1、ANSI/AGMA/AWEA 6006-A03Supersedes AGMA/AWEA 921-A97Reaffirmed March 2010American National StandardStandard for Design andSpecifications of Gearboxes forWind TurbinesANSI/AGMA/AWEA6006-A03iiStandard for Design and Specification of Gearboxes for Wind TurbinesANSI/AGMA/AWEA 6006-A03Approval of an Ameri
2、can National Standard requires verification by ANSI that the require-ments for due process, consensus, and other criteria for approval have been met by thestandards developer.Consensus is established when, in the judgment of the ANSI Board of Standards Review,substantial agreement has been reached b
3、y directly and materially affected interests.Substantial agreement means much more than a simple majority, but not necessarily una-nimity. Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered, and that aconcerted effort be made toward their resolution.The use of American National Standards
4、 is completely voluntary; their existence does notin any respect preclude anyone, whether he has approved the standards or not, frommanufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures notconforming to the standards.The American National Standards Institute does not deve
5、lop standards and will in nocircumstances give an interpretation of any American National Standard. Moreover, noperson shall have the right or authority to issue an interpretation of an American NationalStandard in the name of the American National Standards Institute. Requests for interpre-tation o
6、f this standard should be addressed to the American Gear ManufacturersAssociation.CAUTION NOTICE: AGMA technical publications are subject to constant improvement,revision, or withdrawal as dictated by experience. Any person who refers to any AGMAtechnical publication should be sure that the publicat
7、ion is the latest available from the As-sociation on the subject matter.Tables or other self-supporting sections may be referenced. Citations should read: SeeANSI/AGMA/AWEA 6006-A03, Standard for Design and Specification of Gearboxes forWind Turbines, published by the American Gear Manufacturers Ass
8、ociation, 500 Mont-gomery Street, Suite 350, Alexandria, Virginia 22314, http:/www.agma.org.Approved January 9, 2004ABSTRACTThis standard is intended to apply to wind turbine gearboxes. It provides information for specifying, selecting,designing, manufacturing, procuring, operating and maintaining r
9、eliable speed increasing gearboxes for windturbine generator system service.Annex information is supplied on: wind turbine architecture, wind turbine load description, quality assurance,operation and maintenance, minimum purchaser gearbox manufacturer ordering data, lubrication selectionand monitori
10、ng, determination of an application factor from a load spectrum using the equivalent torque, andbearing stress calculations.Published byAmerican Gear Manufacturers Association500 Montgomery Street, Suite 350, Alexandria, Virginia 22314Copyright 2003 by American Gear Manufacturers AssociationAll righ
11、ts reserved.No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronicretrieval system or otherwise, without prior written permission of the publisher.Printed in the United States of AmericaISBN: 1-55589-817-3.AmericanNationalStandardANSI/AGMA/AWEA 6006-A03AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD
12、iii AGMA 2003 - All rights reservedContentsPageForeword iv.1 Scope 1.2 Normative references 1.3 Definitions and symbols 2.4 Design specification 7.5 Gearbox design and manufacturing requirements 116 Lubrication 287 Other important items 33Bibliography 92.AnnexesA Wind turbine architecture 35.B Wind
13、turbine load description 41C Quality assurance 49D Operation and maintenance 55.E Minimum purchaser and gearbox manufacturer ordering data 57F Lubrication selection and condition monitoring 61.G General gear information 77.H Determination of the application factor, KA, from a given load spectrumusin
14、g the equivalent torque, Teq79I Bearing stress calculation 83.Figures1 3-stage parallel shaft gearbox 20.2 3-stage planet/helical hybrid 203 Bearing assembly 21Tables1 Symbols 3.2 Minimum basic rating life, Lh1013.3 Guide values for maximum contact stress for rolling element bearings atMiners sum dy
15、namic equivalent bearing load 134 Bearing lubricant operating temperature for calculation of viscosity ratio, 14.5 Temperature gradients for calculation of operating clearance 15.6 Required gear accuracy 177 Recommended gear tooth surface roughness 178 Bearings for combined loads 189 Bearings for pu
16、re radial load 1910 Bearings for pure axial loads 1911 Bearing selection matrix - legend to symbols 2212 Bearing selection matrix for the low speed shaft/planet carrier 2213 Bearing selection matrix for the low speed intermediate shaft 2314 Bearing selection matrix for the high speed intermediate sh
17、aft 24.15 Bearing selection matrix for the high speed shaft 25.16 Bearing selection matrix for the planet wheel 2617 Lubricant cleanliness 30.ANSI/AGMA/AWEA 6006-A03 AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDiv AGMA 2003 - All rights reservedForewordThe foreword, footnotes and annexes, if any, in this document are
18、provided forinformational purposes only and are not to be construed as a part of ANSI/AGMA/AWEA6006-A03, Standard for Design and Specification of Gearboxes for Wind Turbines.The operation and loading of a wind turbine speed increasing gearbox is unlike most othergear applications. The intent of this
19、 standard is to describe the differences. Much of theinformation is based on field experience. This standard is a tool whereby wind turbine andgearbox manufacturers can communicate and understand each others needs indeveloping a gearbox specification for wind turbine applications. The annexes presen
20、tinformative discussion of various issues specific to wind turbine applications and geardesign.A combined committee of AWEA and AGMA members representing wind turbinemanufacturers, operators, researchers, consultants, and gear, bearing and lubricantmanufacturers were responsible for the drafting and
21、 development of this standard.The committee first met in 1993 to develop AGMA/AWEA 921A97, RecommendedPractices for Design and Specification of Gearboxes for Wind Turbine Generator Systems.The AGMA Information Sheet was approved by the AGMA/AWEA Wind Turbine GearCommittee on October 25, 1996 and by
22、the AGMA Technical Division Executive Committeeon October 28, 1996. This standard supersedes AGMA/AWEA 921A97.The first draft of ANSI/AGMA/AWEA 6006-A03 was made in March, 2000. It was approvedby the AGMA membership in October, 2003. It was approved as an American NationalStandard on January 9, 2004
23、.Suggestions for improvement of this standard will be welcome. They should be sent to theAmerican Gear Manufacturers Association, 500 Montgomery Street, Suite 350, Alexandria,Virginia 22314.ANSI/AGMA/AWEA 6006-A03AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDv AGMA 2003 - All rights reservedPERSONNEL of the AGMA/AWEA W
24、ind Turbine CommitteeChairman: B. Reardon FPL Energy.Vice Chairman: J. Muller GEARTECH.ACTIVE MEMBERSJ.B. Amendola MAAG Gear AGC.D. Barrett BP Chemicals.J. Bello GE Transportation SystemsA.B. Cardis Exxon Mobil Rthe type of gearing; the gear arrangement; thenumber of high speed shafts; the location
25、and type ofpower take-off gears (PTO); and the method oflubrication.All requirements for the geometric configuration ofthe gearbox shall be specified. This may include: theoverall length, width, or height; the distance betweenshaft centers; length of shaft extensions; angle ofshaft tilt or offset; g
26、ear housing split plane; themaximum weight, or other features.A detailed description of all components interfacedto the gearbox shall be provided. Each interfaceshall be detailed for mounting, support and loading.4.3.2 Rotor speedThe rotor speed, or speed range, shall be specified.This shall include
27、 expected speed during powerproduction and idling mode. The direction of rotationfor each of these situations shall be specified.4.3.3 Gear ratioThe overall gear ratio and its tolerance shall bespecified for the drive gears and any PTO gears.ANSI/AGMA/AWEA 6006-A03 AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD8 AGMA 2
28、003 - All rights reservedThe overall gear ratio of the gearbox is set by therequirements for rotor speed and generator speed.However, if there is more than one stage of gears,the gearbox manufacturer can select gear ratios foreach stage to maximize load capacity and minimizeweight (see AGMA 901-A92)
29、.4.4 Loading4.4.1 Description of loadsIt is the responsibility of the wind turbine manufactur-er to provide all loads applied to the gearbox to allowadequate evaluation of the design life requirementsfor all gears, bearings, shafts and the housing (seeannex B). The details of this load description a
30、represented in the following sections.The loads should be thoroughly detailed in a loaddescription document. This document shouldinclude:- torque-frequency histogram including alloperating loads;- transient loads described as annotated timeseries. Refer to section B.5.2.2 and figure B.2 fora sample
31、of an annotated brake event;- torque-speed relationships; and- other structural loads described in fatigue-based cycle counts at pertinent interfaces. Theseloads can be presented as a representative timeseries of the loads or the results of a RainflowCount 1 with mean value, amplitude (peak-to-peak)
32、, and frequency of occurrence.The purchaser shall indicate in the loads documentthe partial safety factors and load uncertainty factorsused in deriving the loads. Any additional multipliersto be applied to the loads shall be explicitly stated.The source and rationale for the use of the safetyfactors
33、 or multipliers or both shall be described orsufficiently referenced.4.4.2 Torque loads4.4.2.1 FatigueThe low speed shaft torque spectrum shall bespecified in bins with:- torque level;- cycles or revolutions per torque level;- nominal speed for design;- idling speed.It shall be clearly stated as to
34、which portion of theturbine lifetime the spectrum refers.For variable speed wind turbines, it may be neces-sary to separate each torque bin into several speedbins.Specified torque level of each bin shall represent thehighest level of torque represented in that bin. Toavoid excessive conservatism, su
35、fficient quantity ofbins (at least 40) shall be used. Bin width need not beuniform, and, in fact, finer resolution at the highesttorque bins is preferred. The load spectrum shallalso contain one bin that accounts for idling andstopped time. The load spectrum total time will thenmatch the design life
36、 of the turbine.The torque spectrum shall include all fatigue loads,including all external transient loads such as brakeloads, if applicable. If more than a single driven load,such as multiple generators, pump drives, or otherPTOs exist, the torque spectrum for each drivenload shall be defined.4.4.2
37、.2 Extreme torque loadsExtreme torque shall be specified by the wind turbinemanufacturer:- torque level;- number of occurrences;- source, such as rotor, generator or brake.Extreme loads shall not be included in the loadspectrum.4.4.3 Structural loads4.4.3.1 Non-torque load sourcesIn the case that th
38、e wind turbine rotor operationimparts non-torque loads to the gearbox low speedshaft, these loads shall be sufficiently described inthe specification. Such loads may occur in anyoperating mode of the wind turbine including idlingmode or when the turbine is parked. In modulararrangements the shafts a
39、re subjected to loads thatneed to be tolerated and transferred to the basemount (see A.5). Also, the generator, brake andother interfaced components can affect reactionloads on the gearbox and shafts. Such loads mayoccur in any operating mode of the wind turbineincluding idling mode or when the turb
40、ine is parked.These loads shall be sufficiently described in thespecification. Stiffness in all loading directions ofcompliant supports, such as elastomeric bushings,shall be specified by the purchaser.ANSI/AGMA/AWEA 6006-A03AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD9 AGMA 2003 - All rights reserved4.4.3.2 Structur
41、al fatigue loadsFor each type of external load applied to thegearbox, fatigue loads shall be defined at theinterface in a prescribed coordinate system asmoments and forces in three directions.Loads for each axis shall be defined in a spectrum,specified by bins, with:- moment level;- force level;- cy
42、cles per revolution per moment/force level.Multi-axis loads shall be provided in such a way thatthe phase relationship is preserved. The interpreta-tion and use of data shall be a joint effort between thewind turbine manufacturer and the gearboxmanufacturer.4.4.3.3 Structural extreme loadsFor each t
43、ype of external loading to the gearbox,extreme loads shall be defined at the interface, in aprescribed coordinate system, with moments andforces in three directions.4.4.4 Idling, parking and transient operationFeatures such as duration and frequency of speedsand loads, method of lubrication, and tem
44、peratureranges during idling, parking and transient operationshall be specified.4.4.4.1 IdlingRotors should be allowed to idle whenever possibleto avoid false brinelling, fretting corrosion, andcorrosion on gear teeth, splines, bearing rollers andbearing raceways.4.4.4.2 ParkingParking should be min
45、imized to avoid false brinel-ling, fretting corrosion, and corrosion on gear teeth,splines, bearing rollers, and bearing raceways.Dynamic loads on a parked wind turbine shall bespecified in detail, for example, by an annotated timeseries.4.4.4.3 Transient operationsTransient load events such as brak
46、ing, cut-in,cut-out, generator shift, and blade pitch operations,shall be specified in detail, for example, by anannotated time series.4.4.5 Dynamic loadingThe loads specified by the purchaser shall includeeffects from the systems dynamics. Depending onthe layout of the drive train and nacelle, thep
47、urchaser should quantify static and dynamic rela-tive displacements of the different subsystems. Thepurchaser should also specify absolute movementsand accelerations of the gearbox. Implementation ofthis dynamic analysis is a joint effort betweenpurchaser and gearbox manufacturer. To enable thepurch
48、aser to perform the dynamic analysis duringthe development process, the gearbox manufactur-er should supply general gearbox data, such ascenter of gravity, stiffness, inertia, damping, andclearances.4.5 CertificationWind turbines are usually certified to facilitate duediligence efforts and insurance
49、 requirements. Allrequirements for certification shall be described inthe specification, including: name of classification society; standard or certification document name,number, and revision level; applicable section or paragraphs; any exceptions to the above documents.Safety factors in excess of certification standardrequirements shall be specified. It is the responsibil-ity of the purchaser that the purchase specification isconsistent with the relevant certification standards.4.6 Operating environmentThe
