1、ANSI/AGMA 2003-C10Revision of ANSI/AGMA 2003-B97American National StandardRating the Pitting Resistanceand Bending Strength ofGenerated Straight Bevel,Zerol Bevel and Spiral BevelGear TeethANSI/AGMA2003-C10iiRating the Pitting Resistance and Bending Strength of Generated StraightBevel, Zerol Bevel a
2、nd Spiral Bevel Gear TeethANSI/AGMA 2003-C10Revision of ANSI/AGMA 2003-B97ApprovalofanAmericanNationalStandardrequiresverificationbyANSIthattherequire-ments for due process, consensus, and other criteria for approval have been met by thestandards developer.Consensusisestablishedwhen,inthejudgmentoft
3、heANSIBoardofStandardsReview,substantial agreement has been reached by directly and materially affected interests.Substantialagreementmeansmuchmorethanasimplemajority,butnotnecessarilyuna-nimity. Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered, and that aconcerted effort be made towar
4、d their resolution.TheuseofAmericanNationalStandardsiscompletelyvoluntary;theirexistencedoesnotin any respect preclude anyone, whether he has approved the standards or not, frommanufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures notconforming to the standards.The Americ
5、an National Standards Institute does not develop standards and will in nocircumstances give an interpretation of any American National Standard. Moreover, noperson shall have the right or authority to issue an interpretation ofan American NationalStandardinthenameoftheAmericanNationalStandardsInstit
6、ute. Requestsforinterpre-tation of this standard should be addressed to the American Gear ManufacturersAssociation.CAUTION NOTICE: AGMA technical publications are subject to constant improvement,revision, or withdrawal as dictated by experience. Any person who refers to any AGMAtechnical publication
7、 should be sure that the publication is the latest available from theAssociation on the subject matter.Tablesorotherself-supportingsectionsmaybereferenced. Citationsshouldread: SeeANSI/AGMA 2003-C10, Rating the Pitting Resistance and Bending Strength of Gener-atedStraightBevel,ZerolBevelandSpiralBev
8、elGearTeeth,published bytheAmericanGearManufacturersAssociation,500MontgomeryStreet,Suite350,Alexandria,Virginia22314, http:/www.agma.org.Approved March 17, 2010ABSTRACTThis standard specifies a method for rating the pitting resistance and bending strength of generated straightbevel, zerol bevel and
9、 spiral bevel gear teeth. A detailed discussion of factors influencing gear survival and acalculation method are provided.Published byAmerican Gear Manufacturers Association500 Montgomery Street, Suite 350, Alexandria, Virginia 22314Copyright 2010 by American Gear Manufacturers AssociationAll rights
10、 reserved.No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronicretrieval system or otherwise, without prior written permission of the publisher.Printed in the United States of AmericaISBN: 978-1-55589-975-2AmericanNationalStandardANSI/AGMA 2003-C10AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDiii
11、AGMA 2010 - All rights reservedContentsPageForeword v.1 Scope 1.2 Nomenclature 23 Applicability 54 Criteria for gear tooth capacity 75 Fundamental rating formulas 8.6 Pinion torque 107 Overload factor, Ko(KA)108 Safety factor, SHand SF11.9 Service factors 1110 Dynamic factor, Kv12.11 Size factors, C
12、s(Zx), Ks(Yx5.12 Load distribution factor, Km(KH)16.13 Crowning factor for pitting, Cxc(Zxc714 Lengthwise curvature factor for bending strength, Kx(Y)1815 Geometry factors, I (ZI) and J (YJ16 Stress cycle factors, CL(ZNT) and KL(YNT)1917 Hardness ratio factor for pitting resistance, CH(ZW)21.18 Temp
13、erature factor, KT(K)22.19 Reliability factors, CR(ZZ) and KR(YZ320 Elastic coefficient for pitting resistance, Cp(ZE21 Allowable stress numbers 24.AnnexesA Values for overload factor, Ko(KA)3.B Miners Rule 35C Geometry factors, I and J 39.C(M)Geometry factors, ZIand YJ50.D Geometry factor figures 6
14、0.E Bevel gear sample calculations 71Figures1 Dynamic factor, Kv14.2 Bevel gear pitting resistance size factor, Cs(Zx)153 Bevel gear strength size factor, Ks(Yx64 Load distribution factor, Km(KH), for crowned teeth 175 Stress cycle factor for pitting resistance, CL(ZNT) (carburized casehardened stee
15、l bevel gears) 20.6 Stress cycle factor for bending strength, KL(YNT) (carburized casehardened steel bevel gears) 20.7 Hardness ratio factor, CH(ZW), for through hardened pinion and gear 21.8 Hardness ratio factor, CH(ZW), for surface hardened pinions 22.9 Allowable contact stress number for through
16、 hardened steel gears,sac(H lim)24ANSI/AGMA 2003-C10 AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDiv AGMA 2010 - All rights reserved10 Bending stress number (allowable) for through hardened steel gears,sat(F lim)26.11 Typical minimum effective case depth for carburized gears, he(hc)27.12 Minimum total case depth for n
17、itrided gears, hc2813 Core hardness coefficient, Uc29Tables1 Symbols used in gear rating equations 3.2 Reliability factors 233 Allowable contact stress number, sac (H lim), for steel gears 244 Allowable contact stress number, sac (H lim, for iron gears 255 Bending stress number (allowable), sat (F l
18、im), for steel gears 25.6 Bending stress number (allowable), sat (F lim), for iron gears 257 Hardening process factors 278 Major metallurgical factors affecting carburized and hardened gears 309 Major metallurgical factors affecting nitrided gears 3210 Major metallurgical factors affecting through h
19、ardened gears 3211 Major metallurgical factors affecting flame or induction hardened gears 33.ANSI/AGMA 2003-C10AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDv AGMA 2010 - All rights reservedForewordThe foreword, footnotes and annexes, if any, in this document are provided forinformationalpurposesonlyandarenottobeconst
20、ruedasapartofANSI/AGMAStandard2003-C10, Rating the Pitting Resistance and Bending Strength of Generated StraightBevel, Zerol Bevel and Spiral Bevel Gear Teeth.This standard presents general formulas for rating pitting resistance and bending strengthof generated straight bevel, zerol bevel and spiral
21、 bevel gear teeth, and supersedes thefollowing previous standards:AGMA212.02,StandardforSurfaceDurability(Pitting)FormulasforStraightBevelandZerol Bevel Gear TeethAGMA 216.01, Standard for Surface Durability (Pitting) Formulas for Spiral BevelGearTeethAGMA222.02,StandardforRatingTheStrengthofStraigh
22、tBevelandZerolBevelGearTeethAGMA 223.01, Standard for Rating the Strength of Spiral Bevel Gear TeethThe purpose of standard 2003-A86 was to establish a common base for rating varioustypes of bevel gears for differing applications and to encourage the maximum practicaldegree of uniformity and consist
23、ency between rating practices within the gear industry.The formulas presented in this standard contain numerous terms whose individual valuescan vary significantly depending on application, system effects, accuracy andmanufacturingmethod.Properevaluationofthesetermsisessentialforrealisticrating.Thek
24、nowledge and judgment required to properly evaluate the various rating factors comeprimarily from years of accumulated experience in designing, testing, manufacturing andoperating similar gear units. The detailed treatment of the general rating formulas forspecific product applications is best accom
25、plished by those experienced in the field.ANSI/AGMA 2003-A86 consolidated and updated previous standards to facilitateapplication by elimination of redundant material, and also to stress the importance ofchecking both pitting resistance and bending strength aspects to insure a reliable and wellbalan
26、ced design.The first draft of ANSI/AGMA 2003-A86 was made in May 1980. It was approved by theAGMA membership in June, 1985. It was approved as an American National Standard onMay 2, 1986, but was not published until early 1987. The edition contained editorial itemswhich were discovered after publica
27、tionand correctedbythemembersofthe AGMAGearRating Committee in the spring of 1988.AGMA2003-B97beganasaproposalbytheUSDelegationtotheInternationalStandardsOrganization (ISO) in 1988 as an effort to reach a consensus. It contained revisions andupdates which made it closer to ISO as follows:- The calcu
28、lations for dynamic factor and geometry factors appeared in a draft of ISO10300;- ThetableforloaddistributionfactorwasthesameasappearsinadraftofISO10300;- The material grade requirements were similar to those of ISO 6336-5;- EachsymbolusedinAGMA2003-B97hadtheISOequivalentsymboladjacenttoitin parenth
29、eses.Several significant changes were introduced in AGMA 2003-B97:- Theintroductionofmaterialgraderequirementstoprovideguidanceintheselectionof stress numbers;ANSI/AGMA 2003-C10 AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDvi AGMA 2010 - All rights reserved- The replacement of the external dynamic factor;- Replacing t
30、he internal dynamic factor with a new dynamic factor;- Equations for size factor for bending and pitting resistance were introduced;- An adjustment of the load distribution factor;- Revision of the allowable stress numbers;- Elimination of the stress correction factor;- Thelifefactorcurveforpittingr
31、esistancewasadjustedtocompensateforrevisionstopreviously mentioned factors;- The fundamental contact stress formula was adjusted to remove the termaccommodating light load conditions.ThetermzerolorZerolisusedtodefineaspiralbevelgearwithazerospiralangle. Zerolisaregistered trademark of the Gleason Wo
32、rks.This standard, ANSI/AGMA 2003-C10, is a revision of its superseded version. The sizefactorforpittingresistanceaddressedinclause11,wasupdatedtoincorporateexperiencewhichhasbeengainedwithuseofthestandard. Editorialchangesweremadetoequations10M, C103M and figure 3. All other material in the standar
33、d remains unchanged.ThefirstdraftofANSI/AGMA2003-C10wasmadeinNovember2008. Itwasapprovedbythe AGMA membership in March 4, 2010. It was approved as an American NationalStandard on March 17, 2010.Suggestionsforimprovementofthisstandardwillbewelcome. TheyshouldbesenttotheAmericanGearManufacturersAssoci
34、ation,500MontgomeryStreet,Suite350,Alexandria,Virginia 22314.ANSI/AGMA 2003-C10AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDvii AGMA 2010 - All rights reservedPERSONNEL of the AGMA Bevel Gearing CommitteeChairman: Robert F. Wasilewski Arrow Gear Company.Vice Chairman: George Lian Amarillo Gear Company LLCACTIVE MEMBER
35、SW. Bradley, III ConsultantM.E. Cowan Gleason-M curved and skewed tooth.They apply equally to tapered depth and uniformdepth teeth.The knowledge and judgment required to evaluatethe various rating factors come from years ofaccumulated experience in designing, manufactur-ingandoperatinggearunits. Emp
36、iricalfactorsgivenin this standard are general in nature. AGMAapplication standards may use other empiricalfactors that are more closely suited to the particularfieldofapplication. Thisstandardisintendedforuseby the experienced gear designer, capable ofselecting reasonable values for the factors. It
37、 is notintended for use by the engineering public at large.1.2 ExceptionsThe rating formulas in this standard are not applica-bletoothertypesofgeartoothdeteriorationsuchasscuffing, wear, plastic yielding, scoring, casecrushing and welding and are not applicable whenvibratory conditions exceed the li
38、mits specified forthe normal operation of the gears (see ANSI/AGMA6000-B96,SpecificationforMeasurementofLateralVibration on Gear Units).The formulas of this standard are not applicablewhen any of the following conditions exist:- bevel gears with offset, such as hypoids;- straightandzerolbevelgearswi
39、thtransversecontact ratios, mp() less than 1.0;- bevel gears with modified contact ratios, mo() less than 1.0;- bevel gears which have a poor contactpattern;- interference exists between tips of teeth androot fillets;- teeth are pointed;- backlash is zero;- bevel teeth finished by forging, casting o
40、rsintering.Design considerations to prevent fractures emanat-ingfromstressrisersonthetoothprofile,tipchippingandfailuresofthegearblankthroughtheweborhubshould be analyzed by general machine designmethods.1.2.1 ScuffingFormulasforscuffingresistanceonbevelgearteetharenotincludedinthisstandard. Atthepr
41、esenttime,there is insufficient agreement concerning themethod for designing bevel gears to resist scuffingfailure.1.2.2 WearVery little attention and concern have been devotedtothestudyofgeartoothwear. Thissubjectprimarilyconcerns gear teeth with low surface hardness orgears with improper lubricati
42、on. No attempt hasbeenmadetocovergeartoothwearinthisstandard.1.2.3 Plastic yieldingThisstandarddoesnotextendtostresslevelsabovethose permissible for 103cycles, since stresses inthis range may exceed the elastic limit of the gearANSI/AGMA 2003-C10 AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD2 AGMA 2010 - All rights re
43、servedtooth in bending or in surface compressive stress.Depending on the material and the load imposed, asingle load cycle exceeding the stress level for 103life cycles (see clause 16) can result in plasticyielding of the gear tooth.2 Nomenclature2.1 Normative referencesThe following standards conta
44、in provisions which,throughreferenceinthistext,constituteprovisionsofthisstandard. Allstandardsaresubjecttorevisions,and parties to agreements based on this standardare encouraged to investigate the possibility ofapplying the most recent editions of the standardsindicated below.The terms used in thi
45、s standard, wherever applica-ble, conform to the definitions given in the followingstandards:AGMA 390.03a, Handbook Gear Classification,MaterialsandMeasuringMethodsforBevel,Hypo-id, Fine Pitch Wormgearing and Racks Only asUnassembled GearsAMS 2300G, Cleanliness, Premium Aircraft-Quality, Magnetic Pa
46、rticle Inspection ProcedureAMS 2301G, Cleanliness, Aircraft-Quality SteelMagnetic Particle Inspection ProcedureAMS 2304, Special Aircraft-Quality SteelCleanliness, Magnetic Particle Inspection Proce-dureANSI/AGMA1010-E95,AppearanceofGearTeeth- Terminology of Wear and FailureANSI/AGMA 1012-G05, Gear
47、Nomenclature,Definitions of Terms with SymbolsANSI/AGMA 2005-D03, Design Manual for BevelGearsANSI/AGMA 2007-C00, Surface Temper EtchInspection After GrindingANSI/AGMA 2008-C01, Standard for AssemblingBevel GearsANSI/AGMA6000-B96,SpecificationforMeasure-ment of Lateral Vibration on Gear UnitsANSI/AG
48、MA 6033-A88, Standard for MarinePropulsion Gear Units - Part 1, MaterialsANSI/AGMA9005-E02,IndustrialGearLubricationASTM A48-94a, Specification for Grey IronCastingsASTM A388-M95, Practice for UltrasonicExamination of Heavy Steel ForgingASTM A534-94, Specification for CarburizingSteels for Anti-fric
49、tion BearingsASTM A535-85, Specification for Special QualityBall and Roller Bearing SteelASTM A536-84, Specification for Ductile IronCastingsASTM A866-94, Specification for Medium CarbonAnti-friction Bearing SteelASTM E112-95, Test Methods for Determining theAverage Grain SizeASTM E428-92, Practice for Fabrication and Con-trol of Steel Reference Blocks used in UltrasonicInspectionASTM E709-95, Practice for Magnetic ParticleExamination2.2 SymbolsThe symbols used in formul
