1、ASD STANDARD NORME ASD ASD NORM prEN 4678 Edition P 1 January 2010 PUBLISHED BY THE AEROSPACE AND DEFENCE INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION OF EUROPE - STANDARDIZATIONAvenue de Tervuren, 270 - B-1150 Brussels - Tel. 32 2 775 8126 - Fax. 32 2 775 8131 - www.asd-stan.orgICS: Descriptors: ENGLISH VERSION Aerospac
2、e series Weldments and brazements for aerospace structures Joints of metallic materials by laser beam welding Quality of weldments Srie arospatiale Assemblages souds et brass pour constructions arospatiales Assemblages de matriaux mtalliques souds par faisceaux laser Qualit des assemblages souds Luf
3、t- und Raumfahrt Schweiund Ltverbindungen fr die Luftund Raumfahrt Lasers strahlschweien Qualitt der Schweiverbindungen This “Aerospace Series“ Prestandard has been drawn up under the responsibility of ASD-STAN (The AeroSpace and Defence Industries Association of Europe - Standardization). It is pub
4、lished for the needs of the European Aerospace Industry. It has been technically approved by the experts of the concerned Domain following member comments. Subsequent to the publication of this Prestandard, the technical content shall not be changed to an extent that interchangeability is affected,
5、physically or functionally, without re-identification of the standard. After examination and review by users and formal agreement of ASD-STAN, it will be submitted as a draft European Standard (prEN) to CEN (European Committee for Standardization) for formal vote and transformation to full European
6、Standard (EN). The CEN national members have then to implement the EN at national level by giving the EN the status of a national standard and by withdrawing any national standards conflicting with the EN. Edition approved for publication 31 January 2010Comments should be sent within six months afte
7、r the date of publication to ASD-STAN Metallic Material Domain Copyright 2010 by ASD-STAN Copyright ASD-STAN Provided by IHS under license with AECMA Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-prEN 4678:2010 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword2 1 Scope 3 2 Normative
8、references3 3 Terms and definitions .5 4 Terminology .5 5 Symbols and abbreviations11 6 General requirements11 7 Technical requirements for manufacturing new parts 16 8 Technical repair requirements .30 9 Special case .30 Foreword This standard was reviewed by the Domain Technical Coordinator of ASD
9、-STANs Metallic Material Domain. After inquiries and votes carried out in accordance with the rules of ASD-STAN defined in ASD-STANs General Process Manual, this standard has received approval for Publication. Copyright ASD-STAN Provided by IHS under license with AECMA Not for ResaleNo reproduction
10、or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-prEN 4678:2010 (E) 3 1 Scope This standard defines the rules to be observed to ensure the quality of aerospace structures in metallic materials by (solid code 521 and gas code 522 and diode laser Semi-conductor 523 according to EN ISO 4063) laser
11、beam welding, implemented automatically, semi-automatically or manually. It is applicable without any restriction for the manufacturing of new parts or repair parts, these operations being under the responsibility of an approved Design Authority or repairer. 2 Normative references The following refe
12、renced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the reference document (including any amendments) applies. EN 875, Destructive tests on welds in metallic materials Impact test
13、s Test specimen location, notch orientation and examination EN 895, Destructive tests on welds in metallic materials Transverse tensile test EN 910, Destructive tests on welds in metallic materials Bend tests EN 1011-6, Welding Recommendations for welding of metallic materials Part 6: Laser beam wel
14、d EN 1043-2, Destructive tests on welds in metallic materials Hardness test Part 2: Micro hardness testing on welded joints EN 1435, Non-destructive examination of welds Radiographic examination of welded joints EN 1714, Non destructive examination of welds Ultrasonic examination of welded joints EN
15、 4179, Aerospace series Qualification and approval of personnel for non-destructive testing EN 4632-001, Aerospace series Weldability and brazeability of materials Part 003: Homogeneous assemblies of unalloyed and low alloy steels EN 4632-002, Aerospace series Welded and brazed assemblies for aerosp
16、ace constructions Weldability and brazeability of materials Part 002: Homogeneous assemblies aluminium and aluminium alloys EN 4632-003, Aerospace series Weldability and brazeability of materials in aerospace constructions Part 003: Homogeneous assemblies of unalloyed and low alloy steels 1)EN 4632-
17、004, Aerospace series Welded and brazed assemblies for aerospace constructions Weldability and brazeability of materials Part 004: Homogeneous assemblies highly alloyed steels 2) EN 4632-005, Aerospace series Weldability and brazeability of materials in aerospace constructions Part 005: Welding and
18、brazing of homogenous assemblies of heat resisting Ni or Co base alloys 1)1) Published as ASD-STAN Prestandard at the date of publication of this standard. 2) In preparation at the date of publication of this standard. Copyright ASD-STAN Provided by IHS under license with AECMA Not for ResaleNo repr
19、oduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-prEN 4678:2010 (E) 4 EN 4632-006, Aerospace series Welded and brazed assemblies for aerospace constructions Weldability and brazeability of materials Part 006: Homogeneous assemblies titanium alloys 2)EN ISO 4063, Welding and allied proce
20、sses Nomenclature of processes and reference numbers EN ISO 6507-1, Metallic materials Vickers hardness test Part 1: Test method EN ISO 6947, Welds Working positions Definitions of angles of slope and rotation EN ISO 11145, Optics and photonics Lasers and laser-related equipment Vocabulary and symbo
21、ls EN ISO 15609-4, Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials Welding procedure specification Part 4: Laser beam welding EN ISO 15616-1, Acceptance tests for CO2-laser beam machines for high quality welding and cutting Part 1: General principles, acceptance conditio
22、ns EN ISO 15616-2, Acceptance tests for CO2-laser beam machines for high quality welding and cutting Part 2: Measurement of static and dynamic accuracy EN ISO 15616-3, Acceptance tests for CO2-laser beam machines for high quality welding and cutting Part 3: Calibration of instruments for measurement
23、 of gas flow and pressure EN ISO 22827-1, Acceptance tests for Nd:YAG laser beam welding machines Machines with optical fibre delivery Part 1: Laser assembly EN ISO 22827-2, Acceptance tests for Nd:YAG laser beam welding machines Machines with optical fibre delivery Part 2 : Moving mechanism ISO 857
24、-1, Welding and allied processes Vocabulary Part 1: Metal welding processes ISO 4969, Steel Macroscopic examination by etching with strong mineral acids ISO 14731, Welding coordination Tasks and responsibilities ISO 17636, Non-destructive testing of welds Radiographic testing of fusion-welded joints
25、 ISO 17639, Destructive tests on welds in metallic materials Macroscopic and microscopic examination of welds ISO 17640, Non-destructive testing of welds Ultrasonic testing of welded joints ISO 22826, Destructive test in weld in Metallic materials hardness, testing of narrow joins by laser electron
26、beam (Vickers knoop hardness test) ISO 24394, Welding for aerospace applications Qualification test for welders and welding operators Fusion welding of metallic components ISO/TR 25901, Welding and related processes Vocabulary NAS 410, Certification and qualification of non-destructive test personne
27、l 3)3) Published by: National Standards Association, Inc., 1200 Quince Orchard Blvd, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, United States. Copyright ASD-STAN Provided by IHS under license with AECMA Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-prEN 4678:2010 (E) 5 3 Terms and
28、definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions given in ISO 857-1 and EN ISO 11145 standards apply. 4 Terminology 4.1 Laser beam welding Fusion welding process (using radiation) in which the heat required for the fusion is provided by the coherent and monochromati
29、c light emitted by a laser focused by an optical system either: solid (FLS or 521 according to EN ISO 4063); Example: YAG: (Yttrium Aluminium Garnet) doped with neodymium. The wavelength of corresponding radiation is 1,06 m; or gas (FLG or 522 according to EN ISO 4063); Example: CO2wavelength of cor
30、responding radiation is 10,6 m; Diode laser welding Semi-conductor laser welding or 523. The word laser is the acronym for “Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation“. 4.2 Weldability 4.2.1 Concept of weldability It is considered that a metallic material is weldable to a given degree,
31、by a given process or for a given application type when, it can be used to produce a weld provided that precautions corresponding to this degree are taken, and if the characteristics and the consequences of the presence of the weld satisfy the required properties chosen as the basis for a judgement.
32、 4.2.2 Weldability degrees Weldability of materials is assessed according to the following four degrees (see EN 4632-001): degree 1: material with very good weldability, for which no special precautions are necessary. To be used in preference. degree 2: material with good weldability but which may r
33、equire special welding precautions (for example, preheating, low welding speed, etc.). degree 3: material with poor weldability, requiring specific development for each part type and which may involve manufacturing uncertainties. Not to be recommended. degree 4: material with very poor weldability.
34、To be avoided. 4.3 Technical terms 4.3.1 Welding positions Welding positions, see Figure 1 (according to EN ISO 6947 standard). Copyright ASD-STAN Provided by IHS under license with AECMA Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-prEN 4678:2010 (E) 6 Figure 1
35、 Flat position PA Horizontal welding, with vertical beam axis. Horizontal-vertical position PB Horizontal welding. Horizontal position PC Horizontal welding, horizontal beam axis. Horizontal overhead position PD Horizontal welding, overhead. Overhead position PE Horizontal welding, overhead, vertica
36、l beam axis. Vertical position up PF Welding up. Vertical position down PG Welding down. 4.3.2 Welding parameters Run-on or run-off plates See ISO/TR 25901. Run-out Interval encompassing all geometrical irregularities of the joint plane NOTE This interval is measured on the detail parts, positioned
37、in their welding setup, and is used as a reference to determine the minimum width of the weld zone. Beam centering Alignment of the beam axis on the joint plane. Beam shift Deviation of beam position compared with the effective position of joint plane in certain heterogeneous welds (materials and/or
38、 dissimilar thicknesses). Flat PAHorizontal-vertical PBHorizontal PC Horizontal PC Horizontal-vertical PBOverhead horizontal PD Overhead horizontal PD Overhead PECopyright ASD-STAN Provided by IHS under license with AECMA Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS
39、-,-,-prEN 4678:2010 (E) 7 Level distance difference in level (height) between two detail parts at the joint plane Firing distance Distance between the impact point of the beam on detail parts and a reference surface linked to the machine (example: end of nozzle). Specific welding energy Ratio betwee
40、n the beam power over the welding speed, multiplied by 60. Paverage(W) is measured at nozzle exit side. J/cm)(k(cm/min)000160)(averageaverageVWPE Slope (or ramp) down Operating conditions for which the depth of penetration differs in a decreasing manner according to a slope, a series of ramps or ste
41、ps, as shown in Figure 2. Slope down occurs either according to time or distance. Figure 2 Slope (or ramp) up Controlled increase of the beam power at the beginning of the welding Clearance before welding Distance measured on a straight section of the joint between the sides to weld. The clearance d
42、epends on the design of the welded joint (for circular axial welds or circular welds see EN 1011-6). Power rise Operating conditions for which the penetration depth varies incrementally. Parameters SpeedBeam powerTime P nominal Copyright ASD-STAN Provided by IHS under license with AECMA Not for Resa
43、leNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-prEN 4678:2010 (E) 8 Focusing level Distance between the beam impact point on the detail parts and the focusing point (see Figure 3). Conventionally, this distance is negative when the focusing point is within the detail parts. K
44、ey 1 Positive focusing level ( 1 mm) 2 Focusing level 0 3 Negative focusing level ( 1 mm) 4 Firing distance 5 Detail part Figure 3 Beam power The laser beam power is measured with a calorimeter which absorbs all or part of the beam Welding speed Length of the weld on beam impact side produced per ti
45、me unit. 4.3.3 Other technical terms Welding campaign Series of welding operations on identical parts, executed on the same machine, without any changes to adjustments, without performing other welds on the machine, without interrupting manufacturing for more than a week (working days). Welding cycl
46、e Succession of different welding operations performed by the welding machine to make a weld. Tacking pass Pre-assembling of elementary detail parts using the same process as the one used for welding, consisting of making slightly penetrating, narrow weld, continuous or discontinuous along the joint
47、 plane. The purpose is to maintain detail parts in position. 1 2 35 4Copyright ASD-STAN Provided by IHS under license with AECMA Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-prEN 4678:2010 (E) 9 Adjustment verification specimen This is a flat or round test speci
48、men of the same material, subjected to the same heat treatments as the detail parts, on which a melt run will be made in the middle using the parameters identical to those used for parts, and for which the relation between the micrographic shape of the cross section cut of the bead and that obtained on test specimens or real parts has been previously defined. Structural state State of the crystalline metal structure Manufacturing Execution of welding operations on new parts or parts being repaired Stabili
