature Tensile Property of Bituminous Sealants by Direct Tension Test TP 89, Measuring Adhesion of Hot-Poured Crack Sealant Using Direct Adhesion Tester 2.2. ASTM Stand
5、ards: D 5167, Standard Practice for Melting of Hot-Applied Joint and Crack Sealant and Filler for Evaluation D 6521, Standard Practice for Accelerated Aging of Asphalt Binder Using a Pressurized Aging Vessel (PAV) E 77, Standard Test Method for Inspection and Verification of Thermometers E 145, Stan
6、dard Specification for Gravity-Convection and Forced-Ventilation Ovens 2.3. Sealant Consortium (SC) Standards:1 SC-1, Guidelines for Graded Bituminous Sealants SC-2, Test Method for Measuring Apparent Viscosity of Hot-Poured Crack Sealant Using Brookfield Rotational Viscometer RV Series Instrument S
7、C-4, Sealant Flow and Deformation SC-5, Test Method to Measure Low-Temperature Sealant Flexural Creep Stiffness at Low Temperature by Bending Beam Rheometry 2013 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable la
8、w.TS-4e TP 86-2 AASHTO SC-6, Test Method to Evaluate Sealant Extensibility at Low Temperature by Direct Tension Test SC-8, Blister Method to Predict the Adhesion of Bituminous Sealants 3. TERMINOLOGY 3.1. bituminous sealants and fillerspolymer- or rubber-modified bitumens most often formulated with
9、a mineral filler. 4. SUMMARY OF METHOD 4.1. Crack sealant material is placed in a stainless steel pan and aged at 115C for 16 h under a vacuum of 29.9 in. of mercury. 5. SIGNIFICANCE AND USE 5.1. This procedure is designed to simulate the aging and weathering of bituminous sealants and fillers. 5.2.
10、 Materials aged with this procedure are best used to evaluate sub-zero characteristics. 5.3. For materials with different bitumen source, polymer grade, and filler types and content, there is no unique correlation between the accelerated conditions and the time of in-service weathering. The accelera
11、ted aging leads to sealant rheology typical of sealants weathered 1 to 10 years in the field. 5.4. Sealants must be remixed before being aged by this method. 6. APPARATUS 6.1. Vacuum OvenOven with a vacuum valve, a bleed valve, and a pressure gauge in inches of mercury. The oven must be capable of m
12、aintaining a vacuum of 29.9 in. of mercury and a uniform temperature of 115 1C. Refer to ASTM E 145 to verify temperature uniformity. The oven should be of a size sufficient to accommodate a minimum of eight sample pans of 6 in. on two shelves. 6.2. Vacuum PumpA one or two-stage mechanical pump capa
13、ble of achieving a vacuum of 99.9 percent or better in 10 min or less. See Note 1. Note 1At sea level, the achievable vacuum is 29.92 in. of mercury. See the appendix for the effect of elevation on the achievable vacuum reading. 6.3. Laboratory OvenCalibrated Type IIA oven specified in ASTM E 145. T
14、his oven can produce and maintain a temperature of 180 0.5C. 6.4. Stainless Steel PansPans of sufficient dimensions such that 30 g of melted sealant will provide a film about 2 mm thick. See Note 2. Note 2PAV pans, used in ASTM D 6521, work well for the purpose of Section 6.4. 2013 by the American A
15、ssociation of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-4e TP 86-3 AASHTO 7. HAZARDS 7.1. Standard laboratory caution should be used in handling and remixing hot sealant in accordance to ASTM D 5167. 8. VERIFICATION AND CALIBRATIO
16、N 8.1. Temperature and vacuum control of the ovens should be calibrated according to each users quality assurance program. 8.2. Temperature DetectorVerify the calibration of the temperature-sensing device to 0.1C every 6 months in accordance with ASTM E 77 for liquid-in-glass thermometers. 8.3. Vacu
17、um GaugeCalibrate the vacuum gauge to an accuracy of 1 percent every 6 months. 8.4. Verify that the sought temperature is obtained within 1 h after the application of vacuum. An example is shown in Figure 1. 1101151201250 5 10 15 20Time, hTemperature,CUpper shelfBottom shelfVacuumFigure 1Typical Cha
18、nge in Temperature over Time at a Top and Bottom Shelf of a Vacuum Oven before and after Evacuation 9. PREPARATION 9.1. Apply vacuum and preheat the vacuum oven to 115 1C. This typically takes 2 to 4 h. 9.2. Preheat the laboratory oven to 180 5C. 9.3. Remix 400 to 500 g of material according to ASTM
19、 D 5167. Pour 30 0.5 g of hot material into a stainless steel pan. This provides a sealant film about 2 mm thick. See Note 3. Note 3At the same time, samples can be poured for other tests, including the tracking test (TP 85 SC-2), the low-temperature tests (TP 87 SC-5 and TP 88 SC-6), and the adhesi
20、on test (TP 89 SC-7). 10. PROCEDURE 10.1. Close the vacuum valve on the vacuum oven and slowly open the bleed valve. Once atmospheric pressure is reached, open the door and place the sealant pan in the oven. The oven door must be left opened for less than 1 min. Reapply vacuum by opening the vacuum
21、valve. See Note 4. Note 4During this step, the vacuum pump must be left running. 2013 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-4e TP 86-4 AASHTO 10.2. Start timing once the vacuum has reached 29 in.
22、 of mercury. Maintain a vacuum better than 29 in. of mercury and a temperature of 115 1C for 16 h 10 min. 10.3. After 16 h, slowly release the vacuum with the bleed valve and transfer the pan to the oven preheated to 180C. Heat the sealant for 5 min or until it is sufficiently fluid to pour into sha
23、pe for the tests according to SC-2, SC-4, SC-5, or SC-6. Pans may be scraped to collect maximum amount of sealant. See Note 5. Note 5Allow 24 h at room temperature before an evaluation of the properties according to SC-4, TP 87 SC-5, or TP 88, SC-6. 11. REPORT 11.1. Report the following information:
24、 11.1.1. Sealant name and supplier; 11.1.2. Lot number, date received; 11.1.3. Date aged; 11.1.4. Aging temperature and vacuum; 11.1.5. Total aging time in hours and minutes; and 11.1.6. Any deviations from test temperature and vacuum. 12. PRECISION AND BIAS 12.1. The precision and the bias for this
25、 method of test have not been measured. 13. KEYWORDS 13.1. Aging; cracks; guidelines; joints; maintenance; pavement; roadways; sealant; specification. 14. REFERENCES 14.1. Al-Qadi, I. L., J. F. Masson, E. Fini, S. H. Yang, and K. K. McGhee. Development of Performance-Based Guidelines for Selection o
26、f Bituminous-Based Hot-Poured Pavement Crack Sealant: An Executive Summary Report. VTRC 09-CR7. Virginia Transportation Research Council, Charlottesville, VA, 2009. Reference for SC-17 http:/vtrc.virginiadot.org/PubDetails.aspx?PubNo=09-CR7 14.2. Al-Qadi, I. L., E. H. Fini, K. K. McGhee, and M. A. E
27、lseifi. Development of Apparent Viscosity Test for Hot-Poured Crack Sealants, Final Report. No. ICT-08-027, Illinois Center for Transportation, Rantoul, IL, December 2008(b). Reference for SC-2 http:/ict.illinois.edu/Publications/report%20files/ICT-08-027.pdf 14.3. Al-Qadi, I. L., J. F. Masson, A. L
28、oulizi, P. Collins, J. R. Woods, S. Bundalo-Perc, and K. K. McGhee. Long-Term Accelerated Aging and Low Temperature BBR Testing of Sealants. Interim Report No. B5508-5, National Research Council of Canada, 2004, 262 pp. Reference for SC-3 printed document only 2013 by the American Association of Sta
29、te Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-4e TP 86-5 AASHTO 14.4. Al-Qadi, I. L., S. H. Yang, M. A. Elseifi, S. Dessouky, A. Loulizi, J. F. Masson, and K. K. McGhee. Characterization of Low Temperature Creep Properties of Crack Seala
30、nts Using Bending Beam Rheometry, Final Report. No. ICT-08-029, Illinois Center for Transportation, Rantoul, IL, December 2008. Reference for SC-5 http:/ict.illinois.edu/Publications/report%20files/ICT-08-029.pdf 14.5. Al-Qadi, I. L., S. H. Yang, J. F. Masson, and K. K. McGhee. Characterization of L
31、ow Temperature Mechanical Properties of Crack Sealants Utilizing Direct Tension Test, Final Report. No. ICT-08-028, Illinois Center for Transportation, Rantoul, IL, December 2008. Reference for SC-6 http:/ict.illinois.edu/Publications/report%20files/ICT-08-028.pdf 14.6. Al-Qadi, I. L., E. H. Fini, H
32、. D. Figueroa, J. F. Masson, and K. K. McGhee. Adhesion Testing Procedure for Hot-Poured Crack Sealants, Final Report. No. ICT-08-026, Illinois Center for Transportation, Rantoul, IL, December 2008. Reference for SC-7 and SC-8 http:/ict.illinois.edu/Publications/report%20files/ICT-08-026.pdf 14.7. C
33、ollins, P., M. Veitch, J. F. Masson, and I. L. Al-Qadi. “Deformation and Tracking of Bituminous Sealants in Summer Temperatures: Pseudo-Field Behavior.” International Journal of Pavement Engineering, Vol. 9, No. 1, 2008, pp. 18. Reference for SC-4 APPENDIX (Nonmandatory Information) X1. EFFECT OF EL
34、EVATION ON THE ACHIEVABLE VACUUM READING X1.1. The vacuum reading on the oven gauge depends on the atmospheric pressure outside the oven, which depends on elevation (excluding the effect of weather on pressure). The maximum achievable vacuum reading (P) at an elevation h is given by P(h) = P0exp(mgh
35、/kT) (1) where: P0 = the pressure at sea level; m = the average molar mass of dry air; g = the acceleration due to gravity; k = the Boltzmann constant; and T = the temperature in Kelvin. X1.2. Considering a laboratory temperature of 22C and vacuum readings in inches of mercury, Equation 1 can be sim
36、plified to P(h) = 29.92 exp(hc) (2) where: h = the elevation in ft; and c = 0.000351 ft1. If the elevation is taken in meters, c is 0.0001151 m1. 2013 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-4e TP
37、86-6 AASHTO As examples, in Denver, CO, the elevation is 5433 ft and the maximum attainable vacuum is 24.7 in.Hg. In Edmonton, AB, with an elevation of 650 m, the achievable vacuum is 27.8 in.Hg; and in Ottawa, ON, the elevation is 188 m, so the achievable vacuum is 29.3 in.Hg. 1These standards were
38、 developed through a pooled-fund study sponsored by several AASHTO member departments, the University of Illinois, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech), and the National Research Council of Canada. The Sealant Consortium is the designation given to this pooled-fund study. For availability of the individual research reports, see Section 14, References. 2013 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.
