1、Guide to Residential Concrete Construction Reported by ACI Committee 332 ACI 332.1R-18First Printing May 2018 ISBN: 978-1-64195-010-7 Guide to Residential Concrete Construction Copyright by the American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI. All rights reserved. This material may not be reproduce
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11、, Specifications, and Practices. American Concrete Institute 38800 Country Club Drive Farmington Hills, MI 48331 Phone: +1.248.848.3700 Fax: +1.248.848.3701 www.concrete.orgThis guide provides practical information about the construction of residential concrete that meets or exceeds code requirement
12、s. It covers concrete work for one- and two-family dwellings with a maximum height of three stories above grade and a basement that is either cast-in-place or placed as precast members. Informa- tion on materials, proportions, production, delivery, and testing is provided. Separate chapters on footi
13、ngs, walls, and slabs provide information on subgrade, forms, reinforcement, placement, consol- idation, finishing, and curing. Special considerations regarding above-grade concrete systems (Chapter 6) and project consider- ations (Chapter 8) are included. Common problems and their repair are also a
14、ddressed. Although the discussion of specific design provisions and all drawings provided by this guide are intended to offer illustrations of typical practice, they should be verified as to whether they meet the requirements of specific codes or project specifications. Applicable codes and construc
15、tion documents take precedence over the information contained in this document. Keywords: finish; footing; foundation; form; residential; slab; slab-on- ground; subgrade; tolerance; wall. CONTENTS CHAPTER 1INTRODUCTION, p. 2 1.1Scope, p. 2 CHAPTER 2DEFINITIONS, p. 2 CHAPTER 3CONCRETE, p. 3 3.1Fundam
16、entals, p. 3 3.2Materials, p. 3 3.3Concrete properties, p. 5 3.4Mixture proportioning, p. 8 3.5Ordering, p. 10 3.6Production and delivery, p. 10 3.7Testing, p. 11 CHAPTER 4FOOTINGS, p. 11 4.1Purpose, p. 11 4.2Footing types, p. 11 4.3Footing design considerations, p. 12 4.4Footing construction, p. 19
17、 4.5Tolerances, p. 21 CHAPTER 5BELOW-GRADE WALLS, p. 22 5.1Forming systems for cast-in-place walls, p. 22 James R. Baty II, Chair James A. Farny, Secretary ACI 332.1R-18 Guide to Residential Concrete Construction Reported by ACI Committee 332 Brent Anderson William L. Arent Chuck S. Bajnai Joseph St
18、ephen Balik Claude J. Bergeron Anthony J Candiloro John P. Carr Michael A. Carter Michael W. Cook Jerry D. Coombs Barry A. Descheneaux Timothy J. Dickson Kelvin L. Doerr Gary J. Ehrlich Nader R. Elhajj William A. Fennell Jeff R. Filler Augusta Gaertner Robert L. Henry Barry Herbert Geoffrey Hichborn
19、 Sr. Bret Houck Morris Huffman Said Iravani Raj K. Jalla James S. Jensen Kirby Justesen Ashok M. Kakade Tarek S. Khan Lionel A. Lemay Kenneth A. Luttrell David R. Maul Warren E. McPherson Jr. Jereme Montgomery T. George Muste Anil K. Patnaik Dale A. Phillips Luke R. Pinkerton Dennis R. Purinton Jorg
20、e L. Quiros Jr. J. Edward Sauter Sylvester B. Schmidt Robert E. Sculthorpe Christopher R. Tull Michael H. Weber Mary J. Wilson Douglas C. Wittler Consulting Members Glen E. Bollin Ron E. Colvin Scott R. Humphreys John M. Jaffee Skip Reynolds Royce J. Rhoads ACI Committee Reports, Guides, and Comment
21、aries are intended for guidance in planning, designing, executing, and inspecting construction. This document is intended for the use of individuals who are competent to evaluate the significance and limitations of its content and recommendations and who will accept responsibility for the applicatio
22、n of the material it contains. The American Concrete Institute disclaims any and all responsibility for the stated principles. The Institute shall not be liable for any loss or damage arising therefrom. Reference to this document shall not be made in contract documents. If items found in this docume
23、nt are desired by the Architect/Engineer to be a part of the contract documents, they shall be restated in mandatory language for incorporation by the Architect/Engineer. ACI 332.1R-18 supersedes ACI 332.1R-06 and was adopted and published May 2018. Copyright 2018, American Concrete Institute. All r
24、ights reserved including rights of reproduction and use in any form or by any means, including the making of copies by any photo process, or by electronic or mechanical device, printed, written, or oral, or recording for sound or visual reproduction or for use in any knowledge or retrieval system or
25、 device, unless permission in writing is obtained from the copyright proprietors. 15.2Precast systems, p. 24 5.3Geometry, p. 25 5.4Reinforcement, p. 26 5.5Wall construction, p. 29 5.6Curing and protection, p. 34 5.7Moisture protection, p. 35 5.8Backfilling, p. 36 5.9Safety, p. 37 CHAPTER 6ABOVE-GRAD
26、E CONCRETE SYSTEMS, p. 38 6.1Overview, p. 38 6.2Above-grade walls, p. 39 6.3Materials and placement, p. 41 6.4Insulation systems, p. 42 6.5Design considerations, p. 43 6.6Exposed wall finishes, p. 44 6.7Services, p. 44 CHAPTER 7SLABS, p. 46 7.1Slabs-on-ground, p. 46 7.2Elevated slabs, p. 48 7.3Concr
27、ete, p. 49 7.4Placing and finishing, p. 49 7.5Jointing, p. 52 7.6Curing, p. 53 7.7Exposed floor finishes, p. 54 CHAPTER 8PROJECT CONSIDERATIONS, p. 54 8.1Ordering ready mixed concrete, p. 54 8.2Site considerations, p. 54 8.3Placement considerations, p. 55 8.4Special materials, p. 56 8.5Hot weather c
28、oncreting, p. 56 8.6Cold weather concreting, p. 57 8.7Troubleshooting, p. 57 CHAPTER 9REFERENCES, p. 60 Authored documents, p. 61 CHAPTER 1INTRODUCTION Concrete is the most widely used construction material throughout the world. Concrete is used in commercial struc- tures, transportation, water and
29、waste management, public works, farm construction, and utility and residential struc- tures. Based on the amount of concrete produced for each of these categories, residential construction accounts for the second largest application of concrete (PCA MI451D). 1.1Scope This guide provides practical in
30、formation about the construction of residential concrete that meets or exceeds code requirements, covering all concrete work within the scope defined in the “International Residential Code for One- and Two-Family Dwellings” (International Code Council 2018) and that of ACI 332. Provisions of these c
31、odes apply to detached one- and two-family dwellings and multiple single- family dwellings (townhomes) not more than three stories in height. These structures are no more than three stories above grade and may include a basement that is either cast-in-place or placed as precast members. Information
32、on materials, proportions, production, delivery, and testing is provided. Separate chapters on footings, walls, and slabs provide information on subgrade, forms, reinforcement, placement, consolidation, finishing, and curing. Special considerations regarding above-grade concrete systems in Chapter 6
33、 and project considerations in Chapter 8 are included. Common problems and their repair are also addressed. The discussion of specific design provisions and all drawings provided by this guide are intended to offer illustrations of typical prac- tice and should not be interpreted as meeting the requ
34、ire- ments of specific codes or project specifications. Applicable codes and construction documents take precedence over the information contained in this document. Information excluded from this guide includes deep foun- dation systems (such as piles, drilled piers, or caissons), free-standing reta
35、ining walls (greater than 4 ft 1.2 m), and post-tensioned slabs-on-ground. Limited information on the use of lightweight concrete is presented. This guide does not cover loading and design for seismic forces, with the excep- tion of guidance on types of connections between the sill plate and foundat
36、ion wall commonly used in higher seismic design categories. Additional information on seismic loading and design can be found in the “International Residential Code for One- and Two-Family Dwellings” (International Code Council 2018). CHAPTER 2DEFINITIONS Please refer to the latest version of ACI Co
37、ncrete Termi- nology for a comprehensive list of definitions. Definitions provided herein complement that resource. anchor strapmetal connector with corrosion resistance designed to transfer uplift, lateral forces, or both, from wood framing members to concrete foundations. bar diameterproper design
38、ation of the sizes for rein- forcement bars used in concrete construction, expressed as d b . fiber reinforcementslender and elongated filaments in the form of bundles, networks, or strands of any natural or manufactured material that can be distributed throughout freshly mixed concrete. fillmateria
39、l placed to bring grade or subgrade to the desired elevation. flowable fillself-consolidating cementitious material used primarily as a backfill in place of compacted fill. foundation wallsstructural members of a foundation that transmit loads to the footing or directly to the subgrade. hydrostatic
40、pressurepressure on a foundation wall due to water. insulated concrete formstay-in-place wall form made of foam plastic or other insulation materials that is filled with reinforced concrete; form remains in place to create fully insulated, reinforced concrete walls used for foundations, basements, a
41、nd above-grade load-bearing walls. moderately reinforced wallsstructural concrete walls reinforced with an amount of steel reinforcement including reinforcing bar and welded wire reinforcement less than that American Concrete Institute Copyrighted Material www.concrete.org 2 GUIDE TO RESIDENTAL CONC
42、RETE CONSTRUCTION (ACI 332.1R-18)required by ACI 332 or ACI 318 and shown to satisfy the design requirements for applied load without the need for additional steel reinforcement including reinforcing bar and welded wire reinforcement. pad footingisolated footing or column support that transfers vert
43、ical load from the structure above to the soil. plain reinforced wallsstructural concrete walls with no reinforcement required for design forces or with steel reinforcement including reinforcing bar and welded wire reinforcement for temperature, shrinkage, and crack control only. reinforced wallsstr
44、uctural concrete walls reinforced with no less than the minimum amount of steel reinforce- ment including reinforcing bar and welded wire reinforce- ment required by ACI 332. removable concrete formremovable wall form made of wood, aluminum, steel, or a combination of these mate- rials that is set t
45、o the desired wall design and filled with concrete; the forms are then removed to reveal concrete walls used for foundations, basements, and above-grade load-bearing walls. steel fiberpieces of smooth or deformed cold-drawn wire, smooth or deformed cut sheet, melt-extracted fibers, or other steel fi
46、bers that are sufficiently small to be dispersed at random in a concrete mixture. structural slabconcrete member that transfers load to supports through actions of flexure and shear; usually not supported by grade. synthetic fiberman-made fiber, commonly made of polypropylene, nylon, or polyester. t
47、hickened slabfooting constructed as an integral part of a floor slab. viscosity-modifying admixtureadmixture that enhances concrete performance by modifying the viscosity and control- ling the rheological properties of the concrete mixture; usually used in conjunction with high-range water-reducing
48、admix- tures to produce self-consolidating concrete mixtures. webmechanical connection in tension used in insulated concrete form systems to prevent forms from spreading due to the fluid pressure of fresh concrete; related to form ties used in removable forming systems. CHAPTER 3CONCRETE 3.1Fundamen
49、tals The main constituents for concrete used in residen- tial construction include cementitious materials (portland cement and supplementary cementitious materials SCMs), coarse aggregate (stone or gravel), fine aggregate (sand), and water. Concrete mixtures have become much more complex in the range of additional components, as designers and contractors have been introduced to the benefits of performance-enhancing ingredients. These include a variety of chemical admixtures, fibers, and mineral pigments fo
