1、 Access to Additional Content for AASHTO UBA 3 rdEdition, Dated: September 2010 (Click here to view the publication) This Page is not part of the original publication This page has been added by IHS as a convenience to the user in order to provide access to additional content as authorized by the Co
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3、lity of the Copyright holder apply. If you have any questions, or need technical assistance please contact IHS Support. IHS Additional Content Page 2010 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law. Copyr
4、ight 2010, by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. All rights reserved. This book, or parts thereof, may not be reproduced in any form without written permission of the publisher. Printed in the United States of America. ISBN: 978-1-56051-467-1 Publ. Code: UBA-3 20
5、10 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.user and non-user benefit analysis for highways iii Foreword This manual and accompanying CD-ROM provide a valuable resource for people who analyze the bene
6、fits and costs of highway projects. These analysts have the difficult and often cumbersome respon- sibility of performing complex benefitcost calculations and presenting the results to decision makers, the media, and the public. It has been the practice of the American Association of State Highway a
7、nd Transportation Officials (AASHTO) to publish materials to support transportation planners in state, regional, and local governments who evaluate highway investments. This manual is the merger of two, related research efforts that should simplify the efforts of these planners. The first of these e
8、fforts, NCHRP Project 02-23, “User Benefit Analysis for Highways,” was conducted by the research team of ECONorthwest, in association with Kittelson & Associates, Inc., and Parsons Brinckerhoff, Inc. This effort yielded a major update of the original, 1977 AASHTO user benefit manu- al. The update in
9、corporated new theory, new measurement methodologies, and new procedural guid- ance for the measurement of user benefits associated with highway improvements. It also introduced a CD-ROM containing the manual itself, worksheets and a software “Wizard” for guiding the analyst through the user benefit
10、 measurement process. The user benefit manual was adopted and published by AASHTO in 2003, and is commonly referred to as the “Red Book” . In response to requests by users of the Red Book, a second research effort was undertaken as an exten- sion of NCHRP Project 02-23. It is entitled “Non-User Bene
11、fit Analysis for Highways: A Supplement to AASHTOs User Benefit Analysis for Highways” and was completed in 2007. Its purpose was to add non-user benefit measurement capability to the user-benefit capabilities of the AASHTO Red Book. This project was supported by an agreement between NCHRP and the F
12、ederal Highway Adminis- tration, the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, and the National Academy of Sciences. The research team was lead by ECONorthwest, with assistance from Kittelson & Associates. Inc. By combining these two, related resources, practitioners now ha
13、ve a single, integrated resource to assist in evaluating highway improvements that incorporates both user and non-user benefits. The theory and methods for estimating the benefits and costs of highway projects are presented in an integrated fash- ion, first for user benefits and then for non-user be
14、nefits. The CD-ROM contains an electronic copy of this manual in Portable Document Format (PDF). It also contains practical materials and resources for conducting and presenting benefitcost analyses of highway improvements. These resources include the following: Analytical T ools. An interactive Mic
15、rosoft Excel “wizard” is provided. This wizard takes the user through a series of dialogs where information about a project is collected and then calculates and presents the results of a benefitcost analysis in a printable format. A series of Microsoft Excel spreadsheets also are included to help an
16、alysts organize data and make calculations to carry out 2010 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.iv user and non-user benefit analysis for highways Preface This document updates and expands the A
17、merican Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) User Benefit Analysis for Highways, also known as the Red Book. This AASHTO publication helps state and local transportation planning authorities evaluate the economic benefits of highway improvements. This update incorporate
18、s improvements in user-benefit calculation methods and, for the first time, provides guidance for evaluating important non-user impacts of highways. Previ- ous editions of the Red Book provided guidance regarding user benefit measurement only. This update provides a framework for project evaluations
19、 that accurately account for both user and non-user benefits. The preparation of this update was done on behalf of the National Academy of Sciences, National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) under project Number 02-23. This project is supported by an agreement between NCHRP and the Feder
20、al Highway Administration, the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, and the National Academy of Sciences. The prime contractor for the research is ECONorthwest. benefitcost analyses. These spreadsheets are electronic versions of the calculation worksheets in the manual
21、. The analyst can choose to examine just user benefits, non-user benefits or both. In addi- tion, experience with the use of the Wizard by the research team and planners in the field has been exploited to improve the Wizard interface and add more flexibility to characterize highway projects. Present
22、ation Materials. Microsoft PowerPoint slideshows that can be easily customized are provided to help practitioners prepare presentations about the results of benefitcost analyses of highway projects. The slideshows complement the guidebook and can be used for presentations to decision- makers, the pu
23、blic, and the media. A library of relevant, royalty-free images for use in presentations and documents is also provided. A Resource Library. The CD-ROM contains resources to support practitioners as they evaluate the costs and benefits of highway projects. These resources include a glossary of terms
24、 used in the manual, a list of transportation organizations and website links where additional data may be found for benefitcost analyses, and a list of websites that contain useful electronic maps and geographic information systems data. 2010 by the American Association of State Highway and Transpo
25、rtation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.user and non-user benefit analysis for highways v Executive Committee 20092010 Voting Members OFFICERS: President: Larry “Butch” Brown, Mississippi Vice President: Susan Martinovich, Nevada Secretary-Treasurer: Carl
26、os Braceras, Utah REGIONAL REPRESENTATIVES: REGION I: Joseph Marie, ConnecticutGabe Klein, District of Columbia REGION II: Dan Flowers, ArkansasMike Hancock, Kentucky REGION III: Nancy J. Richardson, IowaThomas K. Sorel, Minnesota REGION IV: Paula Hammond, WashingtonAmadeo Saenz, Jr., T exas Nonvoti
27、ng MembersImmediate Past President: Allen Biehler, Pennsylvania Executive Director: John Horsley, Washington, DC 2010 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.vi user and non-user benefit analysis for
28、 highways Acknowledgments The following people contributed to the preparation or review of these products. NCHRP Dianne Schwager, Senior Program Officer Joe Snell, Senior Program Assistant ECONorthwest Dr. Randall Pozdena Dr. Stephen Grover Dr. Eric Fruits Dr. Andrew Dyke Carl Batten Geo Lee Dr. Dav
29、id Lindahl T erry Moore James Pozdena Brett Sheckler John T apogna Chris Mefford FHWA Liaison Eric Gabler Martine Micozzi, TRB Liaison Kittelson & Associates Mark V andehay Judith Gray Bruce Robinson Parsons Brinckerhoff Sam Seskin John Boroski NCHRP Review Panel Patrick DeCorla-Souza, Federal Highw
30、ay Administration Norman Foster, Minnesota Department of Finance Kevin Freeman, TRB James Gillespie, Virginia Transportation Research Council Richard Iovanna, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Thomas Keane, Federal Highway Administration Jay Klagge, University of Phoenix Arthur C. Jacoby, Federal
31、 Highway Administration Jay Klagge, University of Phoenix Ysela Llort, Florida Department of Transportation David Lutz, Oregon Department of Transportation T om Stephens, Nevada Department of Transportation Sandra Straehl, Montana Department of Transportation Jon Williams, TRB Ron Williams, Arizona
32、Department of Transportation 2010 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.user and non-user benefit analysis for highways vii Chair: Debra L. Miller, Kansas Vice Chair: Susan P . Mortel, Michigan Sec
33、retary: Michelle Maggiore, AASHTO Alabama Don T. Arkle P .E. Robert J. Jilla P .E. Alaska Ronald G. King Jeffery Ottesen Arizona John E. McGee Jennifer T oth P .E. Arkansas Scott E. Bennett Alan Meadors California Joan Sollenberger Colorado Jennifer Finch Sandi Kohrs Connecticut Robbin L. Cabelus De
34、laware Ralph Reeb Michael Strange District of Columbia Karina Ricks Florida W . David Lee Kathleen Neill Georgia Angela T. Alexander Harvey D. Keepler T odd I. Long Hawaii Ken T atsuguchi Idaho Matthew E. Moore P .E. Illinois Dick Smith Indiana V acant Iowa Stuart P . Anderson P .E. Kansas Chris J.
35、Herrick P .E. Kyle Schneweis Kentucky Keith Damron P .E. Mike Hancock Louisiana Eric I. Kalivoda Michael G. Schiro Maine Peter M. Coughlan P .E. Dale F . Doughty Kat Fuller, Chief Maryland Douglas H. Simmons Massachusetts David Mohler Michigan Polly Kent Minnesota Timothy A. Henkel Jonette R. Kreide
36、weis Mississippi Steven K. Edwards P .E., P .L.S. Juan Flores Jeffrey A. Pierce Missouri Machelle W atkins Montana V acant Lynn Zanto Nebraska Randall D. Peters P .E. Nevada Tracy Larkin-Thomason P .E., PTOE, CPM New Hampshire William E. W atson Jr. New Jersey Brent Barnes Robert Miller New Mexico P
37、atricia Oliver-Wright New York Lynn W eiskopf Robert Zerrillo North Carolina Deborah M. Barbour P .E. Mike Bruff P .E. Calvin W . Leggett P .E. North Dakota Scott Zainhofsky Ohio Jennifer T ownley Oklahoma Ginger McGovern P .E. David C. Streb P .E. Oregon Jerri Bohard Rian Windsheimer Pennsylvania J
38、ames D. Ritzman Larry S. Shifflet Thomas E. T enEyck Standing Committee on Planning 20092010 2010 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.viii user and non-user benefit analysis for highways Puerto R
39、ico Gabriel A. Rodriguez-Fernandez Rhode Island Robert A. Shawver P .E. South Carolina Ron Patton Mark Pleasant South Dakota Tim Bjorneberg Ben Orsbon Jerry Ortbahn Tennessee Ed Cole Chief of Environment and Planning Jeanne Stevens AICP Texas James L. Randall P .E. Utah Ahmad Jaber P .E. John H. Tho
40、mas P .E. Vermont V acant Virginia Marsha C. Fiol Mary Lynn Tischer Ph.D. Washington Brian J. Smith AICP West Virginia Robert L. Pennington P .E. Wisconsin Sandra K. Beaupre AICP Mark J. W olfgram Wyoming Martin Kidner P .E. U.S. DOT Member FHWA James A. Cheatham P .E. FRA Robert E. Martin Jr. FTA C
41、harles R. Goodman Associate MemberFederal USDA Forest Service Joel Krause Associate MemberInternational Alberta Brian Marcotte Manitoba Amar Chadha P .E. Northwest Territories Russell Neudorf Saskatchewan George Stamatinos 2010 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Official
42、s. All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.user and non-user benefit analysis for highways ix T able of Contents Chapter 1. Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1 Preface:
43、Why Use This Manual? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-1 General Purpose. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-1 Complicating Issues. . . . . .
44、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-2 Introduction to Benefit Measurement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-5 The W orkflo w Structure of This Manual. . . . . . . . .
45、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-7 Highway, Project, and Improvement T ypes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-7 Project Management Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
46、 . . . . . . . . . . . .1-11 Economic Analysis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-13 A Guide to the Chapters of the Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-13
47、Glossary of T erms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-14 Chapter 2. Concepts and Basic Methodologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1 Basic Concepts . . .
48、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-1 The Economi c Basis of Highway User Benefit Analysis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-2 A QuickGuide to User Benefit Analysis . . . . . . . . .
49、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-3 The Basic Ste ps of the Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-3 The Base Case v s. the Project Alternative. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-7 Defining the Base Case and the Project Alternative . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-8 Benefits and Costs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
