1、Transportation Reboot:Restarting Americas Most Essential Operating SystemThe Case for Capacity: To Unlock Gridlock, Generate Jobs, Deliver Freight, and Connect CommunitiesAMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF STATE HIGHWAY AND TRANSPORTATION OFFICIALSPART2OF A SERIESUnlocking FreightJULY 2010http:/ExpandingCapaci
2、ty.transportation.orgAcknowledgementsMuch of the freight-specific information and analysis contained in this report was drawn from the forthcoming AASHTO Freight Transportation Bottom Line reports. These reports were commissioned by the AASHTO Special Committee on Intermodal Transportation and Econo
3、mic Expansion, the Standing Committees on Rail and Water Transportation and the Subcommittee on Highway Transport, and prepared by Cambridge Systematics, Inc. The principal investigator for these reports is Lance Grenzeback for whom we offer special thanks for his assistance in updating information
4、and forecasts for this report.Other material cited in this report, including the estimates of capacity increases required, is drawn from research published in May 2007 by the Transportation Research Boards National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP). The report, Future Options for the Inte
5、rstate and Defense Highway System, can be accessed at http:/onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/trbnet/acl/NCHRP_20-24_52Task10_NCHRPFinal.pdfThe objective of the research project was to develop a potential vision for the future of the U.S. Interstate Highway System. The report was prepared by a study tea
6、m led by David Gehr and Steve Lockwood of PB Consult, Gary Maring of Cambridge Systematics, Inc., Kevin E. Heanue and Alan E. Pisarski.The analysis period considered in the Future Options Report was the 30 years from 2005 to 2035. In order for this report to be comparable to that of the National Sur
7、face Transportation Policy and Revenue Study Commissions report, Transportation for Tomorrow, AASHTO based its findings on the research conducted by PB, Cambridge Systematics, Pisarski and Heanue, but presented its recommendations using the 2050 time horizon. We have also updated the travel demand f
8、orecasts using more recent data from AASHTOs 2009 Bottom Line Report. The report also benefitted from the work Michael Gallis and Associates contributed to AASHTOs 2007 publication, A New Vision for the 21st Century.Find Your State Examples of Freight Capacity Needs at http:/ExpandingCapacity.transp
9、ortation.orgWhether its a traffic-choked interchange or a truck-only lane needed to accommodate increasing amounts of freight movement, states have a long and urgent list of capacity improvement projects. In response to an AASHTO survey, state departments of transportation have identified some of th
10、eir high priority needs. Full details on these projects are available at http:/ExpandingCapacity.transportation.org. 2010 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.John Horsley Executive DirectorForewor
11、dAASHTO Executive Director John HorsleyConsensus is growing among Congressional leadershipespecially House Transportation and Infrastructure Committee Chairman James Oberstar and Senate Environment and Public Works Committee Chairwoman Barbara Boxerthat “freight” should be a priority in the next Sur
12、face Transportation authorization. Two reasons for this new emphasis stand out: the growing recognition that an efficient freight system is important to a strong economy and jobs here at home, and that a vibrant and integrated freight system is a basic ingredient in keeping America competitive abroa
13、d.Based on AASHTOs analysis contained in this report, it is clear that the U.S. freight system is not keeping up with the demands being made on it. The collapse of the economy in late 2008 temporarily reduced the volumes of freight moving through our seaports, and reduced related truck and rail frei
14、ght activity. The time it takes for the economy to recover will give the freight system a breather before capacity deficiencies again constrain U.S. economic growth and productivity. During the interim, we must move aggressively to determine the system improvements needed and use this information to
15、 develop a strategic national freight plan that will take us there.We have prepared this report to describe how important an efficient freight system is to the economy, the congestion already taking place, the growth in anticipated demand, and the challenge of keeping America competitive in the worl
16、d economy.The country has a lot at stake. It is critically important for our national leaders to address the challenges ahead and to fund the freight system capacity we need.“The next time you are on a highway or city street, look around you. Notice the number of trucks, semis, and other cargo vehic
17、les. Now imagine in 20 years: For every two trucks you see on the road today, there will be an additional one right behind it, carrying the expected growth in food deliveries, goods, and manufacturing equipment. If we dont add more capacity, those additional trucks will be right next to you on the r
18、oadway, adding to congestion and delays. Is that a future you want to experience?” John Horsley, AASHTO Executive Directorpagei 2010 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.pageiiUnlocking FreightKey
19、FindingsThe transportation system that supports the movement of freight across America is facing a crisis. Our highways, railroads, ports, waterways, and airports require investment well beyond current levels to maintainmuch less improvetheir performance. Millions of jobs and our nations long-term e
20、conomic health are at risk.The need to move significantly more freight across the country and the world will increase substantially in the 21st century. The U.S. population reached 308 million in 2010, and is expected to reach 420 million by 2050. A larger population will consume more food, clothing
21、, and other commodities. By 2020, the U.S. trucking industry will move three billion more tons of freight than we haul today. To meet this demand, the industry will put another 1.8 million trucks on the road. In 20 years, for every two trucks now on the road, there will be an additional one right be
22、hind it, carrying the expected growth in food deliveries, goods, and manufacturing equipment. In 40 years, overall freight demand will double, from 15 billion tons today to 30 billion tons by 2050. Freight carried by trucks will increase 41 percent; by rail 38 percent from todays quantities. The num
23、ber of trucks on the road compared to today will also double. By 2015, the widening of the Panama Canal may shift significant volumes of goods from West Coast ports to Gulf ports and ports on the Atlantic Coast. These ports may not be deep enough for larger vessels or may not have adequate road or r
24、ail capacity to meet the new international trade demands. U.S. exports will grow at a rate of 5.8 percent annually, outpacing imports which are expected to increase annually by 4.2 percent. GROWINGSTORINGPACKAGINGDISTRIBUTINGEATINGFreight MovementFrom the Wheat Field to the Breakfast Table 2010 by t
25、he American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.pageiiiThe current capacity of our nations roads, rails, and seaports is not keeping pace with demand. Between 1980 and 2006, traffic on the Interstate Highway Syst
26、em increased by 150 percent, while Interstate capacity increased by only 15 percent. On average, 10,500 trucks a day travel some segments of the Interstate Highway System. By 2035, this will increase to 22,700 trucks for these portions of the Interstate, with the most heavily used segments seeing up
27、wards of 50,000 trucks a day. The amount of traffic experiencing congested conditions at peak hours in the nations most urban areas on the Interstate System doubled from 32 percent to over 67 percent. Nineteen states see the heaviest use; 88 percent of all these truck miles are centered around just
28、six statesCalifornia, Arkansas, Georgia, Tennessee, Texas and Pennsylvania. Major highway bottlenecks at urban Interstate interchanges cause tens of thousands of hours of delay each day, week, and year for truckers, business travelers, and commuters. Strings of bottlenecks are emerging along regiona
29、l and transcontinental freight routes, creating corridors of congestion instead of corridors of commerce. Estimates of the truck hours of delay for the worst freight-truck bottlenecks show that each of the top 10 highway interchange bottlenecks cause over a million truck-hours of delay per year, cos
30、ting $19 billion overall. More than half of the 240 locks funded by the US Army Corps of Engineers are more than 50 years old and have exceeded their economic design lives.The nations freight transportation system directly affects economic development, current and future jobs, and the quality of lif
31、e in our communities. More than 10 million people work in jobs in the freight transportation industry, from couriers, truckers, laborers, shippers, railroad conductors and mechanics to postal carriers, warehouse operators and stock clerks. Delays and idling trucks at bottlenecks and chokepoints exac
32、erbate negative air quality impacts on the surrounding communities. At-grade rail crossings in cities and towns disrupt daily commerce, create tie-ups and delays. 2010 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applica
33、ble law.pageivGreater investment, better planning and more highway and rail capacity are needed to address these problems. Expand the capacity of the Interstate Highway System.Add 32,000 lane-miles to the current Interstate system.1Upgrade 14,000 lane-miles of the current National Highway System to
34、Interstate standards.Add 14,000 lane-miles to NAFTA corridors.Add 8,000 lane-miles of truck-only toll facilities.Add 400 lane-miles to provide access to key port and intermodal facilities Create and fund a national freight program that could include multi-state freight corridor organizations at the
35、state, regional, and multi-state level.Develop a National Multimodal Strategic Freight Plan.Apportion approximately $3 billion annually of a proposed $375 billion highway program to the states for freight investment from the Highway Trust Fund, and add another $7 billion annually through freight fee
36、s outside the Highway Trust Fund. Invest in Intermodal Connector Improvements.Ensure funding eligibility for intermodal connectorsusually local roads in older industrial and residential neighborhoods used by truckers to travel between major highways and the nations ports, rail terminals, and air car
37、go hubs.Support increased collaboration between states and railroads on public-private partnerships and federal investment tax credits to finance growing needs on the freight rail network. Use the existing surplus from the federal Harbor Maintenance Trust Fund for critical seaport dredging projects.
38、 Additionally, direct the Federal Inland Waterway Trust Fund to complete needed lock and dam construction and maintenance projects. Photos courtesy of the Americas Road Team, American Trucking AssociationsState examples of freight capacity needs are at http:/expandingcapacity.transportation.org1One
39、lane-mile is one mile of one lane of a roadway; a one-mile length of a four-lane highway equals four lane miles. 2010 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.pagev“The nations 116 million households,
40、7.7 million business establishments, and 89,500 government units are part of an enormous economy that demands the efficient movement of freight. While the U.S. economy has been affected by the recent global recession, it is expected to fully recover and continue to grow.” Federal Highway Administrat
41、ion 2009“Athrivingeconomyisbuiltongoodtransportation.Someseemtothinkthatthenationisnowbuiltforalltimeandthatwecancontinuetoprosperwithoutexpandingourtransportationsystem.Theyarewrong.Thesimplefactis:Notransportation,Noeconomy.Theyareinseparable.WemustinvesttomaintainandstrengthentheAmerican“Transcon
42、omy.”AASHTOPresidentLarry(Butch)Brown,ExecutiveDirector,Mississinulli Denullrtnullnt onullTransnullrtationAmerica faces a freight transportation capacity crisis. Our highways, railroads, ports, waterways, and airports require investment well beyond current levels to maintainmuch less improvetheir pe
43、rformance. All systems are aging and stretched to capacity. The collapse of the economy in late 2008 temporarily reduced demand at seaports, and reduced truck and rail freight volumes. The time it takes for the economy to recover will give highway, rail, and port systems a breather before the capaci
44、ty of the freight system will again constrain U.S. economic growth. During this period, decision makers will need to find a way to fund the improvements needed to improve the national freight system.Transportation and the EconomyTransportation is vital to the U.S. economy. A $1.2 trillion industry,
45、it generates eight percent of the nations jobs and accounts for nine percent of the U.S. economy. More importantly, it provides the equipment and services that support all other industries, especially manufacturing, retail, services, agriculture, and natural resources, which together account for 84
46、percent of the U.S. economy.The performance of the nations freight transportation system directly affects: Economic Development and JobsReliable freight transportation gives businesses a competitive advantage in the global economy by providing them with the ability to deliver products at lower cost
47、while reaching larger markets. More than 10 million people work in jobs in the freight transportation industry, from couriers, truckers, laborers, shippers, railroad conductors and mechanics to postal carriers, warehouse operators and stock clerks. INTRODUCTIONFacing Americas Freight Capacity Crisis
48、 2010 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.pagevi Standard of LivingThe freight transportation system delivers an immense range of food, clothing, tools, materials, and services to homes and busine
49、sses. Consumers enjoy an unprecedented variety and quality of products because producers are able to manufacture, trade, and distribute across local, national, and global markets.This report addresses: The Growing Freight Demand Staying Competitive in the Global Economy Corridors of Congestion Instead of Corridors of Commerce What Needs to be Done to Keep Freight On the Move Longshore workers preparing Caterpillar equipment for a
