1、Micrographics Readers fortransparentmicroforms Performancecharacteristics1100 Wayne Avenue, Suite 1100Silver Spring, Maryland 20910 USATel: 301-587-8202www.aiim.orgA Publication ofANSI/AIIM/ISO 6198-1993ANSI/AIIM/ISO 6198-1993G115G116G97G110G100G97G114G100G115G116G97G110G100G97G114G100G65G112G112G11
2、4G111G118G101G100G32G97G115G68G101G99G101G109G98G101G114G32G49G52G44G32G49G57G57G57G65G109G101G114G105G99G97G110G32G32G78G97G116G105G111G110G97G108G83G116G97G110G100G97G114G100G115G32G73G110G115G116G105G116G117G116G101G32G40G65G78G83G73G41G83G116G97G110G100G97G114G100G115INTERNATIONAL STANDARD IS0 6
3、198 First edition 1993-l Z-01 Micrographics - Readers for transparent microforms - Performance characteristics Micrographic - Appareils de lecture de microformes - Caractbristiques Reference number IS0 6198 1993(E) Foreword IS0 (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide fede
4、ration of national standards bodies (IS0 member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through IS0 technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that commi
5、ttee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. IS0 collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. Draft International Standards adopted by the te
6、chnical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. International Standard IS0 6198 was prepared by Technical Committee lSO/TC 17 1, Micrographics and optical memories for
7、document and image recording, storage and use. Annex A of this International Standard is for information only. 0 IS0 1993 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, withou
8、t per- mission in writing from the publisher. International Organization for Standardization Case Postale 56 l CH-1211 Geneve 20 l Switzerland Printed in Switzerland ii INTERNATIONAL STANDARD IS0 6198:1993(E) Micrographics - Readers for transparent microforms - Performance characteristics 1 Scope Th
9、is international Standard specifies the essential performance characteristics of readers with magni- fication less than or equal to 5O:l designed for use with black-and-white roll microfilm and strips that have a maximum width of 35 mm. It also specifies the performance of readers for microfilm, mic
10、rofiche, jackets containing microforms, and image cards. It is not applicable to reader-printers or to devices such as pocket readers. 2 Normative references The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this International Standard. At the
11、 time of publi- cation, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most re- cent editions of the standards indicated below. Members of IEC and I
12、S0 maintain registers of cur- rently valid International Standards. IS0 446:1991, Micrographics - IS0 character and IS0 test chart No. 1 - Description and use. IS0 32723:1975, Microcopying of technical drawings and other drawing office documents - Part 3: Unitized 35 mm microfilm carriers. IS0 33341
13、1989, Micrographics - IS0 resolution test chart No. 2 - Description and use. IS0 6196-I : 1993, Micrographics - Vocabulary - Part 01: General terms. IS0 6196-211993, Micrographics - Vocabulary - Part 02: Image positions and methods of recording. IS0 6196-3: 1983, Micrographics Part 03: Film processi
14、ng. IS0 6196-4: 1987, Micrographics Part 04: Materials and packaging. IS0 6196-5:1987, Micrographics - Vocabulary - - Vocabulary - - Vocabulary - Part 05: Quality of images, legibility, inspection. IS0 6196-6: 1992, Micrographics - Vocabulary - Part 06: Equipment. IS0 6199:1991, Micrographics - Micr
15、ofilming of documents on 16 mm and 35 mm silver-gelatin type microfilm - Operating procedures. IS0 7565:1993, Micrographics - Readers for trans- parent microforms - Measurement of characteristics. IS0 7779:1988, Acoustics - Measurement of air- borne noise emitted by computer and business equipment.
16、IS0 9878: 1990, Micrographics - Graphical symbols for use in microfilming. IS0 9923:-l), Micrographics - Transparent A6 microfiche image arrangements. IEC 417:1987, Graphical symbols for use on equip- ment. Index, survey and compilation of the single sheets - Eighth supplement, IEC 950:1991, Safety
17、of information technology equipment, including electrical business equipment. 3 Definitions For the purposes of this International Standard, the definitions given in IS0 6196 apply. 1) To be published. 1 IS0 6198:1993(E) 4 Measurable characteristics To comply with this International Standard, a read
18、er shall conform to the following requirements. 4.1 Magnification Measure the magnification in accordance with IS0 7565. The actual magnification shall be within f 5 % of the manufacturers stated magnification. 4.2 Image quality 4.2.1 Resolution When the image of the microtest chart is positioned on
19、 the screen and with the reader at best focus*), the minimum sized characters or test patterns as shown in table 1 or 2 for the specified magnification shall be resolved at all points within the measurement area of the screen (see figure 1). The resolution test is made with either of the two microte
20、st charts (IS0 No. 1 or IS0 No. 2). The test image used shall be capable of resolving at least four patterns higher than specified in table 2 for the appropriate magnification. For readers having a magnification between the val- ues listed in table 1 or 2, the character or pattern to be resolved sha
21、ll be that of the closest to the listed nominal magnification. The methods of reading the character or pattern re- solved are described in IS0 446 and IS0 3334. 4.2.2 Geometric distortion When the image of a straight line is projected onto any part of the measurement area (see figure 1) of a flat re
22、ader screen, the projected image shall be com- pared to a straightedge held next to the projected line. When measured in accordance with IS0 7565, the pincushion or barrel distortion shall not exceed 0,5 % and the keystone or skew distortion shall not exceed 2 %. Less distortion may be required for
23、technical drawing applications, whereas more distortion may be allowable for some office applications. Under these circumstances, the allowable distortion shall be agreed between manufacturer and purchaser. Table 1 - Minimum sized IS0 microtest chart No. 1 characters to be resolved in the screen ima
24、ae (values based uoon oreoared microtest chart) Nominal magnification Character of IS0 No. 1 microtest chart to be read 1 O/l 15/l 20/l 25/l 30/l 35/l 40/l 45/l 50/l 125 112 100 90 80 71) 63) 56) 50) I) The difficulty in obtaining such fine characters on the microtest chart can make the measurements
25、 incor- rect. Table 2 - Minimum sized IS0 microtest chart No. 2 pattern to be resolved in the screen image (values based upon specifically made microtest charts which may require calculations to give true values) Nominal magnification IO/l 15/l 20/l 25/l 30/l 35/l 40/l 45/l 50/l Pattern of IS0 No. 2
26、 microtest chart to be read line pairs/mm 63 4,5 4,o 3,6 32 z3$, 2:51) 2,5) NOTE - Calculations involving the reduction used to make the microtest chart may be necessary to deter- mine the actual resolution specified in table2. I) The difficulty in obtaining such fine characters on the microtest cha
27、rt can make the measurements incor- rect. 2) The best focus is the setting of the focusing control which is judged to produce the best overall level of screen image re- solution within the measurement area. This setting is found experimentally and will usually be somewhere between the setting which
28、produces the highest resolution at the centre of the screen and the settings which produce the highest resolution at the corners. 2 IS0 6198:1993(E) NOTE - Measurement area of the screen is defined as the central area formed by connecting the points of the diagonals that are located from the corners
29、 at a distance of 10 % of the screen diagonal lengths. That is, the area within the dashed rectangle If the corners of the screen are rounded, the length of the diagonals and the points from which readings are taken shall be calculated from the extrapolated edges of the screen. Screens may be either
30、 square or a vertical or horizontal rectangle. Figure 1 - Measurement area of reader screen 4.3 Screen luminance and contrast 4.3.1 Screen luminance 4.3.1 .I Procedure Measure screen luminance in accordance with IS0 7565. The procedure outlined gives values of luminance that would be seen by a user
31、when in the normal viewing position (see IS0 7565, annex A). 4.3.1.2 Requirements At any point within the measurement area of the screen (see fpure I), the luminance shall not be less than 35 cd/m . The minimum luminance at the centre of the screen shall not be less than 140 cd/m*. 4.3.1.2.1 Rear pr
32、ojection readers The relationship in luminance between the maximum value and the minimum value shall not exceed a ratio of 10, except for those readers with very large screens, i.e. having a diagonal greater than 540 mm where the ratio shall not exceed 15. 4.3.1.2.2 Front projection readers The rela
33、tionship in luminance between the maximum value and the minimum value shall not exceed a ratio of 5. 4.3.2 Screen contrast 4.3.2.1 Procedure Measure screen contrast in accordance with IS0 7565. 4.3.2.2 Requirements The screen contrast expressed as a luminance ratio shall be a minimum of 10. In gener
34、al, a higher screen contrast is preferred. 4.4 Safety 4.4.1 Stability of reader Readers that are designed to stand on a flat and hori- zontal surface such as a desk, table or floor shall not 3 IS0 6198:1993(E) tip over when tested in accordance with the method described in IEC 950. - during microfor
35、m changing or transport such as rewinding roll film, changing cartridges or microfiche in the carrier. 4.4.2 Temperature 4.4.2.1 Film temperature in the film gate Film gate temperatures shall be measured in accord- ance with IS0 7565. The temperature of the film in the film gate shall not exceed 70
36、“C when measured after 60 min of continuous operation with the reader in focus and the lamp operating at the highest bright- ness setting permitted by the reader. The airborne noise shall be measured in accordance with IS0 7779. The A-weighted sound power level obtained by using the procedures speci
37、fied in IS0 7779 shall be used for comparison of the airborne noise emitted by different readers. Sound power level data may be sup- plemented by the A-weighted sound pressure level measured at the operators position(s) or bystanders position(s) as defined in IS0 7779. 4.4.2.2 Temperature of reader
38、Temperatures of the exposed surfaces of a reader shall be measured in accordance with IEC 950. The temperature of reader surfaces shall not exceed the values given after the reader has been operated in an area with an ambient temperature of 23 “C f 2 “C for 1 h. The voltage used shall be equal to I,
39、06 times the highest rated voltage (if it is known) or 1,06 times the average voltage of the stated voltage range. For each mode of operation, the appropriate state- ments of IS0 7779 shall be used to indicate the sound pressure level. For readers that are to be used in a quiet area such as a librar
40、y reading room, the A-weighted sound pressure level during normal viewing conditions shall not exceed 50 dB, and during any rapid motion shall not exceed 60 dB. Impulsive noise for the equipment should not exceed 75 dB. 4.4.3 Fire hazard Readers shall be constructed in accordance with the appropriat
41、e requirements of IEC 950. Resistance to spread of flames and nonemission of toxic fumes are particularly important. 5 Additional required characteristics When applicable, a reader shall comply with the fol- lowing requirements. 5.1 Image handling 4.5 Noise 5.1.1 Image orientation Airborne noise emi
42、tted by readers shall be measured while the reader is operated at its rated voltage under two operating modes: 5.1.1.1 Roll film readers - during normal viewing conditions; Roll film readers shall display on the screen, upright and right-reading, at least one of the image formats on reels as specifi
43、ed in IS0 6199. Table 3 - Temperature of different parts of the reader Part of reader Maximum temperature Handles or grips for moving (portable devices), all controls, areas in front of readers, surfaces near controls, film loading, handling or positioning areas, and any other areas 35 “C normally t
44、ouched during operation of the reader Areas on the bottom of the readers, and other exterior portions not included above 55C Internal areas that may be touched or handled in routine maintenance, lamp changing and cleaning, etc. (except lamps and lamp removal mechanisms), under the following con- dit
45、ions: - If labelled with warning i.e., “Use care - HOT” - Not labelled Lamps, lamp removal mechanism No limit specified 60 “C Warning label required (no tem- perature limit) 4 IS0 6198:1993(E) 5.1.1.2 Readers for microfiche and image card Microfiche readers shall display on the screen, upright and r
46、ight-reading at least one of the frame formats specified in IS0 9923. Image card readers shall dis- play the format specified in IS0 3272-3. 5.1.2 Loading of microforms Readers shall be designed to facilitate the loading of the microform. For roll microfilm readers, the correct method shall be indic
47、ated by a threading diagram. Microfiche or image card readers shall be provided with a means of locating a particular image and prop- erly displaying it with a tolerance of no more than one frame. The indexing device shall be clearly identified. 5.1.3 Changing components for different microform form
48、ats If a reader is designed to accept more than one type of microform, e.g. roll microfilm and microfiche, no tools shall be needed to change optical or mechanical components (carrier, lens, condenser). 5.1.4 Motor-driven roll film devices The speed of motor-driven roll film shall be control- lable
49、in both directions. 5.2 Optical characteristics 5.2.1 Focus A suitable and easily accessible means shall be pro- vided for adjusting the focus of the image for any of the microforms for which the reader is designed. Re- focusing of an image shall not be necessary after changing from one frame to another frame of the same microform. If the reader has provision for image scanning (movement from top to bottom), focus shall be maintained over the entire screen area without re- focusing while scanning an image frame. An exception to this requirement is the time during which roll film rea
