1、ANSI/AGMA 6015-A13 ANSI/AGMA 6015-A13 American National Standard Power Rating of Single and Double Helical Gearing for Rolling Mill Service AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ANSI/AGMA 6015-A13 AGMA 2013 All rights reserved ii Power Rating of Single and Double Helical Gearing for Rolling Mill Service ANSI/A
2、GMA 6015-A13 Approval of an American National Standard requires verification by ANSI that the requirements for due process, consensus and other criteria for approval have been met by the standards developer. Consensus is established when, in the judgment of the ANSI Board of Standards Review, substa
3、ntial agreement has been reached by directly and materially affected interests. Substantial agreement means much more than a simple majority, but not necessarily unanimity. Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered, and that a concerted effort be made toward their resolution. Th
4、e use of American National Standards is completely voluntary; their existence does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether he has approved the standards or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing or using products, processes or procedures not conforming to the standards. The American Nati
5、onal Standards Institute does not develop standards and will in no circumstances give an interpretation of any American National Standard. Moreover, no person shall have the right or authority to issue an interpretation of an American National Standard in the name of the American National Standards
6、Institute. Requests for interpretation of this standard should be addressed to the American Gear Manufacturers Association. CAUTION NOTICE: AGMA technical publications are subject to constant improvement, revision or withdrawal as dictated by experience. Any person who refers to any AGMA Technical P
7、ublication should be sure that the publication is the latest available from the Association on the subject matter. Tables or other self-supporting sections may be referenced. Citations should read: See ANSI/AGMA 6015-A13, Power Rating of Single and Double Helical Gearing for Rolling Mill Service, pu
8、blished by the American Gear Manufacturers Association, 1001 N. Fairfax Street, Suite 500, Alexandria, Virginia 22314, http:/www.agma.org. Approved September 23, 2013 ABSTRACT This standard specifies a method for rating the pitting resistance and bending strength of herringbone, double helical, and
9、helical involute gear pairs as applied to metal rolling mills. Published by American Gear Manufacturers Association 1001 N. Fairfax Street, Suite 500, Alexandria, Virginia 22314 Copyright 2013 by American Gear Manufacturers Association All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduc
10、ed in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without prior written permission of the publisher. Printed in the United States of America ISBN: 978-1-61481-056-8 American National Standard AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ANSI/AGMA 6015-A13 AGMA 2013 All rights reserved iii Contents Forew
11、ord . v 1 Scope . 1 1.1 Applicability . 1 1.2 Rating formulae . 1 1.3 Limitations . 2 2 Normative references . 2 3 Definitions and symbols . 4 3.1 Definitions 4 3.2 Symbols . 4 4 Design considerations 5 4.1 Momentary overloads 6 4.2 Loading 6 4.3 Pinion stands . 6 4.4 Relative hardness of gearing 7
12、5 Rating criteria . 7 5.1 Pitting resistance power rating 7 5.2 Pitting resistance of helical gears, PacuR7 5.3 Bending strength power rating 7 5.4 Bending strength of helical gears, PatuR. 8 5.5 Service factor 8 6 Dynamic factor, Kv. 8 7 Load distribution factor, KmR8 7.1 Values for load distributi
13、on factor, KmR9 7.2 Face load distribution factor, CmfR. 9 7.2.1 Lead correction factor, CmcR10 7.2.2 Pinion proportion factor, CpfR. 10 7.2.3 Pinion proportion modifier, CpmR11 7.2.4 Mesh alignment factor, CmaR. 11 7.2.5 Mesh alignment correction factor, CeR12 8 Allowable stress numbers, sacand sat
14、. 12 8.1 Guide for case depth of surface hardened teeth . 22 8.1.1 Carburized and hardened teeth 23 8.1.2 Induction hardened teeth 23 8.1.3 Additional considerations 24 9 Stress cycle factors, ZNRand YNR. 24 9.1 Load cycles . 25 9.2 Stress cycle factors for pitting resistance, ZNR25 9.3 Stress cycle
15、 factor for bending strength, YNR26 10 Hardness ratio factor, CH. 26 10.1 Through hardened pinions mating with through hardened gears . 27 10.2 Surface hardened pinions and through hardened gears 28 10.3 Surface hardened pinions and surface hardened gears . 28 11 Momentary overloads 28 11.1 Infreque
16、nt momentary overloads 28 11.2 Cyclical overloads . 29 12 Rim thickness factor, KB. 29 13 Surface condition factor, pitting resistance, CfR. 30 14 Surface condition factor, tooth root bending, KTRF. 31 Annexes Annex A Typical rolling mill loading 32 Annex B Pinion and gear blank considerations 34 AM
17、ERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ANSI/AGMA 6015-A13 AGMA 2013 All rights reserved iv Annex C Service factors 38 Annex D Initial shaft sizing 40 Annex E Housing bore alignment considerations . 42 Annex F Sample problems 43 Annex G Lead modification design and contact pattern verification . 46 Annex H Typical
18、 rolling mill drive arrangements . 50 Annex I Bearings . 54 Annex J Lubrication . 56 Annex K Condition monitoring and preventive maintenance 59 Annex L Bibliography 61 Tables Table 1 - Symbols . 4 Table 2 - Empirical coefficients A, B, and C 11 Table 3 - Allowable contact stress number, sac, for ste
19、el gears 13 Table 4 - Allowable bending stress number, sat, for steel gears . 13 Table 5 - Metallurgical characteristics affecting the allowable contact stress number, sac, and allowable bending stress number, satfor through hardened steel gears 14 Table 6 - Metallurgical characteristics affecting t
20、he allowable contact stress number, sac, and allowable bending stress number, sat, for carburized and hardened steel gears 17 Table 7 - Metallurgical characteristics affecting the allowable contact stress number, sac, and allowable bending stress number, sat, for induction hardened steel gears . 20
21、Table 8 - Surface condition factor, pitting resistance, CfR. 31 Table 9 - Surface condition factor, tooth root bending, KTRF. 31 Figures Figure 1 - Pinion proportion factor, CpfR10 Figure 2 - Evaluation of S and S1. 11 Figure 3 - Mesh alignment factor, CmaR. 12 Figure 4 - Required hardening pattern
22、for induction hardened teeth 14 Figure 5 - Minimum effective case depth, carburized and hardened teeth . 23 Figure 6 - Minimum effective case depth, induction hardened teeth 24 Figure 7 - Stress cycle factor, pitting resistance, ZNR25 Figure 8 - Stress cycle factor, bending strength, YNR26 Figure 9
23、- Hardness ratio factor, CH27 Figure 10 - Rim thickness factor, KB. 30 AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ANSI/AGMA 6015-A13 AGMA 2013 All rights reserved v Foreword The foreword, footnotes and annexes, if any, in this document are provided for informational purposes only and are not to be construed as a pa
24、rt of ANSI/AGMA Standard 6015-A13, Power Rating of Single and Double Helical Gearing for Rolling Mill Service. The first AGMA standard for rolling mill gearing was AGMA 323.01, October 1969, Helical and Herringbone Gearing for Rolling Mill Service. The first draft of this standard was prepared in De
25、cember 1967. It was approved by the AGMA membership and became an official AGMA Standard in August 1969. In February 1979, the Mill Gearing Committee was reorganized to review the Standard and revise it in accordance with a proposed new standard for Rating the Pitting Resistance and Bending Strength
26、 of Spur and Helical Involute Gear Teeth. This new standard became AGMA 218.01 in December 1982. With AGMA 218.01 as a guide, the committee submitted the first draft of ANSI/AGMA 6005-B89 in 1984. It was approved by the AGMA membership in February 1989 and supersedes AGMA 323.01, Helical and Herring
27、bone Gearing for Rolling Mill Service. In 2002, AGMA 6005 was withdrawn to facilitate the creation of an update based on the then current standard Rating the Pitting Resistance and Bending Strength of Spur and Helical Involute Gear Teeth, ANSI/AGMA 2001-C95. The purpose of ANSI/AGMA 6015-A13 is to p
28、rovide a method for determining the power rating of gear sets used in main mill drives, pinion stands, and combination units for metal rolling mills. This standard was written to address the fundamental differences between typical enclosed drive applications and rolling mill applications. In June 20
29、05 the Mill Gearing Committee began work on ANSI/AGMA 6015-A13 derived from ANSI/AGMA 2001-D04 and ANSI/AGMA 6005-B89. Changes to the standard include a method by which different gear tooth designs can be rated and compared at the extended life cycles typical for these applications. Face widths in e
30、xcess of the 40 inches limitation contained within previous standards are also accommodated, as is a calculation method for load distribution factor, Km, at these extended face widths. The standard addresses the range of load spectra experienced by these drives and defines load sharing for two and t
31、hree high mill pinion stands. The stress cycle factor for pitting resistance, ZNR, consists of a single curve above 107cycles, and its value has been modified based on current practice. The stress cycle factor for bending strength YNR, consists of two curves above 107cycles, one for gears with shot
32、peened roots, and the other for gears with untreated roots. Below 107cycles, both ZNRand YNRare assigned value of unity. In addition, the surface condition factor for pitting resistance, CfR, is assigned values other than 1.00 depending on the composite surface finish of the tooth flanks of both mat
33、ing elements, and a new surface condition factor for tooth root bending, KTRF, has been created and is assigned values depending on the surface finish for the tooth root fillets of the gear in question. Annexes are included in this standard to give guidance on service factors, shaft design, blank co
34、nfiguration and others. This AGMA Standard and related publications are based on typical or average data, conditions, or applications. The Association intends to continue working to update this Standard and to incorporate in future revisions the latest acceptable technology from domestic and interna
35、tional sources. The first draft of ANSI/AGMA 6015-A13 was made in January 2009. It was approved by the AGMA membership in August, 2013. It was approved as an American National Standard on September 23, 2013. Suggestions for improvement of this standard will be welcome. They may be submitted to techa
36、gma.org. AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ANSI/AGMA 6015-A13 AGMA 2013 All rights reserved vi PERSONNEL of the AGMA Mill Gearing Committee Chairman: Gary Bish . The Horsburgh and Scott Company Vice Chairman: Chris Dale Atlanta Gear Works ACTIVE MEMBERS B. Arno . Xtek, Inc. R.A. Calvert Chalmers Teeth have
37、 been surface hardened by nitriding or flame hardening; Transverse contact ratio, mp, is greater than 2.0; Diametral pitch is finer than 5.0; Teeth are damaged, e.g., cracked, worn, pitted, scuffed or plastically deformed; Interference exists between tooth tips and root fillets; Teeth are pointed. F
38、or most designs covered by this standard, pointed teeth are defined as those with normal chordal top land thickness, to, less than 0.25/Pnd. Smaller top lands require additional review; Operating backlash is insufficient; Normal gear mesh temperature is less than 32F or greater than 250F. Undercut e
39、xists in an area above the theoretical start of active profile. The root profiles are stepped or irregular. The J factor calculation uses the stress correction factors developed by Dolan and Broghamer 1. These factors may not be valid for root forms which are not smooth curves. For root profiles whi
40、ch are stepped or irregular, other stress correction factors may be more appropriate. Scuffing criteria are not included in this standard. A method to evaluate scuffing risk can be found in AGMA 925-A03. Design considerations to prevent fractures emanating from stress risers on the tooth profile, ti
41、p chipping, and failures of the gear blank through the web or hub should be analyzed by general machine design methods. 2 Normative references The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this American National Standard. At the time of pu
42、blication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this American National Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the standards indicated below. AGMA 908-B89, Information Sheet
43、 - Geometry Factors for Determining the Pitting Resistance and Bending Strength of Spur, Helical and Herringbone Gear Teeth AGMA 923-B05, Metallurgical Specifications of Steel Gearing AGMA 925-A03 Effect of Lubrication on Gear Surface Distress AGMA 927-A01, Load Distribution Factors - Analytical Met
44、hods for Cylindrical Gears AGMA 938-A05, Shot Peening of Gears AGMA 2000-A88 (withdrawn), Gear Classification and Inspection Handbook Tolerances and Measuring Methods for Unassembled Spur and Helical Gears ANSI/AGMA 1010-E95, Appearance of Gear Teeth - Terminology of Wear and Failure ANSI/AGMA 1012-
45、G05, Gear Nomenclature, Definitions of Terms with Symbols ANSI/AGMA 2001-D04, Fundamental Rating Factors and Calculation Methods for Involute Spur and Helical Gear Teeth AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ANSI/AGMA 6015-A13 AGMA 2013 All rights reserved 3 ANSI/AGMA 2007-C00, Surface Temper Etch Inspection A
46、fter Grinding ANSI/AGMA 2015-1-A01, Accuracy Classification System - Tangential Measurements for Cylindrical Gears ANSI/AGMA 6000-B96, Specification for Measurement of Linear Vibration on Gear Units ANSI/AGMA 6001-E08, Design and Selection of Components for Enclosed Gear Drives ANSI/AGMA 6013-A06, S
47、tandard for Industrial Enclosed Gear Drives ASTM A29/A29M-12, Standard Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon and Alloy, Hot-Wrought, General Requirements for ASTM A148/A148M-08, Standard Specification for Steel Castings, High Strength, for Structural Purposes ASTM A255-10, Standard Test Methods for D
48、etermining Hardenability of Steel ASTM A290/A290M-05(2010), Standard Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Forgings for Rings for Reduction Gears ASTM A291/A291M-05(2010), Standard Specification for Steel Forgings, Carbon and Alloy, for Pinions, Gears and Shafts for Reduction Gears ASTM A304-11,
49、Standard Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Bars Subject to End-Quench Hardenability Requirements ASTM A370-12a, Standard Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products ASTM A388/A388M-11, Standard Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of Steel Forgings ASTM A534-09 Standard Specification for Carburizing Steels for Anti-Friction Bearings ASTM A609/A609M-12, Standard Practice for Castings, Carbon, Low-Alloy, and Martensitic Stainless Steel, Ultrasonic Examination Thereof ASTM A751-11, Standard Test Methods, Practi
