1、STD*AIIM MS43-ENGL 1778 1012348 0501b83 205 ASSOCIATION FOR INFORMATION ANO IMAGE MANAGEMENT INTERNATIONAL 11 O0 Wayne Avenue Suite 11 O0 Silver Spring, Morylond 20910 AllM 301-587-8202 STDmAIIM MS43-ENGL 1778 81 1012348 0501b84 141 888 ANSVAIIM MS43- 1998 O by the Association for Information and Im
2、age Management International 11 O0 Wayne Avenue, Suite 11 O0 Silver Spring, MD 20910-5603 Tel: 301/587-8202 e-mail : aiimo aiim.org Website: http:/www.aiim.org FU: 3011587-2711 ISBN 0-89258-348-7 Printed in the United States of America STD-AIIM MS93-ENGL 1778 I 1012398 0501b85 088 I ANSVAIIM MS43-19
3、98 Standard for Information and Image Management - Standard Recommended Practice - Operational Procedures - Inspection and Quality Control of Duplicate Microforms of Documents and From COM Association for Information and Image Management International i Abstract: This document provides guidelines fo
4、r the production of duplicate microforms. This practice does not apply to special technologies such as ultra-high reduction ratios and duplication of color microforms. STD-AIIM MS43-ENGL 1998 1OL2348 7501bdb TL4 m ANSUAIIM MC43-1998 . INSPECTION AND QUALITY CONTROL OF DUPLICATE MICROFORMS OF DOCUMEN
5、TS AND FROM COM Contents Foreword vi 1 Scope 1 2 References 1 2.1 Referenced American National Standards . 1 2.2 Other referenced standards -1 2.3 Related standards 1 2.4 Other related publications 2 4 Duplication system requirements . 3 4.1 Life expectancy of copy film 4 4.3 Protective coatings 5 4
6、.4.1 Quality index (QI levels) . 5 3 Definitions 3 4.2 Use and durability 4 4.4 Quality index (QI) 5 4.4.2 Quality index formula . 5 4.4.3 Procedure 7 4.4.4 Limitations 8 4.5 Film contrast 8 5 Intermediate and distribution copies . 10 5.1 Microfilm duplication 10 5.2 Microfilm duplication copies . 1
7、0 5.3 Duplicating films 10 5.3.2 Vesicular films . 10 5.3.3 Silver 13 6 Diazo duplication . 13 6.1 Diazo mechanism 13 6.1.1 Image formation 13 6.1.2 Diazo development . 13 6.1.2.1 Vapor process., . 14 6.1.2.2 Thermal development . 14 6.2 Diazo film structure 14 6.3 Sensitometric properties of diazo
8、film 14 6.3.1 Spectral sensitivity 14 6.3.2 Speed . 14 5.3.1 Diazofilms 10 6.3.3 Resolution . 15 6.3.4 Contrast 15 6.3.6 Reproduction characteristics . 15 6.3.5 Diazo image color . 15 6.4 Shelf life and storage of unexposed film 16 6.5 Working conditions 16 6.5.1 Lighting requirements for unexposed
9、diazo film . 16 6.6 Storage and stability of processed film 16 6.7 Choosing a diazo film 16 6.7.1 Contrast 16 6.7.2 Color . 17 6.7.3 Throughput speed . 17 7 Vesicular duplication 17 7.1.1 Image formation . 17 7.1.2 Thermal development . 17 7.1.3 Fixing the vesicular image 18 7.2 The vesicular image
10、18 7.3.1 Spectral sensitivity 18 7.3.2 Speed . 18 7.3.3 Resolution 18 7.3.4 Exposure latitude 18 7.3.5 Contrast 19 7.3.5.2 Pre-exposure and its effects . 19 7.3.6 Reproduction characteristics . 19 7.3.6.2 Contact printing 19 7.5 Working conditions 19 vesicular film . 19 processed film 19 7.6.1 Handl
11、ing . 19 7.6.2 Thermal stability . 19 7.6.3 Chemical stability . 20 7.1 Vesicular mechanism 17 7.3 Sensitometric properties of vesicular film 18 7.3.5.1 General 19 7.3.6.1 Projection printing to hard copy 19 7.4 Shelf life and storage of unexposed film 19 7.5.1 Lighting requirements for unexposed 7.
12、6 Storage, handling, and stability of ASSOCIATION FOR INFORMATION AND IMAGE MANAGEMENT INTERNATIONAL iii . . . STD-AIIM MS43-ENGL 1998 LIIL2348 0501b87 950 W ANSAIIM MS43-1998 . INSPECTION AND QUALITY CONTROL OF DUPLICATE MICROFORS OF OCUMENTS AND FROM COM 7.6.4 Effects of temperature . 20 7.6.5 Eff
13、ects of ultraviolet and infrared radiation . 20 10.2.2 Method B: Alternate method without densitometer for low volume 27 11 Density guidelines for duplicate microfilms 28 8 Silver duplication . 20 8.1 Silver mechanism 20 8.1.1 Image formation - Sign reversing 20 8.1.2 Image formation - Sign maintain
14、ing 20 8.1.3 Processing 21 8.1.3.1 Development 21 8.1.3.2 Fixing . 21 8.1.3.3 Washing . 21 8.1.3.4 Drying . 21 8.1.3.5 Process control -22 8.2 Sensitometric properties of silver film 22 8.2.1 Spectral sensitivity 22 8.2.2 Speed . 22 8.2.3 Resolution . 22 8.2.4 Contrast 22 8.3 Working conditions 22 8
15、.4 Shelf life and storage of unexposed film 22 8.5 Permanent and extended life storage and stability of processed silver duplicating films . 23 8.6 Silver recovery . -23 9 Microform duplicators . 24 9.1 General . 24 9.2 Stationary contact duplicators 24 9.2.1 Manual unitized-to-unitized duplicators
16、. 24 9.2.2 Unitized-to-unitized duplicators 24 9.2.3 Roll-to-unitized duplicators 24 9.2.4 Unitized-to-roll duplicators . 24 9.3 Roll-to-roll microfilm duplicators 24 9.4 Projection duplication 25 9.5 Duplication control . 25 1 O Diazo control 25 1 O . 1 Diazo exposure control 25 10.2 Diazo developm
17、ent control 27 10.2.1 Method A: Preferred method for production use . 27 11.1 Density guidelines for duplicates from document microfilms . 28 11.2 Density of distribution copies from COM microfilm . 30 11 -2.1 Negative-appearing (2N) vesicular film 30 11 -2.2 Negative-appearing (ZN, 3N. 4N. etc.) di
18、azo film . 30 11.2.3 Positive-appearing (2P. 3P. etc.) film30 11.3 Reproducibility and printability . 30 11.3.1 Reproducibility 30 11.3.2 Printability . 30 11 . 3.3 Troubleshooting 30 12 Inspection 30 12.1 Inspection equipment and supplies 30 12.1.1 Inspection report forms . 30 12.1.3 Light box . 30
19、 12.1.4 Rewinds 30 12.1.5 Ruler . 31 12.1.6 Optical measuring loupe . 31 12.1.7 Black velvet 31 12.1.8 Microform reader or reader-printer 31 12.1.9 Densitometer 31 12.1.1 O Microscope . 31 12.1.2 Inspection gloves 30 12.1.1 1 Step tablet 33 12.1.12 Residual thiosulfate test materials . 33 12.1.13 De
20、fect samples . 33 12.1.14 Indelible pen . 45 12.1.1 5 Collimated light source 45 12.2 Inspection procedure . 45 12.2.1 Inspection report . 45 12.2.2 Procedures . 45 12.2.2.1 Major defect . 47 12.2.2.2 Minor defect . 47 12.2.2.3 Cosmetic defects 48 iv ASSOCIATION FOR INFORMATION AND IMAGE MANAGEMENT
21、INTERNATIONAL STD-AIIM MSq3-ENGL 1778 10123YB O5OlbAA 877 I ANSVAIIM MS43-1998 . INSPECTION AND QUALITY CONTROL OF DUPLICATE MICROFORMS OF DOCUMENTS AND FROM COM 12.3 Description of defects 48 12.3.1 Blank film 48 12.3.1.1 Blank silver film 48 12.3.1.2 Blank diazo film 48 12.3.1.3 Blank vesicular fi
22、lm . 48 12.3.2 Blurred, ghosted, or compressed 12.3.3 Chemical contamination 48 images . 48 12.3.4 Double exposure . 48 12.3.6 Edge fog . 48 12.3.5 Dirt and dust 48 1 2.3.7 Fingerprints . 49 12.3.8 Fog . 49 12.3.9 Frilling . 50 12.3.10 Too-dark or too-light film . 50 12.3.1 1 Greenish-tint film . 50
23、 12.3.1 2 Marks or physical artifacts . 50 12.3.13 Milky film . 50 12.3.14 Mottle 50 12.3.1 5 Newton rings (Interference) . 50 12.3.16 Improper or off tracking . 50 12.3.1 7 Out of focus . 50 12.3.1 8 Overdevelopment . -50 12.3.1 9 Overexposure 51 12.3.19.1 Silver, sign reversing . -51 12.3.19.2 Sil
24、ver, sign maintaining . 51 12.3.19.3 Diazo 51 12.3.19.4 Vesicular . 52 12.3.20 Pressure marks . 52 12.3.21 Resolution loss 52 12.3.22 Reticulation . 53 12.3.23 Scratch (base) . 53 12.3.24 Scratch (emulsion) 53 12.3.25 Static marks 53 12.3.26 Light or dark streaks 53 12.3.27 Underdevelopment of a sig
25、n- reversing film . 53 12.3.28 Underexposure 54 12.3.28.1 Silver gelatin. sign reversing (image change) 54 12.3.28.2 Silver, sign maintaining (direct image) . 54 12.3.28.3 Diazo 54 12.3.28.4 Vesicular - Negative- appearing . 54 12.3.29 Washboard . 55 12.3.30 Water spots 55 13 Permanence of microfilm
26、 . 55 development . 55 development . 55 thiosulfate tests . 55 13.3.1 Permanent or long-term (LE 500) microfilms 55 13.3.2 Commercial Microfilm . 55 13.3.3 Expendable Microfilm . 55 13.1 Diazo microfilms - Adequate 13.2 Vesicular microfilms - Adequate 13.3 Silver microforms and residual Annexes Anne
27、x A . Sample inspection forms . 57 Annex B - Other resources . 63 Figures Figure 1 . Quality index chart . 6 Figure 2 . Levels of microimage quality 7 Figure 3 . Flow chart of duplicating methods for source document films . 11 Figure 4 . COM-generation terminology . 12 Figure 5 . Example of processo
28、r control chart 23 Figure 6 . Example of printer/duplicator Figure 7 . Mask for determining diazo full Figure 8 . Mask for determining diazo full monitoring form . 26 development (Method B, Position A) . 27 development (Method 6, Position 6) . 27 Figure 9 . Fully developed film . 27 Figure 10 . Part
29、ially developed film 27 Figure 11 - Common duplicating systems . 28 ASSOCIATON FOR INFORMATION AND IMAGE MANAGEMENT INTERNATIONAL V ANsVAIIM MW3-1998 - INSPECTION AND QUALITY CONTROL OF DUPLICATE MICROFORMS OF DOCUMENTS AND FROM COM Figure 12 - Microfilm inspection equipment 31 Figure 13 - Inspectio
30、n report form . 32 Figure 14 - Inspection using black velvet 33 Figure 15 - Blurred, ghosted, or compressed i mages .49 Figure 16 - Chemical contamination . 49 Figure 17 - Double exposure . 49 Figure 18 - Edge fog . 49 Figure 19 - Fog . 51 Figure 20 - Improper or off tracking 51 Figure 21 - Out of f
31、ocus 51 Figure 22 - Overdevelopment and chemical stains . 52 Figure 23 - Overexposure of sign-reversing film and sign-maintaining film 52 Figure 24 - Pressure marks . 52 Figure 25 - Scratch (emulsion) 54 Figure 26 - Static marks . 54 Figure 27 - Underdevelopment or underexposure of a sign-reversing
32、film 54 Figure A.1 - Processor control chart 58 Figure A.2 - Silver printer control chart . 58 Figure A.3 - Inspection report form . 59 Figure A.4 - Reprint request form . 60 Figure AS - Microfiche scrap report sheet 61 Figure A.6 - Film scrap report form 62 Tables Table 1 - Density table . 8 Table
33、2 - Summary of acceptable density limits for COM film and duplicates . 9 Table 3 - Comparison of duplication materials 12 Table 4 - Diazo film characteristics 17 Table 5 - Densities for duplicate microforms of source documents . 29 Table 6 - Troubleshooting guide for general Table 7 - Troubleshootin
34、g guide for general duplication problems using silver film 33 duplication problems using sign-reversing silver film . 37 duplication problems using sign- maintaining silver film 40 duplication problems using diazo film 41 Table 8 - Troubleshooting guide for general Table 9 - Troubleshooting guide fo
35、r general Table 10 - Troubleshooting guide for general Table 11 - Defects classification guide . 46 duplication problems using vesicular film . 43 vi ASSOCIATION FOR INFORMATION AND IMAGE MANAGEMENT INTERNATIONAL STD.AIIfl flS43-ENGL 3998 = 3032348 0501b90 445 ANSUAIIM MS43-1998 - INSPECTION AND QUA
36、LITY CONTROL OF DUPLICATE MICROFORPAS OF DOCUMENTS AND FROM COM Foreword (This foreword is not a part of American National Standard for Information and Image Manage- ment - Standard Recommended Practice - Operational Procedures - Inspection and Qual- ity Control of Duplicate Microforms of Docu- ment
37、s and From COM - ANSVAIIM MS43- 1998.) This is a companion to American National Stan- dard for Information and Image Management - Standard Recommended Practice - Produc- tion, Inspection, and Quality Assurance of First- generation, Silver Microforms of Documents - ANSVAIIM MS23-1997; American Nation
38、al Standard for Information and Image Manage- ment - Recommended Practice for Alphanu- meric Computer-Output Microforms - Opera- tional Practices for Inspection and Quality Con- trol - ANSVAIIM MS1; and American National Standard Recommended Practice for Opera- tional Procedures, Quality Control and
39、 Inspec- tion of Graphic Computer-Output Microforms - ANSVAIIM MS39. This revision was prepared in 1995 and 1996. The purpose of this practice is to describe and recommend test media, measuring, and inspec- tion procedures to establish adequate quality for producing duplicate microforms. Microfilm q
40、ual- ity is determined and controlled by adequate inspection, which includes evaluation of work- manship, equipment performance, and materi- als measured by accepted standards. Existing ISO, ANSI, and ANSVAIIM standards provide some of the basic test methods and quality as- surance provisions for th
41、is document. In some cases, where an accepted standard test method is not yet available, this document recommends tests and methods in general use that laboratory or field tests or both have indicated to be effec- tive. Many specific uses of microfilm require higher levels of quality than are indica
42、ted in this stan- dard practice. However, certain minimum qual- ity standards must be maintained to ensure rni- crofilm quality adequate for general use, and this standard sets forth such minimum quality standards. Sample inspection forms are included in infor- mative annex A. Readers are encouraged
43、 to copy these forms and use them with their mi- crofilm systems. Helpful tools and information are included in informative annex B. Suggestions for improvement of this standard are welcome. They should be sent to the Chair of the AIIM Standards Board, Association for Information and Image Managemen
44、t Interna- tional, 1100 Wayne Avenue, Suite 1 100, Silver Spring, Maryland 2091 0-5603. This standard was developed under the aus- pices of the AIIM Standards Board, which ap- proved it as an Association for Information and Image Management Recommended Practice. The Standards Board had the following
45、 mem- bers at the time it processed and approved this standard. Name of Organization Representative Represented Marilyn Wright, Association for Information Chair and Image Management Jewel M. Draas Bruce A. Holroyd Roy Pierce Xerox Corporation Fernando L. Podio National Institute of Stan- dards and
46、Technology Shahzad S. Qui U.S. TAG to IS0 TC171 Suresh Shenoy IMC, Inc. Herman Silbiger APPLICOM Michael L. Thomas MSTC, Inc. Herbert White, II International Bell and Howell Eastman Kodak Company LDS Church Family History ASSOCIATION FOR INFORMATION AND IMAGE MANAGEMENT INTERNATIONAL vii STD-AIIM fl
47、SLi3-ENGL 1998 L0123Li8 05ULb7L 381 = ANSVAIIM MS43-1998 - INSPECTION AND QUALITY CONTROL OF DUPLICATE MICROFORM OF DOCUMENTS AND FROM COM The AIIM C10 Document Microfilm Quality and Control Standards Committee had the following members at the time it processed and approved this standard. Name of Re
48、presentative Michael J. Badal Jan Bastien John Breeden Robert Breslawski, Chair Adele Carboni, CRM Myron Chace Richard R. Conger Walter Cybulski Suzanne Dodson Nancy Elkington Eric Erickson Bruno Glavich John Glover Organization Represented Badal Associates Agfa Gevaert NV Virginia Retirement System
49、s Eastman Kodak Com- pany Gateway 2000 Library of Congress Conger Consultants National Library of Medicine University of British Co- lumbia Research Libraries Group Genealogical Society of Utah Applied Image, Inc. FileTrac Richard M. Harrington Jack W. Hostettler Clara Jehle Virginia Jones, CRM Whit Minkler Paul G. Montgomery Ted Montuori Robert Mottice William Neaie Eugene Pawlowski Robert Pheian Robert M. Saholsky George Sedun Tamara Swora Ron Throunk Mike VanDamme Herbert J. White, il Virginia State Ar- chives Bell that is, tone for tone, black for black, white for white, ne
