1、AGMA910-D12AGMA 910-D12 Revision of AGMA 910-C90 AGMA Information Sheet Formats for Fine-Pitch Gear Specification Data AMERICAN GEAR MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION AGMA 910-D12 AGMA 2012 All rights reserved ii Formats for Fine-Pitch Gear Specification Data AGMA 910-D12 Revision of AGMA 910-C90 CAUTION NO
2、TICE: AGMA technical publications are subject to constant improvement, revision or withdrawal as dictated by experience. Any person who refers to any AGMA Technical Publication should be sure that the publication is the latest available from the Association on the subject matter. Tables or other sel
3、f-supporting sections may be referenced. Citations should read: See AGMA 910-D12, Formats for Fine-Pitch Gear Specification Data, published by the American Gear Manufacturers Association, 1001 N. Fairfax Street, Suite 500, Alexandria, Virginia 22314, http:/www.agma.org. Approved March 15, 2012 ABSTR
4、ACT This information sheet consists of a series of printed forms for gear drawings that contain the appropriate data to be tabulated by the gear designer for the gear manufacturer. Also included are a series of definitions of the various tabulated items. Published by American Gear Manufacturers Asso
5、ciation 1001 N. Fairfax Street, Suite 500, Alexandria, Virginia 22314 Copyright 2012 by American Gear Manufacturers Association All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without prior written permission of the publ
6、isher. Printed in the United States of America ISBN: 978-1-55589-999-8 American Gear Manufacturers Association AMERICAN GEAR MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION AGMA 910-D12 AGMA 2012 All rights reserved iii Contents Foreword vi 1 Scope . 1 2 References . 1 3 Terms and definition 1 3.1 Definitions of terms .
7、2 3.1.1 addendum . 2 3.1.2 circular space width . 2 3.1.3 circular space width, normal 2 3.1.4 circular tooth thickness 2 3.1.5 circular tooth thickness, normal . 3 3.1.6 diametral pitch . 3 3.1.7 diametral pitch, normal 3 3.1.8 diametral pitch, transverse 3 3.1.9 face (tip) angle. 4 3.1.10 hand of
8、helix 4 3.1.11 hand of spiral . 4 3.1.12 helix angle . 4 3.1.13 hypoid offset 5 3.1.14 inside diameter 6 3.1.15 lead 6 3.1.16 lead angle 6 3.1.17 major diameter 6 3.1.18 master gear specification 6 3.1.19 measurement diameter (or tolerance diameter) 7 3.1.20 measurement over pins or balls 7 3.1.21 m
9、inor diameter 7 3.1.22 module . 7 3.1.23 module, normal 7 3.1.24 module, transverse 7 3.1.25 mounting distance . 7 3.1.26 number of teeth or threads 8 3.1.27 outside diameter 8 3.1.28 pitch . 9 3.1.29 pitch, axial . 9 3.1.30 pitch, transverse 10 3.1.31 pitch angle . 10 3.1.32 pitch line to mounting
10、surface . 10 3.1.33 pressure angle . 10 3.1.34 pressure angle, normal . 11 3.1.35 profile angle . 12 3.1.36 profile angle, normal 12 3.1.37 profile control diameter 12 3.1.38 root angle 12 3.1.39 root diameter . 12 3.1.40 shaft angle . 13 3.1.41 spiral angle 13 3.1.42 standard pitch line for a rack
11、. 13 3.1.43 standard pitch diameter . 13 3.1.44 start of tip break . 13 3.1.45 test load . 13 3.1.46 test radius of a test gear 13 3.1.47 throat diameter 13 3.1.48 tight mesh center distance 13 3.1.49 tight mesh distance . 13 3.1.50 tooth form 14 3.1.51 tooth tip chamfer 14 AMERICAN GEAR MANUFACTURE
12、RS ASSOCIATION AGMA 910-D12 AGMA 2012 All rights reserved iv 3.1.52 tooth tip radius . 14 3.1.53 tooth-to-tooth radial composite tolerance 14 3.1.54 total radial composite tolerance 14 3.1.55 whole depth . 14 3.1.56 whole depth, outer . 15 4 Gear data tables 15 4.1 Tooth geometry data . 15 4.2 Tooth
13、 tip configuration . 15 4.3 Data based on pin or ball inspection methods 15 4.4 Data based on span inspection methods 16 4.5 Data based on radial double flank composite inspection methods . 16 4.6 Data based on elemental (or analytical) inspection methods . 16 4.7 Data based on contact pattern inspe
14、ction . 16 4.8 Data based on cutting tool definition . 17 4.9 Sample drawing. 17 5 Related drawing features . 30 5.1 Datum specifications . 30 5.2 Face width . 30 5.3 Fillets and corner radii . 30 5.4 Surface finish . 30 6 Material specifications 30 7 Process specifications . 30 8 Handling and stora
15、ge . 30 9 Additional considerations . 31 Annexes Annex A Bibliography 32 Figures Figure 1 - Principal dimensions . 2 Figure 2 - Circular space width . 2 Figure 3 - Circular tooth thickness 3 Figure 4 - Helical gear with tooth section at standard pitch cylinder 3 Figure 5 - Angle relationships . 4 Fi
16、gure 6 - Spiral bevel hand 4 Figure 7 - Helix angle, lead angle and lead 5 Figure 8 - Hypoid direction of offset 5 Figure 9 - Diameters, internal gear . 6 Figure 10 - Face gear diameters . 6 Figure 11 - Tooth thickness measurement over pins 7 Figure 12 - Face gear measurement over pins to mounting s
17、urface 8 Figure 13 - External gear diameters . 8 Figure 14 - Bevel gear features 9 Figure 15 - Wormgear diameters 9 Figure 16 - Pitch on a spur rack 10 Figure 17 - Axial pitch . 10 Figure 18 - Transverse pitch on a helical rack 11 Figure 19 - Standard pitch line and mounting surface in racks . 11 Fi
18、gure 20 - Pressure and normal profile angles 11 Figure 21 - Functional profile 12 Figure 22 - Shaft angle 13 Figure 23 - Typical diagram of a double flank test 14 Figure 24 - Example of fine pitch gear specification data . 17 AMERICAN GEAR MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION AGMA 910-D12 AGMA 2012 All rights
19、reserved v Tables Table 1 - External spur gear data . 18 Table 2 - Internal spur gear data . 19 Table 3 - External helical gear data 20 Table 4 - Internal helical gear data . 21 Table 5 - Straight bevel gear data . 22 Table 6 - Spiral bevel gear data 23 Table 7 - Hypoid gear data 24 Table 8 - Wormge
20、ar data 25 Table 9 - Cylindrical worm data 26 Table 10 - On-center spur face gear data . 27 Table 11 - Spur rack data 28 Table 12 - Helical rack data . 29 AMERICAN GEAR MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION AGMA 910-D12 AGMA 2012 All rights reserved vi Foreword The foreword, footnotes and annexes, if any, in th
21、is document are provided for informational purposes only and are not to be construed as a part of AGMA 910-D12, Formats for Fine-Pitch Gear Specification Data. Gathering of data for this Information Sheet, including questionnaires and surveys, was begun in the spring of 1953. The committee recognize
22、d at that time the need for standardized fine-pitch gear drawing format data. Individual sections on spur, helical, straight bevel, spiral and Zerol bevel gears; worm and wormgears; face gears and pinions; and spur and helical racks were first prepared by the Task Committee on Drawing Formats. Each
23、section was carefully reviewed by the Fine-Pitch Gearing Committee. Certain sections were reworked to bring them in line with the work being done by the Aerospace Gearing Committee in the field of angular accuracy specification, The formats for spur and helical gears were published as Appendix C of
24、AGMA Standard 207.04 in June, 1956. The formats for worm and wormgears were published as Appendix B of AGMA Standard 374.03 in July, 1956. The early development work, continued review and revision, and field testing has resulted in this Information Sheet which the committee feels is based on sound g
25、ear engineering and one which can be easily understood by both the shopman and inspector. The first draft of AGMA 114.01 was prepared in September, 1957. It was approved by the AGMA membership in February, 1961. Printing of the Information Sheet was held up in order to make it conform to AGMA 390.03
26、, AGMA Gear Handbook, Volume 1, Gear Classification, Materials and Measuring Methods for Unassembled Gears. AGMA 114.02 was a revision of 114.01 which was approved by the AGMA membership in July, 1972. AGMA 910-C90 was a revision of AGMA 114.02 which updates the style and formats for spur gears, hel
27、ical gears, bevel gears, wormgearing, face gears and racks. It was approved by the members of the Fine-Pitch Gearing Committee on February 27, 1990. It was recommended by the Technical Division Executive Committee for publication and approved by the members on June 10, 1990. The purpose of AGMA 910-
28、D12 is to update the information relative to the ANSI Y14.5 definitions for toleranced, basic and reference dimensions and to clarify previously ambiguous terminology. This information sheet is dedicated to Irving Laskin. His inspiration and dedication to the Fine-Pitch Committees work over many yea
29、rs helped lead to the development of this information sheet. His thoroughness, enthusiasm and contributions to the Fine-Pitch Committee helped develop this and many other AGMA documents. The first draft of AGMA 910-D12 was made in June, 2009. It was approved by the AGMA Technical Division Executive
30、Committee in March, 2012. Suggestions for improvement of this standard will be welcome. They may be submitted to techagma.org. AMERICAN GEAR MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION AGMA 910-D12 AGMA 2012 All rights reserved vii PERSONNEL of the AGMA Fine Pitch Gearing Committee Chairman: Daniel J. Seger Perry Tec
31、hnology Corporation Vice Chairman: M. Khawar Anwar All American Mechanical Components also the radial distance between the pitch circle and the addendum circle, see Figure 1. In a bevel gear, addendum is the height by which a tooth projects beyond the pitch cone and is typically measured at the oute
32、r end of the teeth. In the case of throated wormgears the addendum is the radial distance from the pitch cylinder to the deepest portion of the throat. NOTE: Addendum is a basic dimension that may be shown on drawings as an engineering convenience. 3.1.2 circular space width The length of arc betwee
33、n the two sides of a space formed by adjacent gear teeth on an internal spur gear at the standard pitch diameter, see Figure 2. 3.1.3 circular space width, normal The width of the space between adjacent teeth along a circular arc length from a point on one tooth flank at the standard pitch cylinder
34、to a point on the flank at the adjacent standard pitch cylinder in a direction normal to the helix. 3.1.4 circular tooth thickness In spur gears, the length of arc between the two sides of a gear tooth, on the standard pitch diameter, see Figure 3. Figure 1 - Principal dimensions Figure 2 - Circular
35、 space width AMERICAN GEAR MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION AGMA 910-D12 AGMA 2012 All rights reserved 3 Figure 3 - Circular tooth thickness 3.1.5 circular tooth thickness, normal The width of the tooth along a circular arc length from a point on one tooth flank at the standard pitch cylinder to a point on
36、 the opposite flank at the standard pitch cylinder in a direction normal to the helix. See Figure 4. 3.1.6 diametral pitch Measure of relative tooth size expressed in units of in-1. Larger values of diametral pitch result in a finer tooth size. It is one of the most fundamental specifications used t
37、o define a gear. 3.1.7 diametral pitch, normal Measure of relative tooth size in the normal plane expressed in units of in-1. 3.1.8 diametral pitch, transverse Measure of relative tooth size in the transverse plane expressed in units of in-1. Figure 4 - Helical gear with tooth section at standard pi
38、tch cylinder AMERICAN GEAR MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION AGMA 910-D12 AGMA 2012 All rights reserved 4 3.1.9 face (tip) angle In a bevel or hypoid gear, the angle between the face cone and its axis, see Figure 5. 3.1.10 hand of helix The direction in which the teeth rotate as they recede from an observer
39、 looking along the axis. A right hand helix rotates clockwise and a left hand helix rotates counterclockwise. The external gear shown in Figure 4 is a right hand helix. 3.1.11 hand of spiral The direction in which the teeth rotate as they recede from an observer looking along the axis toward the fac
40、e of the bevel gear. A right hand spiral rotates clockwise and a left hand spiral rotates counterclockwise, see Figure 6. 3.1.12 helix angle The angle between any helix and an axial line on its cylinder. In helical gears and worms, it is at the standard pitch circle unless otherwise specified, see F
41、igure 7. Figure 5 - Angle relationships Figure 6 - Spiral bevel hand AMERICAN GEAR MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION AGMA 910-D12 AGMA 2012 All rights reserved 5 Figure 7 - Helix angle, lead angle and lead 3.1.13 hypoid offset The perpendicular distance between the axes of hypoid gears. The pinion offset is
42、 designated as being above or below the center line of the gear. The direction of offset is determined by looking at the gear set with the pinion to the right, see Figure 8b and Figure 8d. Figure 8a and Figure 8b are the same offset, however, the gear has been rotated 180. Figure 8c and Figure 8d ar
43、e the same offset, however, the gear has been rotated 180. For below center offset in Figure 8, the pinion has a left hand spiral, and for above center offset, the pinion has a right hand spiral. Figure 8 - Hypoid direction of offset AMERICAN GEAR MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION AGMA 910-D12 AGMA 2012 All
44、 rights reserved 6 3.1.14 inside diameter The diameter of the addendum circle of an internal gear (see Figure 9) or the diameter of the cylinder bounding the inner ends of the face gear teeth, see Figure 10. 3.1.15 lead The axial advance of a helix for one complete revolution of the gear or worm. Se
45、e Figure 7. 3.1.16 lead angle The angle between any helix and a plane of rotation. It is the complement of the helix angle, and is used for convenience in worms. It is understood to be at the standard pitch diameter unless otherwise specified, see Figure 7. 3.1.17 major diameter Sometimes referred t
46、o as root diameter when referring to internal gears. See Figure 9. 3.1.18 master gear specification A gear of known quality and geometry used to perform a composite action test. It may be referenced in one of the following manners: number of teeth and basic tooth thickness, or master gear identifica
47、tion number. Figure 9 - Diameters, internal gear Figure 10 - Face gear diameters AMERICAN GEAR MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION AGMA 910-D12 AGMA 2012 All rights reserved 7 3.1.19 measurement diameter (or tolerance diameter) The diameter of the circle concentric with the gear datum axis where the probe is
48、in contact with active tooth flanks during measurement of helix, pitch, or tooth thickness deviations, see ANSI/AGMA 2015-1-A02 for cylindrical gears or ANSI/AGMA ISO 17485-A08 for bevel gears. 3.1.20 measurement over pins or balls The distance over a pin or ball positioned in a tooth space and a re
49、ference surface. The reference surface may be the reference axis of the gear, a datum surface or either one or two pins or balls positioned in a tooth space or spaces opposite the first, see Figure 11. For odd number of teeth, the second pin or ball is positioned adjacent to the tooth opposite the first tooth space. This measurement is used to determine tooth thickness and is not applicable to bevel gears. Throated worm gears can only be checked with balls. Face gears can only be checked with three pins, see Figure 12. See ANSI/AGMA 2002-B88 for
